scholarly journals Changes in Soil-Borne Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi during Natural Regrowth of Abandoned Cattle Pastures Are Indicative of Ecosystem Restoration

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2468
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Rodríguez-León ◽  
Clara P. Peña-Venegas ◽  
Armando Sterling ◽  
Herminton Muñoz-Ramirez ◽  
Yeny R. Virguez-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Natural Restoration ◽  
Degraded Pastures

Natural restoration of ecosystems includes the restoration of plant-microbial associations; however, few studies had documented those changes in tropical ecosystems. With the aim to contribute to understand soil microbial changes in a natural regrowth succession of degraded pastures that were left for natural restoration, we studied changes in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) establish a mutualistic symbiosis with plants, improving plant nutrition. Amplification of the small subunit rRNA with specific primers and subsequent Illumina sequencing were used to search soil-borne AM fungal communities in four successional natural regrowth stages in two landscapes (hill and mountain) with soil differences, located in the Andean-Amazonian transition. Molecular results corroborated the results obtained previously by spores-dependent approaches. More abundance and virtual taxa of AMF exist in the soil of degraded pastures and early natural regrowth stages than in old-growth or mature forest soils. Although changes in AM fungal communities occurred similarly over the natural regrowth chronosequence, differences in soil texture between landscapes was an important soil feature differentiating AM fungal community composition and richness. Changes in soil-borne AM fungal communities reflect some signals of environmental restoration that had not been described before, such as the reduction of Glomus dominance and the increase of Paraglomus representativeness in the AM fungal community during the natural regrowth chronosequence.

scholarly journals Local Adaptation to Soil Hypoxia Determines the Structure of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community in Roots from Natural CO2Springs

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (14) ◽  
pp. 4770-4777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Maček ◽  
Alex J. Dumbrell ◽  
Michaela Nelson ◽  
Alastair H. Fitter ◽  
Dominik Vodnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Subunit Rrna ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Environmental Selection

ABSTRACTThe processes responsible for producing and maintaining the diversity of natural arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities remain largely unknown. We used natural CO2springs (mofettes), which create hypoxic soil environments, to determine whether a long-term, directional, abiotic selection pressure could change AM fungal community structure and drive the selection of particular AM fungal phylotypes. We explored whether those phylotypes that appear exclusively in hypoxic soils are local specialists or widespread generalists able to tolerate a range of soil conditions. AM fungal community composition was characterized by cloning, restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, and the sequencing of small subunit rRNA genes from roots of four plant species growing at high (hypoxic) and low (control) geological CO2exposure. We found significant levels of AM fungal community turnover (β diversity) between soil types and the numerical dominance of two AM fungal phylotypes in hypoxic soils. Our results strongly suggest that direct environmental selection acting on AM fungi is a major factor regulating AM fungal communities and their phylogeographic patterns. Consequently, some AM fungi are more strongly associated with local variations in the soil environment than with their host plant's distribution.

Two threatened coexisting indigenous conifer species in the dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia are associated with distinct arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Wubet ◽  
Michael Weiß ◽  
Ingrid Kottke ◽  
Franz Oberwinkler
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Afromontane Forests ◽  
Sequence Types

The molecular diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi colonizing roots of Podocarpus falcatus (Thunb.) R.Br. (Podocarpaceae) in the dry Afromontane forests of Ethiopia was investigated. The nuclear gene coding for small subunit ribosomal RNA (nucSSU rDNA) was amplified from colonized roots of P. falcatus, cloned, and sequenced using AM fungal specific primers. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the glomeromycetous sequences from mycorrhizae of P. falcatus belong to the Glomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, and Archaeosporaceae. Overall, 16 Glomus , three Diversispora , and one Archaeospora sequence types were identified. These sequence types were distinct and only distantly related to sequences from the available defined species. The composition of the AM fungal communities differed significantly between the two study sites. Comparison of the AM fungal community composition of P. falcatus with that of previously investigated Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl. (Cupressaceae), the only coexisting indigenous conifer tree species in the dry Afromontane forest ecosystem, yields that the two tree species are colonized by distinct AM fungal communities. This suggests that fungal communities are host plant specific in the natural stand conditions. Therefore, in the conservation of these endangered species and restoration of the degraded ecosystem, the use of appropriate mycorrhizal fungi should be taken into account in future projects.

scholarly journals Fungal community assembly in soils and roots under plant invasion and nitrogen deposition

