scholarly journals Status of Wheat Rust Research and Progress in Rust Management-Indian Context

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash C. Bhardwaj ◽  
Gyanendra P. Singh ◽  
Om P. Gangwar ◽  
Pramod Prasad ◽  
Subodh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Wheat Rusts

The rusts of wheat, caused by three species of Puccinia, are very devastating diseases and are major biotic constraints in efforts to sustain wheat production worldwide. Their capacity to spread aerially over long distances, rapid production of infectious uredospores, and abilities to evolve new pathotypes, makes the management of wheat pathogens a very challenging task. The development and deployment of resistant wheat varieties has proven to be the most economic, effective and efficient means of managing rust diseases. Rust resistance used in wheat improvement has included sources from the primary gene pool as well as from species distantly related to wheat. The 1BL/1RS translocation from cereal rye was used widely in wheat breeding, and for some time provided resistance to the wheat leaf rust, stripe rust, and stem rust pathogens conferred by genes Lr26, Yr9, and Sr31, respectively. However, the emergence of virulence for all three genes, and stripe rust resistance gene Yr27, has posed major threats to the cultivation of wheat globally. To overcome this threat, efforts are going on worldwide to monitor rust diseases, identify rust pathotypes, and to evaluate wheat germplasm for rust resistance. Anticipatory breeding and the responsible deployment of rust resistant cultivars have proven to be effective strategies to manage wheat rusts. Efforts are still however being made to decipher the recurrence of wheat rusts, their epidemiologies, and new genomic approaches are being used to break the yield barriers and manage biotic stresses such as the rusts. Efficient monitoring of pathotypes of Puccinia species on wheat, identification of resistance sources, pre-emptive breeding, and strategic deployment of rust resistant wheat cultivars have been the key factors to effective management of wheat rusts in India. The success in containing wheat rusts in India can be gauged by the fact that we had no wheat rust epiphytotic for nearly last five decades. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the wheat rust research conducted in India.

scholarly journals Impact of Stripe Rust Resistance Alleles on Wheat Grain Yield Using Landraces and Improved Accessions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ElBasyoni IS ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Stripe rust is one of the most devastating biotic stresses to cause grain yield losses in wheat. In the current study, 227 imported accessions, and six widely grown modern cultivars (Sids14, Sids12, Misr1, Misr2, Giza171, and Gimmiza9), were used. All plant materials were planted in the field and evaluated for stripe rust resistance and grain yield. Five Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers Xpsp3000, Xbarc8, Xgwm419, Xwmc44, and Xbarc32, respectively, are associated with five essential stripe rust resistance genes Yr10, Yr15, Yr26, Yr29, and Yr59, were also used. The results indicated a highly positive and significant correlation between grain yield and stripe rust resistance. Furthermore, as the number of stripe rust resistance alleles increased, both grain yield and stripe rust resistance increased. Out of the 233 accessions used, 11 accessions were found to contain the five resistance genes. The identified resistant accessions could be used as a gene source to enhance stripe rust resistance in wheat breeding programs. SSR markers used in the current study effectively capture a substantial part of the phenotypic variation caused by stripe rust. Thus, these five markers could be used effectively in marker-assisted selection for stripe rust resistance.

Advances in identifying stripe rust resistance genes in cereals

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-80
Author(s):  
Tianheng Ren ◽  
◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Feiquan Tan ◽  
Cheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Wheat Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes ◽  
Yr Genes

Stripe rust is one of the most serious wheat diseases of the world, usually resulting in massive loss of grain production. The most effective and environmentally friendly way to control the spread of stripe rust is to plant wheat varieties that carry stripe rust resistance genes. The identification and utilization of stripe rust resistance genes is very important for achieving this goal. This chapter summarizes the hazards of stripe rust and the current progress in the discovery of stripe rust resistance genes. It also introduces the advanced methods to identify Yr genes. The chapter also shows the successful application of Yr genes in wheat breeding program in southwestern China, which is the largest epidemic area of stripe rust in the world. The further identification and applications of Yr genes are also discussed.

Wheat Rusts

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA McIntosh ◽  
CR Wellings ◽  
RF Park
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Chromosome Location ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Pathogen Variation ◽  
The World ◽  
Wheat Rust ◽  
Wheat Rusts

Although stem rust has been controlled by means of resistant cultivars, leaf and stripe rust continue as problems for many growing areas of the world. Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes has been prepared by specialists from one of the leading international laboratories, and illustrates with colour photographs typical resistance phenotypes associated with most known genes for resistance to the three rust diseases of wheat. Relevant details for each gene include chromosome location, aspects of genetics and pathogen variation, the effects of environment on expression, origin, availability in genetic and breeding stocks, and use in agriculture. This atlas includes an introduction to host:pathogen genetics, methodologies for wheat rust research and breeding for resistance.

scholarly journals Physical Location of New Stripe Rust Resistance Gene(s) and PCR-Based Markers on Rye (Secale cereale L.) Chromosome 5 Using 5R Dissection Lines

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xi ◽  
Zongxiang Tang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Shulan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance Gene ◽  
Secale Cereale L

The rye (Secale cereale L.) 5R chromosome contains some elite genes that can be used to improve wheat cultivars. In this study, a set of 5RKu dissection lines was obtained, and 111 new PCR-based and 5RKu-specific markers were developed using the specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) method. The 111 markers were combined with the 52 5RKu-specific markers previously reported, and 65 S. cereale Lo7 scaffolds were physically mapped to six regions of the 5RKu chromosome using the 5RKu dissection lines. Additionally, the 5RLKu arm carried stripe rust resistance gene(s) and it was located to the region L2, the same region where 22 5RKu-specific markers and 11 S. cereale Lo7 scaffolds were mapped. The stripe rust resistance gene(s) located in the 5RLKu arm might be new one(s) because its source and location are different from the previously reported ones, and it enriches the resistance source of stripe rust for wheat breeding programs. The markers and the S. cereale Lo7 scaffolds that were mapped to the six regions of the 5RKu chromosome can facilitate the utilization of elite genes on the 5R chromosome in the improvement of wheat cultivars.

