scholarly journals Improvements of Durum Wheat Main Crop in Weed Control, Productivity and Grain Quality through the Inclusion of FenuGreek and Clover as Companion Plants: Effect of N FertilizaTion Regime

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Wael Toukabri ◽  
Nouha Ferchichi ◽  
Dorsaf Hlel ◽  
Mohamed Jadlaoui ◽  
Oussema Kheriji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Main Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Companion Plants

Assessing the performance of legume species as companion plants is a prerequisite for promoting a low chemical-input durum wheat production system. This study aims to evaluate fenugreek (IC-Fen), clover (IC-Clo) and their mixture (IC-Mix) performances on weed control, productivity, and grain quality of durum wheat main crop under different N fertilization regimes, as compared to durum wheat alone with (SC-H) and without (SC-NH) herbicide. On-field experimentations were carried out in humid and semi-arid conditions. Results showed that legumes offer significant advantages in terms of weed control, soil moisture conservation, productivity, and grain quality for durum wheat cash crops. Results explain that these benefits depend on the legume part and the adopted N fertilization regime. Most significant improvements occurred with the IC-Mix under unfertilized conditions (N0) and relatively low and late N regimes (N1 and N2) where, for example, the partial land equivalent ratio of durum wheat grain yield (PLER) reached 1.25 compared to the SC-NH, with no need to sort the raw grain product (legumes seeds not exceeding 4.3%). Our study illustrates that under low and late N-fertilization condition using promising legumes species combinations result in the improvement of N fertilizer land-use efficiency and hence help to reduce N-fertilization inputs.

Effects of Component Densities and Nitrogen Fertilization on Efficiency and Yield of a Maize/Soyabean Intercrop

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Russell ◽  
R. M. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Range ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Measure Of Performance ◽  
Input Level ◽  
Yield Depression

SUMMARYA field study was conducted in 1985 at two locations in Maryland, USA, to test the influence of environment (location), input level (N fertilization), management (component density combinations), and measure of performance on recommendations for a maize/soyabean intercrop. Location affected the degree of intercrop yield depression of each crop; the effect of N on relative competitive abilities; the maximum Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) and maximum modified Staple Land Equivalent Ratio (SLER); the difference between LER and SLER; the optimum density combinations and change in optima in response to N; and the N level at which the greatest land use efficiency was achieved. Given the complexity of the environmental effects, recommendations based on the trials have a very narrow range of applicability.

Effects of Salinity and Drought Stress on Grain Quality of Durum Wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Houshmand ◽  
A. Arzani ◽  
S. A. M. Mirmohammadi-Maibody
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality

Trade-Off between Energy Wood and Grain Production in Temperate Alley-Cropping Systems: An Empirical and Simulation-Based Derivation of Land Equivalent Ratio

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana-Maria Seserman ◽  
Dirk Freese ◽  
Anita Swieter ◽  
Maren Langhof ◽  
Maik Veste
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

The alley-cropping systems (ACSs), which integrate parallel tree strips at varying distances on an agricultural field can result, complementarity of resource use, in an increased land-use efficiency. Practitioners’ concerns have been directed towards the productivity of such systems given a reduced area covered by agricultural crops. The land equivalent ratio (LER) serves as a valuable productivity indicator of yield performance and land-use efficiency in ACSs, as it compares the yields achieved in monocultures to those from ACSs. Consequently, the objective of this combined experimental and simulation study was to assess the tree- and crop-yields and to derive the LER and gross energy yield for two temperate ACSs in Germany under different design scenarios, i.e., tree arrangements (lee- or wind-ward) and ratios of tree area to crop area. Both LER and gross energy yields resulted in a convex curve where the maximum values were achieved when either the tree or crop component was dominant (>75% of the land area) and minimum when these components shared similar proportions of land area. The implications of several design scenarios have been discussed in order to improve the decision-making, optimization, and adaptation of the design of ACSs with respect to site-specific characteristics.

scholarly journals Effect of Tillage, Previous Crop, and N Fertilization on Agronomic and Economic Performances of Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) under Rainfed Semi-Arid Environment

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1161
Author(s):  
Amir Souissi ◽  
Haithem Bahri ◽  
Hatem Cheikh M’hamed ◽  
Mohamed Chakroun ◽  
Salah Benyoussef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Margins ◽  
N Use ◽  
Semi Arid