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michala L. Phillips ◽  
S□ren E. Weber ◽  
Lela V. Andrews ◽  
Emma L. Aronson ◽  
Michael F. Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Rapid Changes

AbstractAbstract Fungal community composition in the Anthropocene is driven by rapid changes in environmental conditions caused by human activities. This study examines the relative importance of two global change drivers – atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition and annual grass invasion – on structuring fungal communities in a California chaparral ecosystem, with emphasis on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. We used molecular markers, functional groupings, generalized linear statistics and joint distribution modeling, to examine how environmental variables structure taxonomic and functional composition of fungal communities. Invasion of a chaparral ecosystem decreased richness and relative abundance of non-AMF symbionts and rhizophilic AMF (e.g. Glomeraceae) as well as the proportion of edaphophilic AMF (e.g. Gigasporaceae). We found increased richness and the proportion of rhizophilic and edaphophilic AMF with increasing soil NO3. Our findings suggest that invasive persistence may decrease the presence of multiple soil symbionts that native species depend on for pathogen protection and increased access to soil resources.

scholarly journals Metabarcoding of Soil Fungal Communities from Perturbed Areas Reveal Drive Role of Environmental Factors in Microbial Diversity of Colombian Andosols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAUL ALEXANDER ARANGUREN AROCA ◽  
Samuele Voyron ◽  
Fabrizio Ungaro ◽  
Julio Cañón ◽  
Erica Lumini
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Fungal Community Composition

Abstract Changes in soil fungal community caused by land use have not been sufficiently studied in South-American Andosols, considered globally as important food production areas. This study analyzed 26 soil samples of Andosols collected from locations devoted to conservation, agriculture and mining activities in the southeastern region of Antioquia, Colombia, to establish differences between fungal communities as indicators of the degree of soil perturbation. The study developed a novel heminested PCR with primers SSUmCf Mix, ITS4 and fITS7 to assess Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi detection in a Illumina MiSeq metabarcoding on nuclear ribosomal ITS2 region. A non-metric multidimensional scaling allowed exploring driver factors of fungal community changes, while fitted Dirichlet-multinomial models and PERMANOVA tests allowed identifying the correlations between alpha diversity indexes and community dissimilarities, as well as the significance of land use effects on fungal community composition. Furthermore, response ratios were determined to assess effect size by land use over relevant taxa. Results suggest a good coverage of fungal diversity with a detection of 10,529 high-quality ITS2 sequences belonged to phylum Glomeromycota. The analysis shows strong correlations of Shannon and Fisher indexes with dissimilarities on fungal communities among land uses (r=0.94), related to variations in temperature, air humidity and organic matter contents that lead to significant responses in abundances of relevant orders (such as Wallemiales and Trichosporonales). The study highlights the rich fungal biodiversity of the tropical Andosols, their specific sensitivities to environmental perturbation factors, and the useful range of a metabarcoding approach to characterize soil fungal communities.

Temporal dynamics of mycorrhizal fungal communities and co-associations with grassland plant communities following experimental manipulation of rainfall

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coline Deveautour ◽  
Sally Power ◽  
Kirk Barnett ◽  
Raul Ochoa-Hueso ◽  
Suzanne Donn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Rainfall Regimes

Climate models project overall a reduction in rainfall amounts and shifts in the timing of rainfall events in mid-latitudes and sub-tropical dry regions, which threatens the productivity and diversity of grasslands. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi may help plants to cope with expected changes but may also be impacted by changing rainfall, either via the direct effects of low soil moisture on survival and function or indirectly via changes in the plant community. In an Australian mesic grassland (former pasture) system, we characterised plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities every six months for nearly four years to two altered rainfall regimes: i) ambient, ii) rainfall reduced by 50% relative to ambient over the entire year and iii) total summer rainfall exclusion. Using Illumina sequencing, we assessed the response of AM fungal communities sampled from contrasting rainfall treatments and evaluated whether variation in AM fungal communities was associated with variation in plant community richness and composition. We found that rainfall reduction influenced the fungal communities, with the nature of the response depending on the type of manipulation, but that consistent results were only observed after more than two years of rainfall manipulation. We observed significant co-associations between plant and AM fungal communities on multiple dates. Predictive co-correspondence analyses indicated more support for the hypothesis that fungal community composition influenced plant community composition than vice versa. However, we found no evidence that altered rainfall regimes were leading to distinct co-associations between plants and AM fungi. Overall, our results provide evidence that grassland plant communities are intricately tied to variation in AM fungal communities. However, in this system, plant responses to climate change may not be directly related to impacts of altered rainfall regimes on AM fungal communities. Our study shows that AM fungal communities respond to changes in rainfall but that this effect was not immediate. The AM fungal community may influence the composition of the plant community. However, our results suggest that plant responses to altered rainfall regimes at our site may not be resulting via changes in the AM fungal communities.

