scholarly journals A Machine Vision-Based Method for Monitoring Scene-Interactive Behaviors of Dairy Calf

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangyang Guo ◽  
Dongjian He ◽  
Lilong Chai
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Computer Languages ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Animal Behaviors ◽  
Interactive Behaviors ◽  
Recognition Success

Requirements for animal and dairy products are increasing gradually in emerging economic bodies. However, it is critical and challenging to maintain the health and welfare of the increasing population of dairy cattle, especially the dairy calf (up to 20% mortality in China). Animal behaviors reflect considerable information and are used to estimate animal health and welfare. In recent years, machine vision-based methods have been applied to monitor animal behaviors worldwide. Collected image or video information containing animal behaviors can be analyzed with computer languages to estimate animal welfare or health indicators. In this proposed study, a new deep learning method (i.e., an integration of background-subtraction and inter-frame difference) was developed for automatically recognizing dairy calf scene-interactive behaviors (e.g., entering or leaving the resting area, and stationary and turning behaviors in the inlet and outlet area of the resting area) based on computer vision-based technology. Results show that the recognition success rates for the calf’s science-interactive behaviors of pen entering, pen leaving, staying (standing or laying static behavior), and turning were 94.38%, 92.86%, 96.85%, and 93.51%, respectively. The recognition success rates for feeding and drinking were 79.69% and 81.73%, respectively. This newly developed method provides a basis for inventing evaluation tools to monitor calves’ health and welfare on dairy farms.

Design of the Independent Rescue System Based on the Passive Sound Source Localization and Machine Vision

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 966-969
Author(s):  
Sheng Dong ◽  
Ai Guo Zhao ◽  
Li Yun Xing ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Fang Lei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Source Localization ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Sound Source Localization ◽  
Control Module ◽  
Mobile Client ◽  
Video Information ◽  
Processing Module ◽  
Rescue System ◽  
Communication Control

The purpose of this paper is to design a family or battlefield independent rescue system which is based on passive sound source localization and machine vision, The system consists of five modules: the sound acquisition and processing module based on FPGA, image acquisition and processing module based on TMS320DM6437, video capture and communication control module based on TMS320DM355, motion control module based on MSP430F149, PC server and smart handheld mobile client. It can track target person who need help automatically by recognizing his voice and image, to provide emergency medicines, communication tools, and transmit real-time video information to a server on PC and a mobile client on Andriod platform by wireless network, and be controlled remotely.

scholarly journals Health monitoring of finishing pigs by secondary data use – a longitudinal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Grosse-Kleimann ◽  
Heiko Plate ◽  
Henning Meyer ◽  
Hubert Gerhardy ◽  
Corinna Elisabeth Heucke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Production Data ◽  
Finishing Pigs

Abstract Background In Germany, animal welfare has become an increasingly important issue. Since 2006, German legislation demands self-monitoring of animal welfare by farmers, but there is a lack of prescribed indicators for governmental monitoring. Since recording of the health status through examinations on individual farms requires many resources, secondary data use is obvious. Therefore, this study deals with the overall evaluation and utilization of existing production data from the German pork production. Performance data and information on antibiotic usage and meat inspection were used for a benchmarking system of animal health in finishing pigs. Results Seven health scores and one total score were evaluated for 184 finishing pig herds on semi-annual basis between July 2017 and June 2019, based on the health indicators mortality, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, treatment frequency, respiratory lesions, exterior lesions and animal management. In preparation, the selected health indicators were brought to the same scale and skewed data were transformed to build scores (MOR, ADG, FCR, TF, RESP, EXT and MANG). A differentiated analysis was carried out for three classes of initial body weight regarding to farmers’ fattening management strategies. Conclusions The present study shows that existing production data of German finishing pigs are usable for welfare monitoring. However, preparatory editing steps are crucial. The total score can only be an estimate of health status because partly bad or good performance could be disguised. It has also been demonstrated, that relative benchmarking is suitable for depicting temporary fluctuations in the investigated collective.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cephenemyia stimulator larvae in male roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) in the Lublin Upland, Poland, and their impact on particular animal health indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Flis ◽  
Bogusław Rataj ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Condition

Abstract Introduction The aim of the study was to carry out epizootic assessment of male roe deer to detect the presence of Cephenemyia stimulator larvae and determine the influence of the parasite on the carcass and antler weight in animals living in different habitats. Material and Methods The investigations were based on post-mortem analysis of Cephenemyia stimulator infestations of the nasal passages and throat of 177 male roe deer culled between May 11 and September 30, 2020 in hunting districts of the Lublin region in Poland. The individual quality of the animals was assessed by weighing the gutted carcasses after cooling, and the antlers were weighed after dissection and their total weight was determined. Results The parasite prevalence ranged from18 to 48% according to habitat type, with a mean value of 33%. The highest prevalence was detected in bucks living in grassland ecosystems. The presence of the parasites exerted influence on the individual condition of the animals, which was reflected in reduced carcass and antler weight. The differences were found both in young individuals and in somatically fully developed animals, but they were not statistically significant in all age groups. Conclusion Although the parasitic infestations impaired the individual condition traits, their parametric values in most cases were not lower than those reported from other regions of Poland. Despite the Cephenemyia stimulator infestation, male roe deer from the Lublin region are characterised by high carcass and antler weight.

