scholarly journals The Effect of Titanium Organic Complex on Pollination Process and Fruit Development of Apple cv. Topaz

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2591
Author(s):  
Monika Bieniasz ◽  
Anna Konieczny
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Development ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Organic Complex ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Flowering Process ◽  
Pollination And Fertilization

Optimal weather conditions are necessary for the proper course of the flowering process and high activity of pollinators, which is the most important factor affecting pollination. Because weather conditions do not always favour effective pollination and because pollinators’ activities are decreasing, the application of compound stimulating pollination and fertilization may be a good perspective for increasing yield. Titanium is considered a beneficial element for plants. Preliminary studies have indicated the positive effect of titanium organic complex on pollen adhesion to the stigma and pollen germination on the stigma of tomato and cucumber. Therefore, a 2-year experiment was designed to determine the effect of titanium organic complex application on the pollination process and fruit development of apple cv. Topaz (Malus domestica Borkh.) The experiment demonstrated the positive effect of titanium organic complex on fertilization of ovules because of effective pollination, seed setting, and fruit development of apple. Application of titanium organic complex improved pollen adhesion to the stigma and pollen germination on the stigma. In addition, titanium organic complex increased the number of pollen tubes growing through the pistil style, which resulted in fertilization that was more effective, as confirmed by the higher number of seeds set in fruits. Higher numbers of seeds set in fruits positively affected their weight and size. Therefore, fruit harvested from trees to which titanium organic complex was applied were characterized by greater weight, length, and diameter compared to fruits obtained from the trees to which titanium organic complex was not applied.

scholarly journals Preliminary observations on the flowering and seed production of the thistle Carlina onopordifolia Besser

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Poznańska ◽  
Ludwik Spiss
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Unfavorable Effect ◽  
Bad Weather

The paper deals with the flowering and seed production of thistle <em>Carlina onopordifolia</em> Besser, one of the rarest species in the flora of Poland. Bad weather conditions and shading were found to exert an unfavorable effect on the flowering, fruiting and seed viability. Isolation of the inflorescences had a similar influence, however it did not prevent seed setting. The results obtained including the lack of pollen germination on the stigma and the lack of pollen tubes in the styles, give the basis for supposition that <em>Carlina onopordifolia</em> reproduces apomictically.

Chemicals, Timing, and Environmental Factors Involved in Thinner Efficacy

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 553c-553
Author(s):  
Duane W. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Warm Temperature ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fall Application

Chemical thinning of apples may be done over a 3- to 4-week period, starting at bloom and extending through the time fruit are 20 mm or larger in diameter. Potentially useful thinners at bloom include ammonium thiosulfate, Wilthin, endothall, and pelargonic acid. These thinners reduce set by preventing pollination, inhibiting pollen germination, or slowing pollen tube growth. Ethephon can be an effective thinner at bloom, but it is erratic. Petal fall application of thinners has become widely adopted by the industry, primarily because it reduces risks associated with one time thinner application, routinely done in the past. Carbaryl is often the thinner of choice at this time, but where more aggressive thinning is desired, NAA is used either alone or in combinations with carbaryl. Naphthale-neacetamide is effective when used at bloom but it less frequently used. Apple fruitlets are very vulnerable to the stress imposed by chemical thinners at the 8- to 12-mm stage of fruit development. NAA and Accel are particularly effective at this time, but carbaryl is frequently used because of its mild thinning action and its ability to reduce clustered spurs to one fruit. Unless weather conditions after bloom have been cool, effective thinning after the 18-mm stage of fruit development is less effective. Although erratic, ethephon is the most effective thinner on large fruit. Warm temperature during and following thinner application favor thinner uptake and response. Longer spray drying times favor thinner uptake into the plant. Environmental influences and interactions influencing thinning will be discussed.

