scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term Storage on Alfalfa Leaf and Stem Silage Characteristics

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Miranda C. Sikora ◽  
Ronald D. Hatfield ◽  
Kenneth F. Kalscheur
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Term Storage

Fractionation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) into leaves and stems can reduce cutting frequency while producing a high-value feedstuff. A difficulty with fractionation is the higher moisture content at ensiling due to the inability to wilt leaves without substantial dry matter loss or financial cost. To evaluate whether the silage quality of fractionated alfalfa is competitive with conventional methods under long-term storage conditions, high-moisture leaves (250–280 g·kg−1 dry matter, DM) and stems (190–240 g·kg−1 DM) were ensiled for 21 and 350 days and compared to wilted whole-plant silage for two alfalfa developmental stages. At 21 days, leaf and whole-plant silage fermentation characteristics indicated suitable lactic acid bacterial fermentation through decreased pH, high lactic acid–to-acetic acid ratio, and a lack of clostridial fermentation. At 350 days, leaf silage fermentation and nutritional quality decreased due to sustained proteolysis, but true protein still exceeded that of whole-plant silage. High-moisture stem fractions fermented poorly; at 21 days, stage 3 stems had significant amounts of butyric acid, while stage 5 stems became clostridial at 350 days. Long-term storage of high-moisture leaf silages can produce good-quality silage despite exceeding moisture contents typically recommended for alfalfa, while wilting is required for stem silages.

PSII-14 Inclusion of popcorn and crawfish shells as components in non-feedstock silage production

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 320-321
Author(s):  
Lauren P Bielamowicz ◽  
Jennifer A Keele ◽  
Lauren M Nix ◽  
William B Smith
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Silage Fermentation ◽  
Dietary Requirements ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract As the future of agricultural sciences, it is imperative that student scientists seek to investigate alternatives to help improve production by lowering costs while meeting dietary requirements, increasing output, and maintaining sustainability. Anthropogenic waste as potential feedstock, we are engaging in an innovative wave of agricultural research. While previous research in our laboratory has evaluated newspaper, waste popcorn, and crawfish shells as feedstock, their potential for ensiling represents an alternative avenue for upcycling and long-term storage. The objective of this experiment was to determine the optimum concentrations of newspaper, waste popcorn, and crawfish shells for ideal silage fermentation. This experiment was conducted as a Box-Wilson composite design with four replications. Prescribed amounts of shredded newspaper, ground crawfish shells and heads, and waster popcorn were thoroughly mixed, and water and inoculant were added to achieve 25% dry matter. Central points for popcorn were 35.5, 1.3, 35.5, and 1.3% dry matter, respectively, for grain silage, grass silage, high combination, and low combination. Central points for crawfish were 4.0, 6.4, 4.0, and 6.4% dry matter, respectively, for grain silage, grass silage, high combination, and low combination. Samples were sealed using a food-grade sealer and allowed to ferment for 35 d. A subsample was frozen for assay of pH and silage acids. The remaining sample was dried at 55°C, ground, and assayed for NDF, ADF, CP, and IVTD. Across block, there was no effect of crawfish or popcorn inclusion on NDF (P ≥ 0.09; μ = 74%), ADF (P ≥ 0.24; μ = 60%), or IVTD (P ≥ 0.12; μ = 35%). Results are interpreted to mean that these feed ingredients may be used in non-feedstock silage production, but its usefulness to livestock production is questionable.

