scholarly journals Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bradyrhizobium and Trichoderma on Growth, Development, and Yield of Arachis hypogaea L. (Peanut)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Ravi Teja Kumar Reddy Neelipally ◽  
Ambrose O. Anoruo ◽  
Shad Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Growth Development

Cultivation of the peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) on the same land contributes to the accumulation of root exudates, leading to increased soil pathogens and decreased yield. Trichoderma harzianum is a naturally occurring endophytic biocontrol fungus that can enhance plant growth, nutrient uptake, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Separately, Bradyrhizobium spp. is a biological nitrogen-fixing (BNF) bacterium favoring nodule formation in peanut roots which promotes nitrogen fixation. The dynamics of the symbiotic association between these two organisms were evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Peanuts were cultivated in pots inoculated with either Bradyrhizobium or Trichoderma or both to evaluate growth, development, and yield. The in vitro study results showed that seeds treated with Trichoderma had better germination and seedling biomass (p = 0.0008) compared to the other treatments. On the other hand, the results of greenhouse studies showed that seeds inoculated with both microbes, and those inoculated with Bradyrhizobium alone had higher dry biomass (p < 0.0001) as well as higher chlorophyll content (p < 0.0001) compared to the other treatments. Understanding of the interactive effects of fungal endophytes and rhizobial bacteria on plant growth and development will help in both the nutrient and disease management of Arachis hypogaea L.

scholarly journals Supplementing Nitrogen in Combination with Rhizobium Inoculation and Soil Mulch in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Production System: Part II. Effect on Phenology, Growth, Yield Attributes, Pod Quality, Profitability and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Sukamal Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Peanut Crop ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Use Efficiency

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is adorned as the one of the important sources of vegetable oil, protein, vitamins and several minerals, which could mitigate the nutritional gap worldwide. However, peanut cultivation in winter suffers from low temperature stress and knowledge lacuna regarding the optimum dose nitrogen. Therefore, the present investigations were carried out during the winter seasons 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 at the district seed farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, an agricultural university in West Bengal, India (23°26’ N, 88°22´ E, elevation 12 m above mean sea level) to facilitate the comprehensive study of plant growth, productivity and profitability of an irrigated peanut crop under varied levels of nitrogen: with and without a rhizobium inoculants and with and without polythene mulch. Quality traits and nutrient dynamics were also itemized. Fertilizing with 100% of the recommended dose of nitrogen combined with rhizobium inoculant and polythene mulch significantly enhanced peanut plant growth, yield and yield-attributing traits, while resulting in the maximum fertilizer (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) uptake by different plant parts. The greatest number of root nodules occurred in the treatment that received 75% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with rhizobium supplementation under polythene mulch, while 50% of the recommended dose of nitrogen with no rhizobium resulted in maximum fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency. Applying the full recommended dose of nitrogen with the rhizobium inoculants and mulch resulted in maximum profitability in the peanut crop.

Storing Peanuts in Trailer-Sized Containers1

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45
Author(s):  
F. S. Wright ◽  
S. H. Deck ◽  
J. S. Cundiff
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mold Growth ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Foreign Material ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Quality Degradation ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
The Hours

Abstract A containerized handling system is envisioned whereby peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) are placed in containers in the field and remain in these containers until they are shelled. This would reduce the foreign material, loose shelled kernels, and pod damage that result from handling as peanuts move through the buying point and into storage. Two naturally ventilated containers (half-trailer size) were stored in 1993. One container had a shed cover and the other an A-frame cover. In 1994 four containers were stored, two with shed covers and two with A-frame covers. One shed and one A-frame had a 1.7 m3/min fan that operated daily between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. Top layer peanuts were at 12% moisture content at the beginning of storage in 1993 and ranged 10 to 11% moisture content after 16 wk. In 1994, the peanuts were over-dried and top layer peanuts entered storage at 6% moisture content. After 12 wk, moisture content was 7%. No mold growth or quality degradation was observed either year. The results indicated top layer peanuts absorb or desorb very little moisture when peanut moisture content is in the range of 6 to 12% at the beginning of storage. Containers were successful for storage at the ambient conditions in Tidewater, VA during 1993 and 1994.

