scholarly journals The Effect of the Manure from Sheep Treated with Anthelmintics on Clover (Trifolium pratense)

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1892
Author(s):  
Lenka Langhansová ◽  
Martina Navrátilová ◽  
Lenka Skálová ◽  
Kateřina Moťková ◽  
Radka Podlipná
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities ◽  
Parasitic Worms ◽  
Uptake And Metabolism

The anthelmintics (regularly administered to livestock to control the infections caused by parasitic worms) and their metabolites formed in treated animals are excreted to the environment. This contamination might have a negative influence on non-target organisms including plants. Our previous studies described the uptake, metabolism, and effects of anthelmintics in plants using in vitro models exposed to anthelmintic drugs in solutions. The present study was performed in clover grown in soil fertilized with manure from sheep treated with the recommended dose of albendazole (ABZ), ivermectin (IVM), or monepantel (MOP). The uptake and metabolism of drugs in clover were monitored for six weeks using UHPLC-MS/MS, and several stress markers (proline accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes activities) were evaluated. The results showed that ABZ and MOP were absorbed, metabolized, and translocated to leaves, while IVM was detected only in the roots. No or minimal drug-response was observed in monitored stress markers, and only a temporary increase of several antioxidative enzymes activities was observed. Overall, manure from sheep treated with anthelmintics does not evoke chronic stress in clover, but it can cause the entry of anthelmintics in other organisms and the food-chain.

scholarly journals Copper-stress induced alterations in protein profile and antioxidant enzymes activities in the in vitro grown Withania somnifera L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti R. Rout ◽  
Shidharth S. Ram ◽  
Ritarani Das ◽  
Anindita Chakraborty ◽  
Mathummal Sudarshan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Copper Stress ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

scholarly journals Effects of cytokinins on antioxidant enzymes in in vitro grown shoots of Pelargonium hortorum L. H. Bayley

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Edyta Skrzypek
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Control Medium ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Aromatic Cytokinin ◽  
Leaf Yellowing ◽  
Subculture Period ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

<p>The aim of this study was to determine the influence of <em>meta</em>-topolin (<em>m</em>T) and 6-benzyl-aminopurine (BAP) on the hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) level and antioxidant enzymes activities in relation to the shoot formation and senescence process in <em>Pelargonium hortorum</em> cultivars, which differ in their susceptibility to leaf yellowing under <em>in vitro</em> conditions.</p><p>In an early senescing cultivar ‘Grand Prix’, the addition of an aromatic cytokinin <em>m</em>T to abscisic acid (ABA)-enriched Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium more efficiently inhibited leaf yellowing than BAP. In both genotypes, <em>meta</em>-topolin was also the most effective in shoot formation. It was found that <em>Pelargonium</em> species varying in their susceptibility to senescence differ in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production and antioxidant enzymes activities. Generally, <em>meta</em>-topolin more effectively enhanced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>production and POD activity than BAP and control medium, but its effect depended on genotype. The highest H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production stimulated by <em>m</em>T was observed on day 5 of subculture in late senescing cv. ‘Bergpalais’. In both geranium genotypes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels were highest at the beginning of the subculture period, during the initiation of shoot formation. SOD showed the highest activity on day 5 of subculture on the medium without cytokinin and generally being higher in cv. ‘Bergpalais’ than in cv. ‘Grand Prix’. CAT activity was positively regulated by both cytokinins. POD activity was most effectively enhanced by <em>m</em>T, but on different days of subculture - on the 2<sup>nd</sup> day of subculture in cv. ‘Bergpalais’ and on the 22<sup>nd</sup> day of subculture in cv. ‘Grand Prix’. The enhanced activity of POD in the presence of <em>m</em>T, 4-fold higher than on control medium, at the end of subculture in <em>P. hortorum </em>‘Grand Prix’ coincided with the inhibition of leaf senescence.</p>

Analysis and applicability of different in vitro models of Glioblastoma multiforme

2014 ◽  
Vol 226 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
D William ◽  
M Linnebacher ◽  
CF Classen
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
In Vitro Models

EFFECTS OF COPPER ON ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES ACTIVITIES AND METALLOTHIONEIN CONCENTRATION OF BELLAMYA PURIFICATA

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Shun ZHANG ◽  
Jian-Jun HOU ◽  
Xiang-Jiang LIU ◽  
Jie-Xuan LUO ◽  
Bang-Xi XIONG
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Enzymes Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes Activities

Effect of carbon source on Phenobarbital metabolism by Rhizopus stolonifer

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027
Author(s):  
Kavitha K ◽  
Asha S ◽  
Hima Bindu T.V.L ◽  
Vidyavathi M
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Safety And Efficacy ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Toxicological Studies ◽  
Microbial Model

The safety and efficacy of a drug is based on its metabolism or metabolite formed. The metabolism of drugs can be studied by different in vitro models, among which microbial model became popular. In the present study, eight microbes were screened for their ability to metabolize phenobarbital in a manner comparable to humans with a model to develop alternative systems to study human drug metabolism. Among the different microbes screened, a filamentous fungi Rhizopus stolonifer metabolized phenobarbital to its metabolite which is used for further pharmacological and toxicological studies. The transformation of phenobarbital was identified by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Interestingly, Rhizopus stolonifer sample showed an extra metabolite peak at 3.11min. compared to its controls. The influence of different carbon sources in media used for growth of fungus, on metabolite production was studied, to find its effect in production of metabolite as the carbon source may influence the growth of the cell.

3D Culture Modelling: An Emerging Approach for Translational Cancer Research in Sarcomas

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (29) ◽  
pp. 4778-4788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Heredia-Soto ◽  
Andrés Redondo ◽  
José Juan Pozo Kreilinger ◽  
Virginia Martínez-Marín ◽  
Alberto Berjón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Tumour Spheroids ◽  
Current Therapies

Sarcomas are tumours of mesenchymal origin, which can arise in bone or soft tissues. They are rare but frequently quite aggressive and with a poor outcome. New approaches are needed to characterise these tumours and their resistance mechanisms to current therapies, responsible for tumour recurrence and treatment failure. This review is focused on the potential of three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, including multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) and organoids, and the latest data about their utility for the study on important properties for tumour development. The use of spheroids as a particularly valuable alternative for compound high throughput screening (HTS) in different areas of cancer biology is also discussed, which enables the identification of new therapeutic opportunities in commonly resistant tumours.

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