Effect of Sinapis alba L. as an Insectary Plant on the Occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop., Coccinellidae and Syrphidae in Broad Bean

Introducing insectary plants along with principal crops is an effective way to increase the biological diversity of beneficial insects and improve the stability of ecological equilibrium in agrocenoses and could be an alternative to chemical plant protection, particularly in organic farming. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of white mustard as a companion plant in broad bean cultivation on the occurrence of Aphis fabae Scop., Syrphidae, and Coccinellidae. The study also aimed at finding the optimum row separation of broad bean plants. It also evaluated the effectiveness of the thinning of mustard in a specific time to eliminate excessive competition with the main crop. The results showed that white mustard contributed to visible suppression of A. fabae abundance on broad bean (to the level similar as with the use of chemical protection). S. alba contributed to an increased abundance of hoverflies and lady beetles on broad bean despite the relatively low abundance of their prey, i.e., aphids. Mustard thinning positively affected abundance of larvae and adults of lady beetles as well as improved predator-prey ratio for hoverfly larvae and adult lady beetles. The most appropriate distance between broad bean rows when white mustard was introduced was 65 cm, with the concomitant conduct of mustard thinning when the broad bean plants reached flower bud formation. White mustard can be recommended as an element increasing the role of natural enemies of aphids in mixed crops, however, its strong growth should be taken into account and the plant density should be properly adjusted to avoid excessive competition with main plant.

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PROSPECTS FOR USAGE OF OIL CROPS IN CROP ROTATIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF THE VOLGA REGION

Vestnik of Ulyanovsk state agricultural academy ◽

10.18286/1816-4501-2021-2-54-61 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 250 ◽

pp. 54-61

Author(s):

A.L. Toygildin ◽

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M.I. Podsevalov ◽

V.N. Ostin ◽

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...

Keyword(s):

Biological Diversity ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Protection System ◽

Volga Region ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

White Mustard ◽

Combined System ◽

Plant Protection System ◽

Spring Rape

An increase of biological diversity of field crops is relevant for modern agriculture. The aim of our study was comparative assessment of productivity of oilseeds (oil flax, white mustard and spring rape) and substantiation of primary soil tillage technology and plant protection during crop cultivation in the foreststeppe zone of the Volga region. The research results showed that the growing season of white mustard was 87-99 days, oil flax - 97-106 days and spring rape - 97-103 days. The period from harvesting to winter wheat sowing was 12-20 days for oil flax, white mustard - 20-30 days, for spring rape - 14-20 days, which makes it possible to use these crops as forecrops for winter grain crops. When cultivating oil flax, white mustard and spring rape, combined system of soil tillage in crop rotation is more effective, where, in comparison with the minimum tillage of the soil, the seed yield increased (by 8.4-23.7%), as well as vegetable fat (by 16.9- 30.5%). The adaptive integrated plant protection system (a combination of agrotechnical, biological and chemical plant protection methods) was more effective in comparison with herbicide usage. Evaluation of economic efficiency showed that cultivation of spring rape provides a higher level of income in comparison with other crops. Combined tillage and the protection level of standard agricultural technologies (only herbicide usage) ensured an increase of net operating profit per hectare, therefore, the substantiation of plant protection system should be carried out with egad to economic limits of harmfulness.

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A Study of Blackfly (Aphis fabae Scop.) on Broad Bean Plants, and of Insects Associated Directly or Indirectly with the Colony

Journal of Biological Education ◽

10.1080/00219266.1972.9653781 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mary Backhouse

Keyword(s):

Broad Bean ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Bean Plants

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Relationship of the movements of aphids over the host-plant to their spatial distribution

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300042346 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 599-605 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

H. J. B. Lowe

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Experiments ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Broad Bean ◽

Leaf Age ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Direction Of Movement ◽