Differentiation of reproductive traits between central and peripheral populations of Allium wallichii Kunth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanqing Tang ◽  
Demei Hu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
Mengda Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Peripheral Population ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Central Population ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Seed Setting Rate

The differentiation of reproductive characteristics not only exists between different populations, but also may exist within populations. In this work, the differences between the central and peripheral populations were experimentally compared and analyzed in terms of biodiversity index, plant traits, anthesis, pollen germination, floral visitors, seed setting rate, and ploidy. The results showed that the diversity and richness of other plant species, in the central population were significantly lower than those in the peripheral population, but the plant density was much higher than in the peripheral population. The plant anatomical traits, anthesis, pollen germination, floral visitors, seed setting rate, and ploidy were significantly different between central population and peripheral populations. The term increasing rate (IR) is proposed as a means of comparing morphologies in different organs. IR differences in vegetative characteristics were more stable, while those in reproductive characteristics differed significantly. For the central population, the effect of the intraspecific reproductive competition and pollinator selection on plants may significant, and morphology was differentiated in terms of reproductive characteristics. Plants in the peripheral populations were visited by many more pollinators than in the central population, and all pollinators visited infrequently. The reproductive characteristics of plants in the peripheral populations may therefore only be weakly affected by pollinator selection. The reproductive characteristics of plants in the peripheral population may weakly affected by the selection of pollinators and the variation was small. In conclusion, morphological differentiation among the different populations was associated with differences in vegetative and reproductive characteristics.

scholarly journals Variability and correlations of economically valuable traits in cowpea from the VIR collection in the environments of Astrakhan provincer

2019 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
M. V. Gurkina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Seed Maturation ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Background. The problem of a deficit in vegetable protein and the need to diversify agricultural produce require involvement of new and little-known crops, such as cowpea, in the production. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) is a high-protein leguminous crop; its breeding and production have been intensified in Russia only in recent years. The study of the VIR collection, carried out at the Institute’s branch in Astrakhan, makes it possible to disclose the crop’s breeding potential. Objective: Studying the range of variability and tracing the relationships of economically valuable traits in vegetable (green pod) cowpea under the conditions of Astrakhan Province.Materials and methods. In 2008‑2010, a study was implemented at an experiment plot of the Astrakhan branch of VIR. Thirty- three accessions of green pod cowpea from the VIR collection were studied to analyze the variability of 12 phenotypic traits. Positive and negative correlations were identified between the following characters: interphase periods (flowering, industrial ripeness and seed maturation), shape of the shrub, lengths of the stem and to the first pod, length and weight of the pod, number of seeds per pod, presence of a parchment layer and fiber in pod valves, pod yield per plant, number of pods and peduncles, seed weight per plant, and weight of 1000 seeds.Results and conclusion. Medium variability was observed for such characters as the interphase periods ‘shoots–industrial ripeness’ and ‘shoots– seed maturation’, number of seeds per pod, and weight of 1000 seeds: the coefficient of variation (CV) was 15‑18%. High variation was registered for the length and weight of the pod (CV = 26‑32%), shrub shape, stem length, and length of the stem up to the first pod (CV = 35‑37%). The widest ranges of variability were demonstrated in the quantitative yield characters of cowpea accessions: number of pods per plant (CV = 33‑49%), number of flower stalks (CV = 38‑51%), and seed weight per plant (CV = 38‑44%), which means that cowpea yield is quite susceptible to weather conditions. During the three years of studying, the lowest levels of variability in economically valuable traits were characteristic of the accessions of the early-ripening group: k‑668 and k‑873 (China); mid- ripening group: k‑971 (India); and late-ripening group: k‑141 (China). Cowpea pod productivity depended to the greatest degree from mean values of the number of pods per plant (r = 0,73) and the number of peduncles (r = 0,71). The identified correlations in the productivity components make it possible to optimize the selection of accessions promising as source materials for the development of new high-yielding cultivars.

scholarly journals Biology of Flowering, Fruit and Viability of Pollen of Varieties and Forms of Quince Cultivated on the Territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
L. Bayramov
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Fertility ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Autonomous Republic