scholarly journals Community Analysis of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Roots ofPoncirus trifoliataandCitrus reticulataBased on SSU rDNA

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Wang ◽  
Yin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Trifoliate Orange ◽  
Hyphal Length

Morphological observation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) species in rhizospheric soil could not accurately reflect the actual AMF colonizing status in roots, while molecular identification of indigenous AMF colonizing citrus rootstocks at present was rare in China. In our study, community of AMF colonizing trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliataL. Raf.) and red tangerine (Citrus reticulataBlanco) were analyzed based on small subunit of ribosomal DNA genes. Morphological observation showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, spore density, and hyphal length did not differ significantly between two rootstocks. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 173 screened AMF sequences clustered in at least 10 discrete groups (GLO1~GLO10), all belonging to the genus ofGlomusSensu Lato. Among them, GLO1 clade (clustering with uncultured Glomus) accounting for 54.43% clones was the most common in trifoliate orange roots, while GLO6 clade (clustering withGlomus intraradices) accounting for 35.00% clones was the most common in red tangerine roots. Although, Shannon-Wiener indices exhibited no notable differences between both rootstocks, relative proportions of observed clades analysis revealed that composition of AMF communities colonizing two rootstocks varied severely. The results indicated that native AMF species in citrus rhizosphere had diverse colonization potential between two different rootstocks in the present orchards.

scholarly journals Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fernández Bidondo ◽  
R. P. Colombo ◽  
M. Recchi ◽  
V. A. Silvani ◽  
M. Pérgola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fungal Specificity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Caryaillinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycotaphylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomuslamellosum, Funneliformismosseae and Entrophosporainfrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomusirregulare and other less abundant (Dominikiairanica, Dominikiaindica, Sclerocystissinuosa, Paraglomuslaccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.

Soil pH-induced changes in root colonization, diversity, and reproduction of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from healthy and declining maple forests

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1543-1554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew P Coughlan ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Line Lapointe ◽  
Yves Piché
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizas ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Spore Population

Acer saccharum Marsh. (sugar maple) is one of only few arbuscular mycorrhizal trees to form extensive stands in northern temperate biomes. Recent maple decline could result from altered intensity and quality of root colonization by associated mycobionts or possible shifts in symbiotic fungal community composition following environmental stresses. In this study the effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi of soil acidification, one of several proposed causal stresses underlying forest decline, and remedial liming were investigated under glasshouse conditions. Acer saccharum seedlings were grown in unsterilized, pH altered, forest soils from healthy and declining maple stands. Over a range of treatment pHs normally tolerated by A. saccharum, fungal populations and responses to pH changes differed between the two soils. The declining site with more acidic soil had an initially larger spore population but lower taxonomic diversity than the healthy site. However, liming stimulated sporulation of several taxa initially apparently absent from the declining site spore population. The quantity of colonization generally increased with pH for both sites. Five Glomus taxa and Scutellospora calospora (Nicol. & Gerd.) Walker & Sanders are added to the list of fungi known to form arbuscular mycorrhizas with A. saccharum, and the known range of Acaulospora cavernata Blaszkowski is extended from Poland to eastern North America.

Biology and ecology of mycoparasitism

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1284-1290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Ecology ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Fungicolous Fungi ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
The Relationship

The term mycoparasitism applies strictly to those relationships in which one living fungus acts as a nutrient source for another, but fungicolous relationships may also be included in which nutrient exchange has not been shown. Fungicolous fungi have a constant but indeterminate association with another fungus, and it can be difficult to demonstrate a true parasitic relationship. Mycoparasitic relationships can be necrotrophic or biotrophic, and can be classified on the basis of the host–parasite interface as contact necrotrophs, invasive necrotrophs, haustorial biotrophs, intracellular biotrophs, or fusion biotrophs depending on the intimacy of the relationship. In natural ecosystems, it is proposed that mycoparasitic relationships play an important role in the development of fungal communities. Two specific examples have been chosen to illustrate the general principles of mycoparasitism: the necrotrophic invasion of spores of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the biotrophic invasion of mucoralean hosts by haustorial mycoparasites. Key words: mycoparasitism, fungicolous fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, fungal ecology.

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