Nutrient losses in cereal and pasture hays stored in three types of hay packages in the open in two environments

1985 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Cochrane ◽  
RB Wickes
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Losses ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Large Round ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Lower Medium

Cereal and pasture hays, cut at the same site, were packaged into medium-sized round bales, large round bales and stacks. Halfthe number of each hay type and of each hay package were stored in the open for up to 15 months in a 500 mm rainfall area and half were transported to and stored for up to 15 months in a 1000 mm rainfall area. Densities of the pasture hay packages were within the manufacturers' specified ranges but those of the cereal hay packages were lower. Medium-sized round bales were less dense than large round bales and weathered more than large round bales and stacks after 10 and 15 months storage. Cereal hay packages deteriorated more than pasture hay packages with long-term storage. Medium-sized round bales lost more dry matter than large round bales after storage over the winter and more digestible dry matter over this period and after long-term storage. They also lost more crude protein than large round bales when stored over the first summer and over the following winter. It was economic to store all packages in the open over the first summer. It was uneconomic to store medium-sized round bales in the open over the following winter, while storage of large round bales and stacks was economic. For long-term storage, it was uneconomic to store any of the hay packages in the open, and storage under cover would have to be considered.

Physical Properties and Volatile Composition Changes of Cooked Sausages Stuffed in a New Casing Formulation Based in Surfactants and Lactic Acid During Long-Term Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Hui Feng ◽  
Cheng Li ◽  
Juan Francisco García-Martín ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Malakar ◽  
Yue Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Composition Changes ◽  
Term Storage

scholarly journals Тhe quality of potatoes affects consumer properties of processed foods

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-103
Author(s):  
A. A. Molyavko ◽  
A. V. Marukhlenko ◽  
N. P. Borisova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Term Storage

Experimental studies have shown that with an increased level of mineral nutrition (N120P180K240) all varieties increased the yield (by 1.7–4.1 tons/ha, or by 10–25%), while the most productive varieties being Bryansky Nadezhny, Bryanskaya Novinka, Slava Bryanshchiny (21.9–22.9 tons/ha). In terms of dry substances content almost all varieties met the requirements of processing, which called for for a dry substance level in tubers of at least 20–24%. With an increase in the dose of fertilizers the amount of starch and dry matter in tubers decreased. On an average background, the starch content compared to the control decreased by 0.7–1.1%, dry substances — by 0.7– 1.2%, on an increased background respectively — by 1.2–1.7%, dry substances — by 1.4–2.7%. The taste of potatoes on an increased background of fertilizers worsened regardless of variety. In terms of darkening of the flesh, raw cleaned tubers of all varieties are not suitable for long-term storage (for example, for 24 hours), while boiled tubers of all varieties did not reduce the quality. Growing potatoes on an increased background of mineral nutrition increased the darkening of raw tubers of the studied varieties compared to control. In the studied varieties the content of reducing sugars in many cases exceeded the amount allowed for the manufacture of crispy potatoes, and therefore its quality was reduced, mainly due to the color of the slices. Almost all varieties gave puree of good quality. An increase in the background of fertilizers slightly worsened the consistency of puree, which reduced the overall estimate.

INVESTIGATION OF VARIOUS WAYS TO STABILIZE LACTIC ACID BACTERIA CELLS DURING LONG-TERM STORAGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Yu. Nikolaev ◽  
R. Ulanova ◽  
I. Shakir ◽  
A. Khreptugova
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacterium ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Various methods of stabilizing the cells of the lactic acid bacterium Enterococcus faecium during long-term storage were studied. It is shown that the long-term survival of E. faecium is promoted by the addition of Enterosgel, Polysorb, the use of LB substratum, as well as their immobilization in humic-silanol gel.

scholarly journals Profiles of 67Cu in blood, bile, urine and faeces from 67Cu-primed lambs: effect of 99Mo-labelled tetrathiomolybdate on the metabolism of 67Cu after long-term storage

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Gooneratne ◽  
B. Laarveld ◽  
R. K. Chaplin ◽  
D. A. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Storage Compartment ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