Abstract. The zones of distribution of varieties and forms of quince on the territory of the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic have been established, phenological observations have been carried out, their flowering and fruiting have been studied. On the territory of the Autonomous Republic, flowering of varieties and forms of quince begins in the second decade of April, depending on the distribution zone, with an average daily temperature of 12–13 °C and lasts 12–13 days, depending on weather conditions. Each flower has 10–12 stamens arranged in one row. The article also studied the viability of pollen in a number of quince varieties. Pollen viability was studied in the varieties Sary, Tursh, Ordubad, Gara and wild forms. Pollen fertility was determined by staining with acetocarmine. Pollen germinates in 2–5–10–15 and 20% glucose solution. Counting of germinated pollen grains was carried out under a microscope. The study showed that of all the experimental varieties, the pollen fertility of the Sary quince and Tursh quince varieties is high (up to 96.6–97.1%). The best medium for the germination of quince pollen is a 10–15% glucose solution. Pollen germination in this solution reaches 47.4–88.0%. In distilled water (control), the germination of quince pollen reached from 9.7% to 35.6% for varieties. Quince pollen remains viable for 31–43 days.

scholarly journals ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN EFISIENSI PRODUKSI USAHATANI RUMPUT LAUT DI KOTA KENDARI

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Azwir Azwir ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo ◽  
Any Suryantini
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Number Of Seeds

This study aims to determine the factors that influence the production of seaweedfarming, the level of efficient use of production factors, the factors that affect the efficiency of production and determine thefeasibility of seaweed farming financially. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis and financial feasibility. The results showed that the factors of production (input)positive effect on production and productivity of seaweed in Kendari is widely kavlingan, number of seeds, the level of education and dummy location. For the analysis of the level of technical efficiency (I'ER) with an average value of 1.0001 indicates that the utilization of thefactors of production (input) by seaweed farmers in Kendari is efficient. Allocative efficiency analysis results (efficiency rates) kavlingan widely variable, labor and variable number of seeds not be located efficiently (inefficiently). From the calculationof profit using investment eligibility criteria NPV, IRR , and B/C ratio in the know that seaweedfarming profitable and worth the effort or developed.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk.mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani rumput laut, tingkat efisien penggunaan faktor produksi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi produksi serta mengetahui kelayakan usahatani rumput laut secara tinansial. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda dan kelayakan fmansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor produksi (input) yang perpengaruh positif terhadap produksi dan produktivitas rumput laut di Kota Kendari adalah luas kavlingan, jumlah bibit, tingkat pendidikan dan dummy lokasi. Untuk. hasil analisis tingkat efisiensi teknis (TER) dengan nilai rata-rata 1,0001 menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan faIstor-faktorproduksi (input) oleh petani rumput laut di Kota Kendari sudah efisien. HasH analisis efisiensi alokatif (efisiensi harga) variabelluas kavlingan, tenaga kerja dan variabeljumlah bibit belum dilokasikan secara efisien (tidak efisien). Dari hasil perhitungan keuntungan dengan menggunakan kriteria kelayakan investasi NPV, IRR, dan B/C Ratio di ketahui bahwa usahatani rumput laut menguntungkan dan layak diusahakan atau dikembangkan.

Effect of laser priming on canola yield and its components under salt stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mohammadi ◽  
F. Shekari ◽  
R. Fotovat ◽  
A. Darudi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Lateral Branches ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Pod Number ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Effect of laser priming on canola yield and its components under salt stressThe effect of laser priming at different irradiation times on canola yield and its components under saline conditions were investigated. The results showed that laser priming had a positive effect on yield and its components and caused yield increase under saline conditions. Increase in salt levels had a negative and significant effect on seed yield, number of seeds per pod, number of pod per plant, pod length and plant height. The results showed that 45-min laser priming had the strongest effect on yield and yield components and reduced significantly the adverse effects of salinity. By contrast, laser radiation applied for 60 and 75 min, resulted in a dramatic decrease in yield and its components. Correlation coefficients between the attributes showed that canola yield had a positive and significant correlation with plant height, number of seeds, pod per main branch and lateral branches, length of pod and number of lateral branches. Effects of laser and salinity were significant on lateral branch pod length but not on main branch pods.