scholarly journals Association of Animal Health Indicators with Welfare Status in Frieswal Cattle at Organized Dairy Herd

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 430-439
Author(s):  
Iftekar Rahaman ◽  
Rajarshi Samanta ◽  
Chittapriya Ghosh ◽  
Sanjoy Datta ◽  
Nilotpal Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Health Indicators

scholarly journals Welfare problems of horses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Nedosekov ◽  
◽  
Y. P. Krytsia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Horse Farms ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
Recommended Action

The article presents an analysis of the basic concepts of animal welfare, which is a prerequisite for quality and successful innovative animal husbandry. The horses welfare should be considered from the standpoint of the concept of the "five freedoms", which should be reflected in the lives of animals. The aim of the article is to analyze the state of the horses welfare and the prospects of development and implementation at the national and European levels. The analysis indicates the need to develop a system for assessing the welfare of horses and its implementation in Ukraine, while, taking into account objective and subjective indicators, the system for assessing the welfare of horses should include owners, veterinarians (horse care) and experts. To assess the welfare of sport horses, the Veterinary Regulations (BP) of the International Equestrian Federation (FEI) must be used during the competition, which must be observed during the event. Methods for assessing the degree of welfare, characterize the condition of the animal in both external and internal indicators, but the dominant is stress, which through the nervous and endocrine systems adversely affect all parts of the immune system. In Ukraine, the horse population has tripled reduce in thirty years and continues to decline, but the analysis of horse welfare in Ukraine is either not conducted at all, or is sporadic and mainly aimed at assessing individual animal health indicators (assessment of body condition, lameness, etc.). Therefore, in Ukraine it is necessary to establish criteria and develop a system for assessing the welfare of horses, improving the legal framework and implementation in practice. A plan of recommended action for stakeholders (federations, veterinarians, horse owners, government services, etc.) was presented, and it was recommended to develop and implement criteria for assessing the welfare of horses that could be used to study animal welfare. We believe that the system of horse welfare assessment as a consulting tool is necessary for the standardization of survey and analysis of welfare, to develop measures to optimize the management of horses, which should be the main document of equestrian associations of Ukraine. In addition, legislation on the welfare of horses is crucial, but there is no legislation acts in the field of welfare. Undoubtedly, in combination with the welfare of horses, it is important to develop an algorithm for biosecurity in the horses management with an emphasis on the epizootology of diseases, vaccination conditions, disinfection and analysis of critical points of admission to animals, which should be the basis for the development of the National Standard for Welfare and Biosecurity at the level of horse farms in Ukraine.

scholarly journals PSI-B-39 Late-Breaking: Animal science career outcomes: influence of gender on research funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
Angelica Van Goor ◽  
Emma Moran ◽  
Parag Chitnis ◽  
Wesley Dean ◽  
Megan Haidet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Career Stage ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Research Grants ◽  
Research Education ◽  
Food Research ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Animal Sciences ◽  
Academic Positions

Abstract Background: Overall, women and men in STEM degrees graduate at parity. However, women are not equally represented in academic positions, and this is true for agricultural fields including the animal sciences. The National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) is the USDA’s primary extramural science agency that administers funding for programs to advance agriculture-related sciences. The Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) is NIFA’s flagship granting program that funds research, education, and extension efforts. Our objective was to determine the effect of gender on submission rates and success rates in animal-related AFRI program area priorities. Methods: All applications submitted to AFRI programs in animal genetics, health/welfare, production, and reproduction between 2013–2018 were evaluated. Gender was assigned to Project Directors using Gender API software. Then the effect of gender on submission rates and success rates across and within program areas was determined. Results: A total of 2,018 applications were assigned a gender and examined further. Overall, women submitted 28% (i.e. men submitted 72%) of applications with some variation in different areas of animal sciences (30% in animal health to 24% in animal reproduction). On average, women’s applications had a 24% success rate, compared to men at 21%; women applicants to animal genomics had the highest success rate of 42% while the lowest was in animal health at 19%. Discussion: Women submit fewer proposals than men, consistent with the fact that women hold fewer academic positions needed to apply for research grants such as those from AFRI. Interestingly, women tend to have higher success rates than men. One hypothesis is that the women that hold these academic positions and apply for these research grants are outstanding performers. However, more research is needed to address several important factors that may influence these results such as co-investigators, potential panel biases, and career stage.

scholarly journals Internal Teat Sealant Administered at Drying off Reduces Intramammary Infections during the Dry and Early Lactation Periods of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1522
Author(s):  
Gustavo Freu ◽  
Tiago Tomazi ◽  
Camylla Pedrosa Monteiro ◽  
Melina Melo Barcelos ◽  
Bruna Gomes Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Bacteriological Cure ◽  
Intramammary Infections

