Investigation on the Relationship between Morphological and Anatomical Characteristic of Savoy Cabbage and Kale Leaves and Infestation by Cabbage Whitefly (Aleyrodes proletella L.)

The cabbage whitefly (CW), Aleyrodes proletella (L.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest in Brassica oleracea L. crops. Little is known about the mechanisms of resistance to CW of savoy cabbage and kale cultivars. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were used to determine the relationship between the morphological and anatomical features of savoy cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (L.) Alef. var. sabauda L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. convar. acephala (DC.) Alef. var. sabellica L.) leaves and host suitability to colonization by CW. Two kale cultivars, “Redbor” and “Starbor”, and two savoy cabbage cultivars, “Gloriosa” and “Alcosa”, that differed in the degree of infestation by A. proletella were taken for histological analysis. The lowest infestation by all forms of A. proletella was observed on savoy cabbage cultivar “Alcosa” and kale cultivar “Starbor”. The reduced colonization by cabbage whitefly may be related to the structure of the epidermis and the anatomical features of the leaf. The leaves of “Starbor” and “Alcosa” had more folds in the epidermis, less numerous but larger stomata, and a more compact mesophyll structure compared to “Redbor” and “Gloriosa”. In both analysed species, there was no clear relationship between the thickness of the abaxial epidermal layer, thickness of the lamina, number of vascular bundles, and degree of infestation by the cabbage whitefly. This study identified promising sources of resistance to A. proletella among cultivars of savoy cabbage and kale. Varying infestation by CW was associated with morphological and anatomical characteristics of leaves. Further study is needed to confirm the relationship between insect resistance and leaf surface and morphological characteristics of leaves in a broader range of Brassica spp.

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Taxonomic relevance of petiole anatomical and micro-morphological characteristics of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) taxa from South Korea

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.11669 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e11669

Author(s):

Beom Kyun Park ◽

Dong Chan Son ◽

Balkrishna Ghimire

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Species Level ◽

Species Discrimination ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Anatomical Structures ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Capitate Trichomes ◽

Upgma Phenogram

We assessed the micro-morphological and anatomical structures of the petioles of 19 Clematis taxa from South Korea. The petiole surface features were observed with the help of stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the anatomical features are studied via microtomy and light microscopy. The results of this study showed that the presence/absence and abundance of trichomes, petiole cross-section outlines, upper surface wings and grooves, and the number of vascular bundles were useful for species discrimination in Clematis. Among the studied taxa, C. hexapetala was the only species with a glabrous petiole surface. Two types of trichomes were observed in the other 18 taxa: long, non-glandular and flagelliform trichomes and short, glandular capitate trichomes. We found four to six major vascular bundles and a maximum of eight interfascicular vascular bundles (C. heracleifolia and C. urticifolia) in the 19 taxa. A cluster analysis based on UPGMA identified six clusters with 18 nodes. Although the number of taxa investigated was limited, taxa from the sections Tubulosae, Viorna, and Astragene clustered with each other in the UPGMA phenogram due to the overall similarity of petiole features. Based on this observation, we can conclude that most of the petiole features are limited to the species level, and thus, the data obtained could be used as descriptive and/or diagnostic features for particular taxa, which may be useful for the investigation of problematic taxa in the genus.

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Leaf morpho-anatomical diversity in Echeveria gigantea (Crassulaceae)

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2028 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 218

Author(s):

Estela Sandoval-Zapotitla ◽

Daniel M. Martínez-Quezada ◽

Jerónimo Reyes-Santiago ◽

María de los Ángeles Islas-Luna ◽

Ulises Rosas

Keyword(s):