EFFECTS OF BORON AND CALCIUM SPRAYS AND OF MULCH ON CRACKING OF ITALIAN PRUNE

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. CLINE ◽  
G. TEHRANI
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fruit Surface

Cracking, a disorder of the fruit of Prunus domestica L., cult Italian (Fellenberg) (Italian prune), occurs on any part of the fruit surface and over a wide range of stage of fruit development. Several treatments were examined to reduce the extent of this disorder in five commercial orchards in the Niagara Peninsula of Ontario. Foliar application of calcium reduced the severity of cracking in several orchards. Cracking was related to the calcium concentration in the fruit but not in the leaf tissue. A mulch applied to conserve soil moisture, or foliar sprays of boron, or both, were unsuccessful in preventing this disorder. The severity of cracking varied from orchard to orchard and year to year and was not related to weather conditions.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF THE PREPARATION ROSTMOMENT ON SUNFLOWER CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE RIGHT-BANK

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-28
Author(s):  
Ivan Polishchuk ◽  
Mykhailo Polishchuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
The Right ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Formation Phase

The results of the use of a yeast preparation on sunflower crops for 2016-2017 have been presented. A positive effect of the researched preparation on the growth and development of sunflower crops of the Neoma hybrid has been established. The preparation Rostmoment increased the height of sunflower plants with a single treatment by 6 cm, and with a two-time treatment of crops by 11 cm, the diameter of the baskets increased by 2.0 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively, against untreated crops. The mass of thousand achenes has been increased by 0.7 g with a single treatment and 2.2 g with a double treatment. The oil content during one-time processing in the basket formation phase was 50.7%, when used twice in the phase of flowering, 51.9%, while in the control its content was 49.2%. Weather conditions in the years of the study significantly affected the productivity of the sunflower of Neom hybrid, especially in terms of moisture supply, and the best conditions for the study of the crop were in 2016, where 209 mm fell during the growing season. precipitation with a uniform distribution. The temperature regime of air on average over the period of sunflower vegetation was 16.5 ºС. The weather conditions of 2017 significantly differed in the amount of precipitation, their distribution and temperature regime, versus 2016. Thus, in 2017, 374 mm of rain fell in the form of prolonged and heavy rainfall, which were unevenly distributed over the decades and months. Such weather conditions caused alternation of excessive moisture and drought during certain periods of growth and development of sunflower plants of the Neoma hybrid, while the average air temperature was 16.2° C. Under such extreme conditions of vegetation periods in the years of research, on average for two years, the yield of sunflower seeds on an untreated experiment was 3.32 t / ha and oil yield 1.64 t / ha. The 2016 yield was slightly higher, 3.43 t / ha and an oil yield of 1.43 t / ha. The use of Rostmoment during a one-time treatment in the basket formation phase led to an increase in yield over two years, which amounted to 3.63 t / ha, and in 2016 - 3.82 t / ha. The use of the studied drug even in the phase of the beginning of flowering contributed to an increase in the yield of seeds in two years to 3.89 t / ha, and in a more favourable 2016 - 4.02 t / ha. The average oil yield per hectare over two years for a one-time treatment of plants was 1.87 t / ha, and for a two-time treatment it was 2.02 t / ha, whereas in 2016 these figures were respectively 1.96 and 2.11 t / ha. The research having been conducted for two years indicated the positive effect of the yeast preparation Rostmoment on sunflower crops, which positively influenced the growth and development of the crops and increased the productivity of the Neoma hybrid in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The obtained results are of practical value and can be used by producers in the development and application of technologies for the cultivation of sunflower for increasing the productivity of crops and the ecological state of the agroecosystem. The preparation Rostmoment must be introduced into vegetation plants in the basket formation phase and in the phase of the beginning of the sunflowers’ blossoming, normally 4 kg per 300 l of water per 1 ha of sowing. Key words: sunflower, hybrid, Rostmoment, plant height, basket diameter, oil content, yield, weight of 1000 seeds, oil yield.

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