scholarly journals Selection of Pyramided Barley Advanced Lines for Stripe Rust, Leaf Rust and Crown Rust Diseases Using Molecular Markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
Resham B. Amgai ◽  
Shreejan Pokharel ◽  
Sumitra Pantha ◽  
Atit Parajuli ◽  
Sudeep Subedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Barley Variety ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Barley diseases are the major yield limiting factors for barley cultivation in Nepal. Stripe/Yellow rust (P. striformis f.sp. hordei and P. striformis f.sp. tritici), leaf rust (Puccinia hordei), and crown rust (P. coronata) are the major rust diseases in Nepal. Pyramiding resistance genes against all these rust diseases are possible through molecular marker assisted breeding. Sweden originated barley variety ‘Bonus’ is found resistant to stripe rust and having linked microsatellite markers for stripe rust and crown rust resistance. Similarly, Nepalese hull-less barley variety ‘Solu Uwa’ and Nepalese awn-less barley landrace NPGR Acc# 2478 have linked microsatellite markers for leaf rust resistance. Therefore, one polymorphic sequence tagged sites (STS) marker (ABG054) for stripe rust resistance, two polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers (Bmac0144h and HVM049) for leaf rust and one polymorphic SSR marker (Bmag0006) for crown rust resistance were used to select the advanced barley lines (at F8 stage) from above parents. Field screening of stripe rust resistance was also conducted. Among 51 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/Solu Uwa cross, we have selected 10 pyramided lines for all three types of barley rust resistance. Similarly, among 39 advanced and field disease resistance lines from Bonus/NPGR Acc#2478 cross we have selected three pyramided lines and advanced for further yield testing for general cultivation purpose. The chances of losing the desired gene are high in late generation selection using molecular marker assisted selection (MAS); but the chances of getting agronomically superior varietal output will also increase.

scholarly journals Characterization of Leaf Rust and Stripe Rust Resistance in Spring Wheat ‘Chilero’

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Ponce-Molina ◽  
J. Huerta-Espino ◽  
R. P. Singh ◽  
B. R. Basnet ◽  
G. Alvarado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Resistance Locus ◽  
Resistance Qtls ◽  
Rust Diseases

Since 1984, the ‘Chilero’ spring wheat line developed by CIMMYT has proven to be highly resistant to leaf rust and stripe rust. Amid efforts to understand the basis of resistance of this line, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Avocet and Chilero was studied. The parents and RILs were characterized in field trials for leaf rust and stripe rust in three locations in Mexico between 2012 and 2015 and genotyped with DArT-array, DArT-GBS, and SSR markers. A total of 6,168 polymorphic markers were used to construct genetic linkage maps. Inclusive composite interval mapping detected four colocated resistance loci to both rust diseases and two stripe rust resistant loci in the Avocet × Chilero population. Among these, the quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 1BL was identified as a pleotropic adult plant resistance gene Lr46/Yr29, whereas QLr.cim-5DS/QYr.cim-5DS was a newly discovered colocated resistance locus to both rust diseases in Chilero. Additionally, one new stripe rust resistance locus on chromosome 7BL was mapped in the current population. Avocet also contributed two minor colocated resistance QTLs situated on chromosomes 1DL and 4BS. The flanking SNP markers can be converted to breeder friendly Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) markers for wheat breeding programs.

Postulation of Stripe Rust Resistance Genes and Analysis of Adult Resistance in 50 Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Gansu Province

2011 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Qin CAO ◽  
Bo ZHANG ◽  
Ming-Ju LI ◽  
Shi-Chang XU ◽  
Hui-Sheng LUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Gansu Province ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

scholarly journals QTL mapping of adult plant resistance to stripe rust in the Fundulea 900 × Thatcher RIL population

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Xiaocui Yan ◽  
Huimin Zheng ◽  
Peipei Zhang ◽  
Gebrewahid Takele Weldu ◽  
Zaifeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Stripe Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Wheat Stripe Rust ◽  
Ril Population

Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis Westend. f.sp. tritici Eriks (Pst), is one of the most important diseases of bread wheat worldwide. Breeding resistant wheat cultivars is the most economical, effective and environmentally friendly way for controlling wheat stripe rust in China. The Romanian wheat line Fundulea 900 showed good resistance to wheat stripe rust at the adult stage. The present study aimed to map the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for stripe rust resistance in 176 F<sub>2:6</sub> recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross of Fundulea 900 × Thatcher. The RIL population was phenotyped for stripe rust (YR) severity at Mianyang in the Sichuan province and Baoding in the Hebei province in the 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 cropping seasons. SSR markers combined with a preferred screened group (PSG) analysis were used to identify the QTLs for stripe rust in the population. Three QTLs for stripe rust resistance were mapped on chromosomes 1AL, 7BL and 7DS, respectively. All three QTLs originated from Fundulea 900 and were detected in all the environments. The QTL on 7DS was provided by the known resistance gene Yr18/Lr34. The two QTLs on chromosomes 1AL and 7BL were explained by 9.2 to 21.5% and 5.1 to 10.1% of the phenotypic variance, respectively and might be new QTLs. The QTLs identified in the study and their closely linked markers can be used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in wheat breeding programmes.

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