The implementation of conservation agriculture (CA) remains crucial for facing interannual variability in climatic conditions that impact durum wheat production and food security. The current work was conducted to assess the effects of the tillage practice, previous crop, and nitrogen (N) fertilization rate on the agronomic and economic performances of rainfed durum wheat in a semi-arid environment in Tunisia. Tillage practices included no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Preceding crops were either a common vetch or a bread wheat. The N rates applied were: 0, 75, 100, 120, and 140 kg N ha−1. Our results show that, based on a 2-year experiment, tillage practices are not affecting grain yield, grain N, and gross margins. However, the N-use efficiency of durum wheat was significantly higher when wheat was grown using NT. Grain yield and N content in grain were 340 kg ha−1 and 0.34%; much higher after vetch than after bread wheat. For both tillage practices, the merit of 75 kg N ha−1 is paramount to maximize yield through a more efficient use of available N. Our results highlight the importance of no-tillage-based CA combined with rotation, including vetch, on enhanced yields, N-use efficiency, and gross margins. These findings provide the evidence of the positive impact of CA for rainfed durum wheat under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions.

scholarly journals Species Interactions Improve Above-Ground Biomass and Land Use Efficiency in Intercropped Wheat and Chickpea under Low Soil Inputs

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latati ◽  
Dokukin ◽  
Aouiche ◽  
Rebouh ◽  
Takouachet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Use Efficiency

Little is known about how the performance of legumes symbiosis affects biomass and nutrient accumulation by intercropped cereals under the field condition. To assess the agricultural services of an intercropping system; durum wheat (Triticum turgidum durum L.cv. VITRON) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.cv. FLIP 90/13 C) were cultivated as both intercrops and sole cropping during two growing seasons under the field trial, to compare plant biomass, nodulation, N and phosphorus (P) uptake, and N nutrition index. Both the above-ground biomass and grain yield and consequently, the amount of N taken up by intercropped durum wheat increased significantly (44%, 48%, and 30%, respectively) compared with sole cropping during the two seasons. However, intercropping decreased P uptake by both durum wheat and chickpea. The efficiency in use of rhizobial symbiosis (EURS) for intercropped chickpea was significantly higher than for chickpea grown as sole cropping. The intercropped chickpea considerably increased N (49%) and P (75%) availability in durum wheat rhizosphere. In the case of chickpea shoot, the N nutrition (defined by the ratio between actual and critical N uptake by crop) and acquisition were higher in intercropping during only the first year of cropping. Moreover, biomass, grin yield, and resource (N and P) use efficiency were significantly improved, as indicated by higher land equivalent ratio (LER > 1) in intercropping over sole cropping treatments. Our findings suggest that change in the intercropped chickpea rhizosphere-induced parameters facilitated P and N uptake, above-ground biomass, grain yield, and land use efficiency for wheat crop.

YIELD, NITROGEN USE EFFICIENCY AND GRAIN QUALITY IN DURUM WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION UNDER A MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANITA IERNA ◽  
GRAZIA MARIA LOMBARDO ◽  
GIOVANNI MAUROMICALE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

SUMMARYLimited information is available concerning the influence of nitrogen fertilization jointly on yield response, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and grain quality of durum wheat under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. The study focused on evaluating, through a systematic study, over three seasons in southern Italy the effects of three nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 80 and 160 kg N ha−1– N0, N80and N160), on grain yield, yield components, nitrogen efficiency indices and grain quality characteristics of three durum wheat genotypes (‘Creso’, ‘Trinakria’ and ‘Line 25’) from different breeding eras to achieve a more sustainable fertilization management of the durum wheat crop. We found that nitrogen fertilization at 80 kg N ha−1was able to maximize the yield performances (2.1 t ha−1year–1) of the crop and keep NUE index at an acceptable level (16.3 kg kg−1). On the other hand, nitrogen fertilization at 160 kg N ha−1improved grain quality measured through protein (up to 14.3%) and dry gluten concentration (up to 12.8%), but had a detrimental effect on grain yield and nitrogen efficiency. Among the genotypes studied, ‘Trinakria’ showed the greatest potential to utilize nitrogen fertilization to improve grain yield and NUE (at N80) and quality (at N160), ‘Line 25’ made good use of N80both for yield and quality, whereas ‘Creso’ proved wholly unresponsive to nitrogen. The effect of N fertilization on grain yield and N use efficiency depends on rainfall distribution, giving the best results when about 80% of total rainfall occurred from sowing to heading. Overall, our data show that in seasons with regular rainfall in quantity and distribution, combining no more than 80 kg ha−1of nitrogen fertilization with genotypes characterized by a more efficient response to nitrogen, is a useful tool to improve the agronomic and quality performance of the crop, ensuring, at the same time, a more environment-friendly nitrogen fertilization.

scholarly journals Efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat depending on genotype and previous crop