Reproductive Rates ◽

Relationship Of

In both experimental and naturally developed colonies, Aphis fabae Scop., and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) were concentrated on the upper parts of broad bean plants. A. pisum resembled Myzus persicae (Sulz.) rather than Aphis fabae by normally infesting leaves, not stems. Colonies of M. persicae were dispersed over the whole plant. In laboratory experiments, apterous adult aphids were observed walking on bean plants, and their activity was recorded in terms of their actions at each node. Moving aphids of both species tended to maintain their direction at a node although the structure of the plant does not appear to favour this. Aphids of both species changed their direction of movement more often after going onto the leaf at a node than when they stayed on the stem. M. persicae adults went upwards as often as they went down, but those of Acyrthosiphon pisum walked up more often than down and were more likely to turn round if they were moving downwards. These differences in the behaviour of active individuals would tend to produce the differences between the observed spatial distributions of the two species, although other factors, including leaf age and reproductive rates are probably more important in determining the form of aphid colonies.

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Effects of the Ant, Lasius niger (L.), on the Behaviour and Reproduction of the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scop

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300053979 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 701-714 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

C. J. Banks

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Plant Tissue ◽

Food Supply ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Lasius Niger ◽

Average Difference ◽

Young Plant ◽

Black Bean ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Aphid Populations

SummaryCage experiments confirmed that, in the absence of natural enemies, populations of Aphis fabae Scop., attended on bean plants (Vicia faba) by the ant, Lasius niger (L.), multiply more rapidly than otherwise similar but ant-free populations. The average difference in numbers recorded, was about one-third, the maximum being 70 per cent. No doubling or trebling of aphid numbers as claimed by an earlier worker was ever recorded.When the Aphids are attended by ants, their excretion behaviour alters and the normal dispersal of the apterae from the young apical growth of bean plants is considerably delayed.No significant differences were found between the numbers of nymphs produced by individual Aphids from ant-visited and ant-free plants, respectively, living on leaves of the same age; but the numbers were significantly affected by the age of the leaf or part of the plant on which the Aphids had developed or were then feeding.It is suggested that ant-attended aphid populations multiply more rapidly because most of the Aphids feed for a much longer time on young plant tissue where, presumably, their food supply is more nutritious.

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Partial application of insecticide to broad bean (Vicia fabae) as a means of controlling bean aphid (Aphis fabae) and bean weevil (Sitona lineatus)

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1995.tb06669.x ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 127 (2) ◽

pp. 239-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A. WARD ◽

S. MORSE

Keyword(s):

Broad Bean ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Bean Weevil

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Effects of the Ant, Lasius Niger L., on the Feeding and Excretion of the Bean Aphid, Aphis Fabae Scop

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.35.4.703 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 35 (4) ◽

pp. 703-711 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

C. J. BANKS ◽

H. L. NIXON

Keyword(s):

Vicia Faba ◽

Aphis Fabae ◽

Lasius Niger ◽

Feeding Rates ◽

Water Culture ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Normal Feeding ◽

Plant Sap

1. To test the idea of Herzig (1937) that the excretion and feeding rates of aphids are stimulated by attendant ants, bean plants (Vicia faba), on which groups of nymphs of Aphis fabae were feeding, were made radioactive with 32P in water culture, so that the aphids took up the isotope and excreted it in their honeydew. The radioactivity of the honeydew taken from them by attendant Lasius niger was then compared with that of the honeydew excreted concurrently by unattended control aphids on separate plants. 2. By increasing their uptake of plant sap the ant-attended aphids produced twice as much radioactivity in their excreta as did the ant-free aphids. 3. The aphids directly control their rates of excretion and feeding, which are not determined solely by forces within the plant. 4. The aphid apparently controls its feeding by the ‘sucking pump’ in its head. It is suggested that the pump is normally closed but that periodically it opens to admit sap into its lumen and then closes ventrally to force the ingested sap into the stomach. During normal feeding the pump probably opens and closes at regular intervals; but when the aphid is ant-attended it could operated more frequently so as to force sap into the stomach more often. The uptake of sap by normally feeding aphids is apparently not continuous.

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