Determination of gushing potential of barley

A new control method for the determination of the malting barley susceptibility to gushing was developed. The method is based on the modified Carlsberg test (MCT) after prior stimulation of barley with substances that promote the germination process. Barleys from the harvest of 2020 and malts produced from them were used to develop and verify the method. The selection of barleys was based on the results of gushing potential detected in the produced malts. To optimise and verify the method, the barley variety Sunshine with a high gushing potential of both barley (139±33 g) and malt (144±13 g), and the barley variety Pionier with zero gushing potential of both barley and malt were used. Malt was produced from the Lodestar barley variety with a high content of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol. Gushing of the malt was 127±10 g. The gushing potential in barley was determined by the MCT method after prior stimulation of germination. For comparison, the gushing potential was also determined by the MCT method without stimulation of germination. It was proved that stimulation of germination is a key process for correct determination of the susceptibility of barley to gushing. The newly developed method was used for the determination of the gushing potential of five barleys from the harvests of 2020 and 2021. Control gushing determination of five malt samples was performed using the MCT method. An agreement between the measured data was found.

BARLEY YIELDING CAPACITY INDICES BY PRE-SOWING SEED TREATMENT WITH BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS

The use of high-quality seeds in the production process of cropgrowing is one of the main criteria for obtaining a good harvest. The research goal is to study the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with biological preparations on barley yield formation under the conditions of the Altai Re-gion’s Ob River area. The research was carried out in 2019 and 2020 in the Altai Region’s Ob River area. The research target was the Vorsinskiy barley variety and the biological preparations used for pre-sowing seed treatment. The ex-periment included 10 variants; of those 4 variants using biological preparations obtained based on processed agri-cultural and woodworking wastes, and top peat processed by autohydrolysis-explosion. The control consisted in seed treatment with distilled water. The results obtained showed that the use of biological preparations in barley cultivation had a positive effect on the final result -crop yield. The average results over two years of testing showed a wide range of yield variations in the experiment variants. The yield values varied from 2.15 t ha in the Variant no. 8 to 2.82 t ha in the Variant no. 5; the control -2.60 t ha. The yield value in the Variant no. 5 with the use of top peat preparation was the maximum in the experiment. On aver-age, over two years of research, the variability in the vari-ants was from the medium of 10% < Cv < 20% in the Vari-ants no. 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 to high Cv > 20% -Variants no. 6, 8, 9, 10. The maximum positive effect on the yield formation of the Vorsinskiy barley variety is exerted by pre-sowing seed treatment with the preparations based of plant residues (sunflower husk, oat chaff -Variants no. 3, 4), woodworking wastes (pine needles -Variant no. 2) and top peat (Variant no. 5) processed by autohydrolysis explosion.

The results of breeding work on naked spring barley

In recent decades, the demand for naked barley grain on the market has increased, that is why the breeders of the leading institutions of the Russian Federation resumed breeding research to develop new naked barley varieties. In this regard, the purpose of the current study was to develop a breeding material for naked spring barley, adapted to the conditions of the Rostov region and, on its basis, new varieties. There have been developed the new naked barley variety with high productivity and grain quality, adapted to the conditions of the North Caucasus. The study was carried out in the scientific crop rotation of the department of barley breeding and seed production of the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd) in 2014–2020. Based on the best local spring barley varieties (‘Leon’ and ‘Shchedry’) and naked varieties of the VIR collection (‘Mancuria’ (Sweden), ‘NB-OWA’ (Nepal), ‘CDC-Dawn’ (Canada), ‘K-3780’ (Tajikistan) and ‘Golozerny’ (RF)) there have been developed and studied the new naked barley lines. There was found that according to the trait ‘plant height’ the lines ‘Leon x Golozerny’ and ‘Leon x Mancuria’ belonged to the middle-height group (90.2 cm and 83.4 cm, respectively). The rest of the lines belonged to the tall group, their height varied from 96.5 cm to 100.3 cm. According to the trait ‘earing date’ there has been identified the line ‘Leon x Golozerny’ (24V), which is more early-ripening (5 days less than that of the standard). The same line turned out to be the only one that significantly exceeded the standard (the standard variety ‘Ratnik’ on 4.5 t/ha) according to productivity +0.3 t / ha, and taking into account the absence of hulls, this difference significantly increased to +0.7 t/ha. There was established that according to the trait ‘1000-grain weight’, the lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’, ‘Leon x CDC-Dawn’, ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ significantly exceeded the standard variety. The best indicators of grain quality were identified for the lines ‘Leon x K-3780’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’. The lines ‘Leon x Mancuria’ and ‘Leon x Golozerny’ were the most resistant to powdery mildew. The current paper has presented the characteristics of the new naked spring barley variety ‘Zernogradsky 1717’, which has a great productivity and a set of positive economically valuable traits.