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Adriana R. Kraisig ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Laura M. Pereira ◽  
Roberto Carbonera ◽  
Ivan R. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT The efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat crop depends on genetic and environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen use by wheat crop, through biomass, productivity and grain quality indicators, as a function of the genotype and previous harvest, in Southern Brazil cereal cultivation systems. The experiments were conducted in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat systems during 2015, 2016, and 2017 in Augusto Pestana, RS, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized block with four repetitions, following a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, referring to five wheat cultivars (Quartzo, TBIO Sinuelo, TBIO Sintonia, TEC 10 and TEC Vigore) and four nitrogen doses (0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1) applied as a topdressing during the phenological stage of the expanded third leaf, stage 13. There were genetic differences in nitrogen use efficiency, for the productivity (yield and biomass) and quality of wheat. However, these genetic differences were influenced by the carbon:nitrogen ratios of the previous crop. Quartzo and TBIO Sinuelo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for grain yield, TBIO Sinuelo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for biomass production and Quartzo had the greatest nitrogen use efficiency for grain quality with expectation of 3 Mg ha-1, regardless of the succession system, in the joint analysis of agricultural years.

scholarly journals Maize and Potato Intercropping: A Technology to Increase Productivity and Profitability in Tigray

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beyenesh Z. Kidane ◽  
Mereseit H. Hailu ◽  
Haile T. Haile
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Sole Crop ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

AbstractSmallholders have limited landholding in the highlands of Tigray and therefore there is a critical need to improve land use efficiency (LUE). One way to improve the LUE is through intercropping of companion crops including maize and potato. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the intercropping ratio as a means to improve land use efficiency during the 2012 cropping season. The treatments tested were three intercropping ratios of maize: potato in 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 row arrangement compared against the maize and potato only cropping. The objective of the study was to identify the best intercropping ratio that maximizes land use efficiency. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was used to compare the land use efficiency of the intercrops with each sole crop. The total yield of intercropped crops were greater than sole cropping, shown by LER>1. The overall advantage of intercropping ranged from 35 to 58%. The highest land equivalent value of 58% was recorded for one maize and two potato rows arrangements indicated a yield advantage of 58% over sole crop. The partial land equivalent value of both crops in intercropping was less than one indicating the cohesiveness of both crops in intercropping. Thus, it can be concluded that 1maize: 2 potato intercropping is a viable agronomic option in increasing land use efficiency and increased food security. It is, therefore, imperative to demonstrate the best treatment under farmer’s condition.

scholarly journals Influence of nitrogen fertilizers and organic mineral preparations on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (25) ◽  
pp. 113-123
Author(s):  
D.S. Izmailova ◽  
◽  
A.M. Izotov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Factor C

Triticum durum – is one of the most important food crops in the world that plays a fundamental role in combating hunger and improving global food security. Our research aimed to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilizers and preparations “Flora-S” and “Fitop-Flora-S” on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat. The studies and field trials were carried out on the experimental field of the Agrotechnology Academy (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University located in the low foothill zone of the Crimea (city of Simferopol). Soil – chernozem southern mycelial-calcareous low-humus developed on quaternary yellow-brown loess-like light clays. Field experiments were conducted in 2016–2018 according to B.A. Dospekhov methods of field research. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – doses of nitrogen: N0+0 (control variant), N20+20, N40+40, N60+60; Factor B – foliar dressing of plants with preparations “Flora-S” and “Fitop-Flora-S” according to the manufacturer’s recommendations; Factor C: weather conditions of the year. The analysis of the sheaf material was carried out according to the methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Grain vitreousness was determined according to GOST (State Standard of the Russian Federation) 10987–76, protein content – GOST 10846-91, durum winter wheat grain class – GOST 9353-2016. The analysis of the experimental data shows that nitrogen fertilizers had a significant effect on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat variety ‘Amazonka’. Variant N60+60 was the most effective one; yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was expressed in the next quality parameters: yield – 4.65 t/ha (189.4 % more compared to control), protein content – 15.7 %, vitreousness – 85.1 %. The share of the influence of Factor B on such parameters as yield, protein content and vitreousness was 0.5, 1.8 and 0.8 %. The share of the influence of factor C on the same parameters was 6.9, 19.3 and 3.9 %. In the course of the research, we concluded that the most effective options of organic mineral preparations application were: “Flora-S” at the tillering stage of development + “Fitop-Flora-S” at the stage of head emergence; “Flora-S” at the tillering stage of development + “Fitop-Flora-S” at the stage of head emergence + “Flora-S” at the stage of milk development. These preparations contributed to yield improvement by 0.19 and 0.24 t/ha, respectively.

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