1. The effectiveness of tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) in the removal of 67Cu from the long-term storage compartment in liver was studied. Lambs receiving 5 mg Cu/kg dry matter (DM) or 35 mg Cu/kg DM were primed intravenously (iv) with 67Cu and challenged 10 d later with 99Mo-labelled TTM given either iv or intraduodenally (id). The profiles of 67Cu and 99Mo and of Cu and Mo with time were measured in blood, bile, urine and faeces.2. The level of dietary Cu affected the amplitude of profiles of 67Cu and Cu in blood, bile and urine after administration of 99Mo-labelled TTM. TTM administration increased liver Cu removal and this was most marked in sheep given TTM iv. The liver Cu removal from the long-term storage Cu compartment was low and was not affected by the route of administration of TTM. Endogenous Cu excretion was higher in lambs given TTM id.3. Excretion of 67Cu in bile through the transhepatocellular pathway after TTM administration appeared absent, while the transbiliary and hepatolysosomal pathways were operative. The potential reasons for this change are discussed.4. TTM predominantly enhances the removal of Cu from the short-term storage compartment, but effects on the long-term storage compartment may still be of significance.

scholarly journals Relationship between dry matter content at harvest and maturity index and post-harvest quality of ‘Fuji’ apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo José Vieira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Argenta ◽  
James Peter Mattheis ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cristiano André Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the relationship between dry matter content (DMC) and maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apple fruit sports (‘Mishima’, ‘Fuji Select’ and ‘Fuji Suprema’) during the final stage of fruit growth, and the relationship between DMC at harvest and the post-harvest fruit quality. Fruit were harvested from orchards of three regions (Caçador, São Joaquim and Vacaria), on two rootstocks (M9 and Marubakaido with M9 interstock). In experiment 1 (2014), fruit were periodically sampled beginning 83 days before the commercial harvest period. In experiment 2, fruit were harvested at optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in air at 0.5 ºC (2014) or after optimum maturity for long-term storage and stored in controlled atmosphere at 0.7 ºC (2014 and 2015). Apple fruit maturity on the tree was characterized by decreased flesh firmness and increased starch index and soluble solids content (SS) and by a small change in DMC. DMC at harvest was correlated with flesh firmness and SS in one of two years, but DMC was not correlated with the incidence of disorders after storage. The results show that DMC at harvest is not suitable as a maturity index of ‘Fuji’ apples, and its use as a post-harvest quality predictor is not consistent between crop years.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Controlled Atmosphere on Ethylene Synthesis and Quality Attributes of Avocado cvs. Edranol and Fuerte

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniela Olivares ◽  
Edgard Alvarez ◽  
Daniela Véliz ◽  
Miguel García-Rojas ◽  
Camila Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Controlled Atmosphere ◽  
Ethylene Synthesis ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Early Harvest ◽  
Term Storage

Avocado production worldwide relies on several varieties, with “Hass” being the most commercialized; however, the available genotypes include a number of green-skin varieties with important roles in several countries. Because many technologies have already been developed in “Hass” avocado, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of controlled atmosphere (CA) storage and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application during long-term storage of “Edranol” and “Fuerte” avocados. Fruits of both varieties were harvested at two maturity stages: an early harvest close to 20–23% dry matter (DM) content and another after two months, with 22% and 32% DM content for Edranol and Fuerte, respectively. After harvest, the fruit was stored under the following conditions: (i) regular air storage (RA), (ii) CA with 4% O2 and 6% CO2, and (iii) 1-MCP applied at 300 ppm. Avocados were stored at 5°C and 85% relative humidity. Physiological and quality evaluations were performed immediately after 30 and 50 days; afterwards, the avocados were maintained at 20°C (shelf life) until they reached the ready-to-eat stage. Ethylene synthesis was assessed by measuring the transcript accumulation of the ACO and ACS genes. The two varieties showed distinct respiration and ethylene production rates during ripening, and fruit stored under CA or after application of 1-MCP showed lower respiration rates than fruit stored under RA, with the lowest rate in 1-MCP-treated avocados. ACS and ACO transcript levels were also lower under both conditions. CA and 1-MCP were very effective tools for extending storage life mainly by reducing the fruit softening rate and the incidence of pulp disorders in both varieties, and interestingly, these techniques did not severely affect the days to reach the ready-to-eat stage. Therefore, the use of CA and 1-MCP technologies in “Fuerte” and “Edranol” seems to be suitable for maintaining quality through 50 days of storage.

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