scholarly journals Effect of Gypsum on Yield, Grade and Incidence of Pod Rot in Five Peanut Cultivars1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Walker ◽  
A. S. Csinos
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Loamy Sand ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Five cultivars of peanuts, (Arachis hypogaea L.), Florunner, Tifrun, Florigiant, Ga. 194 Va. and Early Bunch, were grown at Tifton, Ga. on a Stilson loamy sand, low in calcium (356 kg/ha), and at Plains, Ga. on a Greenville sandy loam, relatively higher in calcium (752 kg/ha), for three years (1977–79) to study the response of yield, grade and incidence of pod rot with applications of gypsum. Plots were topdressed with 0, 560, 1120, or 1680 kg/ha of gypsum. Pod rot did not occur at Plains and no significant difference occurred among gypsum rates for yield, percentages of sound mature kernels (SMK), extra large kernels (ELK), and value/ha for any cultivar. However, significant differences were detected for these variables among cultivars. At Tifton, severe pod rot occurred on plots receiving no gypsum, but the severity decreased for all cultivars as the rate of gypsum applied was increased. Differences in yield, percentages of SMK, ELK, pod rot, value/ha and kernel calcium occurred among cultivars, grown at different gypsum rates. Florunner was significantly higher in yield, percent SMK, and value/ha than the other cultivars at all gypsum rates, and significantly lower in pod rot at 0 and 560 kg/ha gypsum. The amount of calcium in kernels increased for most cultivars as rates of gypsum increased. These data support previous work which indicated a suppression of pod rot and an increase in yield and kernel calcium with applications of gypsum.

Plant Growth–Promoting Methylobacterium Induces Defense Responses in Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Compared with Rot Pathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Madhaiyan ◽  
B. V. Suresh Reddy ◽  
R. Anandham ◽  
M. Senthilkumar ◽  
S. Poonguzhali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

scholarly journals Changes in plant growth, leaf relative water content and physiological traits in response to salt stress in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 12049
Author(s):  
Tekam L. MEGUEKAM ◽  
Dany P. MOUALEU ◽  
Victor D. TAFFOUO ◽  
Hartmut STÜTZEL
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Relative Water Content ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Leaf Relative Water Content

Salinity is the main environmental factor accountable for decreasing crop productivity worldwide. The effects of NaCl salinity on plant growth (leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf dry weight (LDW), shoot length (SL), number of leaves (NL), number of branches (NB) and total leaf area (TLA) and physiological characteristics (stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (TR), net photosynthetic (Pn), yield of photosystem II (ΦPsII) and the intercellular CO2 concentration (CO2int) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties (‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and ‘Pl184948’, widely used in Cameroon, Tanzania and Ghana, respectively, were investigated under hydroponic condition. Plants were subjected to four levels of NaCl (0, 40, 80 and 120 mM) at early seedling growth stage of plant development. Application of NaCl treatment led to a significant decrease in LDW, SL, NL, TLA, Pn, gs, TR and CO2int concentration of ‘Vanda’ and ‘P244601’ compared to untreated plants while the plant growth inhibition was notably noted at 120 mM NaCl in ‘P1184948’ for LDW, SL and NB. The highest depressive effect was detected in gs of salt-sensitive ‘Vanda’ while the lowest were recorded in gs of salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at high salinity level. Enhanced NaCl concentrations led to a significant increase in ΦPSII of ‘P1184948’ compared to ‘Vanda’, ‘P244601’ and untreated plants. Leaf CHL content was significantly increased in moderately-tolerant ‘‘P244601’ and salt-tolerant ‘P1184948’ at 80 mM NaCl compared to salt sensitive ‘Vanda’ and untreated plants. The depressive effect of salt on RWC was recorded at 120 mM NaCl in peanut leaves of all varieties. Under salt stress ‘P1184948’ was observed to have relatively higher tolerance on average of all growth and physiological traits than ‘Vanda’ and P244601’ suggesting that it could be grown in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Diversity, activity, and effectiveness of Rhizobium bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) isolated from Dieng, central Java

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri Purwaningsih ◽  
Dwi Agustiyani ◽  
Satjiya Antonius
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Congo Red ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Bromothymol Blue ◽  
Protease Enzyme ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Background and Objectives: This study was aimed to isolate Rhizobium spp., from the plant rhizosphere and to investigate their effects on the growth of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) as plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Materials and Methods: The isolates were characterized using YEMA, YEMA + Congo Red, and YEMA + Bromothymol blue (BTB) media. The Rhizobium was tested qualitatively for their ability to produce indole acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, proteases, nitrogenases as well as phosphate solubilizing activity. A greenhouse experiment was carried out to elucidate the effect of Rhizobium inoculation on Arachis hypogaea L. growth. Results: Eleven isolates were obtained in YEMA media and they were red-pink in the YEMA + Congo Red media. The YEMA + BTB test showed that 2 isolates were slow-growing and the rest were fast-growing isolates. Seven isolates produced siderophores, 5 were capable of phosphate solubilizing, 9 isolates produced protease enzyme, 4 isolates could produce IAA, and 7 isolates could fix nitrogen. The B1 and the combination of some high trait-isolate treatments in Y gave the best results on Arachis hypogaea L. growth. Conclusion: These isolates can be developed as biological fertilizer agents for the peanut plant.

scholarly journals Response of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) to plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria in degraded soils

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 904-910 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kausar Rahina ◽  
Iqbal Choudhary Muhammad ◽  
Imran Akram Muhammad ◽  
Rashid Muhammad ◽  
Ur Rehman Obaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting
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