Effects of the Ant, Lasius Niger L., on the Feeding and Excretion of the Bean Aphid, Aphis Fabae Scop

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. BANKS ◽  
H. L. NIXON
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Normal Feeding ◽  
Plant Sap

1. To test the idea of Herzig (1937) that the excretion and feeding rates of aphids are stimulated by attendant ants, bean plants (Vicia faba), on which groups of nymphs of Aphis fabae were feeding, were made radioactive with 32P in water culture, so that the aphids took up the isotope and excreted it in their honeydew. The radioactivity of the honeydew taken from them by attendant Lasius niger was then compared with that of the honeydew excreted concurrently by unattended control aphids on separate plants. 2. By increasing their uptake of plant sap the ant-attended aphids produced twice as much radioactivity in their excreta as did the ant-free aphids. 3. The aphids directly control their rates of excretion and feeding, which are not determined solely by forces within the plant. 4. The aphid apparently controls its feeding by the ‘sucking pump’ in its head. It is suggested that the pump is normally closed but that periodically it opens to admit sap into its lumen and then closes ventrally to force the ingested sap into the stomach. During normal feeding the pump probably opens and closes at regular intervals; but when the aphid is ant-attended it could operated more frequently so as to force sap into the stomach more often. The uptake of sap by normally feeding aphids is apparently not continuous.

Effects of the Ant, Lasius niger (L.), on the Behaviour and Reproduction of the Black Bean Aphid, Aphis fabae Scop

1958 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Banks
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Lasius Niger ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Young Plant ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Aphid Populations

SummaryCage experiments confirmed that, in the absence of natural enemies, populations of Aphis fabae Scop., attended on bean plants (Vicia faba) by the ant, Lasius niger (L.), multiply more rapidly than otherwise similar but ant-free populations. The average difference in numbers recorded, was about one-third, the maximum being 70 per cent. No doubling or trebling of aphid numbers as claimed by an earlier worker was ever recorded.When the Aphids are attended by ants, their excretion behaviour alters and the normal dispersal of the apterae from the young apical growth of bean plants is considerably delayed.No significant differences were found between the numbers of nymphs produced by individual Aphids from ant-visited and ant-free plants, respectively, living on leaves of the same age; but the numbers were significantly affected by the age of the leaf or part of the plant on which the Aphids had developed or were then feeding.It is suggested that ant-attended aphid populations multiply more rapidly because most of the Aphids feed for a much longer time on young plant tissue where, presumably, their food supply is more nutritious.

scholarly journals Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abeer F. Desouky ◽  
Ahmed H. Ahmed ◽  
Hartmut Stützel ◽  
Hans-Jörg Jacobsen ◽  
Yi-Chen Pao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Vicia Faba L

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.

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