The effect of an internal teat sealant (ITS) on subsequent infection of the mammary gland was evaluated on the following mammary gland health indicators: (a) bacteriological cure of preexisting intramammary infections at drying off, (b) risk of postpartum new intramammary infections (NIMI), (c) cure and risk of new cases of subclinical mastitis (SCM), and (d) risk of postpartum clinical mastitis (CM). A total of 553 cows during late gestation were randomly assigned into two treatment protocols at drying off: (a) Dry cow therapy with 0.25 g of intramammary anhydrous cefalonium (ADCT; Cepravin®, MSD Animal Health); or (b) ADCT combined with ITS (SDCT; 4 g bismuth subnitrate; Masti-Seal®, MSD Animal Health, São Paulo, Brazil). Mammary quarter (MQ) milk samples were collected for microbiological culture and somatic cell count (SCC) at drying off and early lactation, and data from 1756 MQ were used in the multivariate logistic regression. There was no effect on the risk of bacteriological cure, SCM cure, and new cases of postpartum SCM. Still, SDCT reduced the risk of CM up to 60 days postpartum (DPP), overall NIMI risk, and the NIMI caused by major pathogens compared to ADCT. Thus, the DCT combined with ITS at drying off is effective for preventing NIMI during the dry period and CM up to 60 DPP.

Single Camera for Multiple Vehicles License Plate Localization and Recognition on Multilane Highway

2013 ◽  
Vol 418 ◽  
pp. 120-123
Author(s):  
Hung Li Tseng ◽  
Chao Nan Hung ◽  
Sun Yen Tan ◽  
Chiu Ching Tuan ◽  
Chi Ping Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
License Plate ◽  
Single Camera ◽  
License Plate Recognition ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
Moving Vehicles ◽  
Multiple Vehicles ◽  
Recognition Success

License plate recognition systems can be classified into several categories: systems with single camera for motionless vehicle, systems with single camera for moving vehicle, and systems with multiple cameras for moving vehicles on highways (one camera for each lane). In this paper we present an innovative system which can locate multiple moving vehicles and recognize their license plates with only one single camera. Obviously, our system is highly cost effective in comparison with other systems. Our system has license plate localization success rate 94% and license plate recognition success rate 88%. These success rates are pretty satisfiable considering the system is working on fast moving vehicles on highway.

scholarly journals Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial comparing two formulations of desoxycortone pivalate for the treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. e12-e12
Author(s):  
Hayley Farr ◽  
Beasley L Mason ◽  
Susan L Longhofer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundThis clinical trial compared two formulations of desoxycortone pivalate (DOCP) for treating the mineralocorticoid deficit in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH).MethodsAt veterinary clinics in the USA and France, dogs with PH (n=152) were randomised (3:1) to receive approximately monthly treatments with either the test product, Zycortal (Dechra), administered subcutaneously (n=113), or the control product, Percorten-V (Novartis Animal Health), administered intramuscularly (n=39), both at an initial dose of 2.2 mg/kg DOCP. Treatment administrators were unblinded; veterinarians assessing clinical signs were blinded; owners were blinded until at least day 90, the primary end point. Veterinarians assessed treatment outcome based on all of the following: clinical signs; sodium concentrations; potassium concentrations. Dogs received concurrent glucocorticoid therapy throughout the trial. Non-inferiority was assessed using a generalised linear mixed model to compare success rates between groups.ResultsSuccess rates at day 90 were similar between groups (per-protocol population at day 90: Zycortal 87/101, 86.2 per cent, Percorten-V 29/34, 85.1 per cent). Zycortal was non-inferior to Percorten-V as the upper limit of the 95 per cent CI for the difference between groups was 13.6 per cent. Polydipsia and polyuria were the most common clinical observations.ConclusionBoth products, in combination with glucocorticoid therapy, were safe and effective in treating PH.

scholarly journals Multi-Stakeholder Focus Groups on Potential for Meat Inspection Data to Inform Management of Pig Health and Welfare on Farm

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nienke van Staaveren ◽  
Bernadette Doyle ◽  
Alison Hanlon ◽  
Laura Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Diagnostic Tool ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Meat Inspection ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Inspection Data ◽  
Pig Health

Meat inspection (MI) findings can act as a valuable source of information on pig health and welfare. The PIG WELFare INDicators (PIGWELFIND) project (Research Stimulus Fund 11/S/107) was developed to progress the development of ante and post mortem MI as a pig health and welfare diagnostic tool in Ireland. Three multi-stakeholder focus groups were organized to explore areas of conflict and agreement between stakeholders’ vision for including pig health and welfare indicators in MI and on how to achieve this vision. Each focus group consisted of eight stakeholders: pig producers, Teagasc pig advisors, pig processors, veterinarians involved in MI, private veterinary practitioners, and personnel with backgrounds in general animal health and welfare and food safety policy. In general, stakeholders expressed positive attitudes towards the use of MI data to inform pig health and welfare when standardization of recording and feedback is improved, and the MI system provides real-time benchmarking possibilities. Most emphasis was placed on health indicators as a first priority, while it was felt that welfare-related indicators could be included after practical barriers had been addressed (i.e., line speed/feasibility, standardization and training of meat inspectors, data ownership). Recommendations are made to further progress the development of MI as a pig health and welfare diagnostic tool and address some of these barriers.

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