Comparison Group ◽

Leaf Shape ◽

Morphological Variability ◽

Taxonomic Group ◽

Vascular Bundles ◽

Anatomical Features ◽

Morphometric Analyses ◽

Specific Hybridization ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

Background. Distinguishing species and populations in Crassulaceae is challenging because of the morphological variability and inter-specific hybridization. Currently our understanding of the morphological and anatomical features in Echeveria is poor, and therefore it is difficult to delimit species, and morphotypes within the species. Question. Our objective was to describe the foliar anatomy and the shape of accessions in E. gigantea. We used E. gibbiflora, another species in the series as a comparison group. Comparing the two species allowed us to evaluate the relationship between anatomy and morphology in E. gigantea.Methods. We performed a survey of anatomical features in seven accessions of E. gigantea, and one accession of E. gibbiflora. We obtained epidermal prints, leaf sections, performed geometric and morphometric analyses.Results. We found that 65 % of the anatomical traits are heterogeneous among the taxonomic units. Our analysis showed that E. gibbiflora and some E. gigantea accessions share extensive anatomical similarities. There was variation within the E. gigantea, suggesting that at least one of the accessions is an independent taxonomic group. The traits with the largest contribution to variation between the groups were related to the epidermis, the hypodermis, the type of vascular bundles and the collenchyma associated to the vascular bundles. In addition we quantified the variation in leaf shape. Interestingly, we found correlations between the organ shape and anatomical traits.Conclusion. These analyses provide information about traits towards the morpho-anatomical definition of E. gigantea variation and suggest developmental correlation yet to be explained.

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Düzce ilinde karayaprak lahanasında (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) zararlı Aleyrodes proletella L. (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)’nın yayılışı, konukçuları ve doğal düşmanları

Bitki Koruma Bülteni ◽

10.16955/bitkorb.597889 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (1) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

Abdurrahman Sami KOCA ◽

Halil KÜTÜK

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Aleyrodes Proletella ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

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Tronchuda cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC) leaf free amino acid profile

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/s-0028-1084544 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 74 (09) ◽

Author(s):

BM Silva ◽

AP Oliveira ◽

DM Pereira ◽

C Sousa ◽

RM Seabra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Free Amino Acid ◽

Free Amino ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Tronchuda Cabbage ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

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Pengaruh teknik pengolahan terhadap kandungan beta-karoten pada brokoli (Brassica oleracea L.)

Ilmu Gizi Indonesia ◽

10.35842/ilgi.v2i2.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Mario Febrianus Helan Sani ◽

Setyowati Setyowati ◽

Sri Kadaryati

Keyword(s):

Brassica Oleracea ◽

Brassica Oleracea L

Latar Belakang: Beta-karoten merupakan salah satu isomer karoten yang bisa ditemukan pada sayuran berwarna hijau tua atau kuning tua (seperti wortel dan brokoli). Brokoli merupakan sayuran yang memiliki kandungan beta-karoten yang cukup tinggi, yaitu 623 IU/100 gram. Namun, proses pengolahan brokoli menjadi hidangan dapat menurunkan kandungan beta-karotennya. Tujuan: Mengetahui pengaruh teknik pengolahan terhadap kandungan beta-karoten pada brokoli. Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah observational di laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak sederhana dengan dua kali pengulangan dan satu unit percobaan. Teknik pengolahan yang dilakukan adalah merebus, mengukus, dan menumis. Brokoli mentah digunakan sebagai kontrol. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari–Maret 2017. Analisis kadar beta-karoten dilakukan di Laboratorium Chem-mix Pratama Yogyakarta dengan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil: Kadar beta-karoten tertinggi terdapat pada brokoli mentah diikuti dengan brokoli yang ditumis, dikukus dan direbus. Persen penurunan kadar beta-karoten yang direbus, dikukus dan ditumis dibandingkan dengan brokoli mentah masing-masing sebesar 45,87%, 33,52% dan 22,25%. Ada penurunan kadar beta-karoten yang signifikan setelah direbus, ditumis, maupun dikukus dibandingkan dengan brokoli segar (p<0,05). Kesimpulan: Kadar beta-karoten pada brokoli mengalami penurunan setelah dilakukan pengolahan dengan cara direbus, dikukus, dan ditumis. Merebus mengakibatkan penurunan kadar betakaroten terbanyak dibandingkan dengan kedua proses lainnya.

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