The effect of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of productivity of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ in the southern part of the Rostov region

In the cultivation regions with unstable moisture there are fluctuations in grain crop productivity, which is mainly determined by the definite hydrothermal conditions. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effect of hydrothermal conditions on the formation of barley productivity during autumn and spring sowing periods in the southern part of the Rostov region. When conducting the trial, barley plants experienced a lack of air humidity and were insufficiently provided with precipitation, both in autumn and spring sowing periods, and the coefficient of moisture supply for barley crops was 0.53 and 0.45, respectively. There was found that the longest vegetation period of 235 days was observed during sowing on September 10, when the sum of positive temperatures was also the highest, 2010.4 °C. In the spring sowing periods, these indicators were the smallest: the vegetation period was 83 and 92 days, the sum of positive temperatures was 1555.2 and 1579.3 °C, respectively. There was established that for productivity formation (6.38 t/ha) in autumn sowing, the total moisture consumption of the facultative barley variety ‘Marusya’ was 308.5 mm per 1 ha, and the total moisture consumption per 1 ton of grain was 483.5 m3 on average for 2018-2020. In the total consumption of moisture, precipitation was 95%, and the share of soil moisture was 5%. When sowing in the spring, the variety ‘Marusya’ produced 4.26 t/ha and consumed 211.4 mm of moisture per hectare, and the total moisture consumption per 1 ton of grain was 496.2 m3. In the total consumption of moisture, precipitation was only 34%, and the share of soil moisture was 66%.

The effect of mineral fertilizers on productivity of the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ in the non-blackearth part of the Russian Federation

An increase in spring barley acreage requires a detailed study of the interaction of agronomic and climatic factors, as well as the selection of a modern set of new varieties. The use of mineral fertilizers is one of the most important methods to improve the productivity of grain crops and maintain a deficit-free balance of mineral nutrients in arable soils. The current study of the effective use of various doses of mineral fertilizers (NPK) on the new spring barley variety ‘Znatny’ was carried out on dark-gray forest heavy loamy soil in 2018–2020 by the Institute of Seed production and Agrotechnologies, a branch of the Federal Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Agro-Engineering Center VIM”. There has been established that the date of the phenological phases and the length of interphase periods did not depend on fertilizer rates, but had a close correlation with weather conditions (r = +0.68). The analysis of the obtained data has shown that an increase in the rates of applied fertilizers increases the aboveground biomass, which, in turn, negatively affects productivity of the barley variety ‘Znatny’ (r = -0.77). The analysis of the yield structure and rates of fertilizers NPK has shown that in the trial, the spring barley productivity was influenced by 1000-grain weight (r = +0.60). There was found a high inverse correlation between productivity and length of head (r = -0.85). When length of head ranged from 7.5 to 8.4 cm, grain weight per head remained practically at the same level in all variants (1.1–1.2). This indicated that at a rate of N90P90K90 and N120P120K120, the variety ‘Znatny’ formed a not very dense head. Protein percentage at these rates also greatly reduced. According to the obtained data, an increase in the doses of applied fertilizers (N90Р90К90–N120Р120К120) resulted in the intensified development of most leaf diseases and a decrease in lodging resistance. Thus, the optimal dose of application of azophoska fertilizer on dark-gray forest soil is the norm N45P45K45, since on this option there was obtained maximum productivity and net income. the increase in the recom[1]mended norms of mineral fertilizers, sharply reduces profitability of crop cultivation.

The new spring barley variety ‘Granik’

The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the high-protein spring barley variety (Hordeum vulgare L.) ‘Granik’ in the conditions of the left bank of the Saratov region. The study was carried out on the basis of the Krasnokutsk breeding experimental station, located in the Saratov region, Krasnokutsk district, the village of Semennoy on chestnut soils (coordinates of the experimental plot is 50.914007, 47.068303). The years of 2013, 2014 and 2020 (from 8 years of studying the new variety in the competitive variety testing (CVT)) were average humid; the years of 2016 and 2017 were wet; the years of 2015, 2018 and 2019 were acutely arid. There was established a significant advantage of the new variety over the standard variety ‘Nutans 553’ according to productivity on 0.25 t/ha (+11.0%) on average; according to 1000-grain weight on 2.4 g (+6.0%); according to grain number per 1 m2 on 270 grains (5.0%). The variety ‘Granik’ was distinguished by a higher straw (69.3 cm, which was 4.0 cm higher than that of the standard variety), by better resistance to lodging and to dust brand. Under artificial inoculation with spores of the local population of dust brand, the greatest damage to the variety was 9.9%, while the standard variety was 23.1%. There were no significant differences between the varieties according to ‘length of vegetation period’ (70–74 days), nutritional and energy value. There has been found that both varieties were characterized by a high protein percentage (15.6–15.9%). Since 2019, the variety ‘Granik’ has been introduced into the List of the State Register of the Russian Federation for the 8th (Lower Volga) region. In 2020 the variety was tested in production conditions at the Arkadak agricultural experimental station on an area of 50 hectares, where it produced 3.30 t/ha against the background of the variety ‘Yak 401’, which produced 2.60 t/ha on the same area.