scholarly journals Inducing Ovulation with hCG Improves Fertility Outcomes of Co-Dominant Follicle Drainage to Avoid Twin Pregnancy in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Irina Garcia-Ispierto ◽  
Mònica Pando ◽  
Mònica Llobera-Balcells
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Drainage Procedure ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Clinical Problems

Twin pregnancies are undesirable in dairy cattle as they dramatically compromise cow lifespan and, consequently, herd economy. Clinical problems in cows arise from the time of pregnancy diagnosis to pregnancy loss, abortion, or parturition. The drainage of co-dominant follicles in cows with two or more follicles at insemination prevents twin pregnancy. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of draining the smaller of two follicles through a simplified maneuver not requiring ultrasonography in cows in their third or more lactation, and then inducing ovulation immediately before artificial insemination (AI) with GnRH or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). Animals were monitored by ultrasound at AI and randomly assigned to the groups: follicular drainage and treatment with GnRH (Deph; n = 60), follicular drainage and treatment with hCG (hCG; n = 60), and non-drainage (ND; n = 60) as control cows. On the basis of odds ratios, cows treated with hCG were 2.1 times more likely to become pregnant than control animals. Our results reveal the efficacy of hCG treatment at AI in cows with two follicles of pre-ovulatory size subjected to a simple follicular drainage procedure.

scholarly journals Pregnancy and stillbirth losses in dairy cows with singleton and twin pregnancies

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Szelényi ◽  
Dorottya Győri ◽  
Szabolcs Boldizsár ◽  
Levente Kovács ◽  
Attila Répási ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Twin Pregnancies ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Length Of Gestation ◽  
Friesian Cows

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of twin pregnancy, fetal laterality, the number of corpora lutea (CL) and cavitary CL on pregnancy losses in Holstein-Friesian cows with a positive pregnancy diagnosis based on ultrasonography between days 29–42 after AI. Pregnancy was confirmed by transrectal palpation between days 57–70 after AI and at the time of drying-off as well. Twin pregnancy rate was 8.4% at the time of the early pregnancy examination. Pregnancy loss did not differ between singleton- and twin-carrying animals either between days 57–70 of gestation or at drying-off. More losses occurred in singletons between days 29–42 and 57–70 in cows with cavitary than in cows with noncavitary CL (12.1% vs. 3.6%; P < 0.05) and in cows with double CL than in cows with single CL (7.3% vs. 3.6% %; P < 0.05). Between days 57–70 of gestation and drying-off this difference was still significant (20.7% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.001), while it was non-significant between cows with one CL (5.7%) vs. double CL (3.7%). Cavity occurrence was not affected by hormone therapy prior to AI (either PGF2α or OvSynch; 4.4% vs. 5.4%, respectively); however, the number of CL was reduced by the treatments (11.6 vs. 19.6%; P < 0.0005). In twin pregnancies there was no difference in the pregnancy losses between bilateral and unilateral pregnancies at any time point. The length of gestation was 278.2 ± 10.5 (singleton) and 267.4 ± 31.2 (twin) days, respectively (P < 0.01). The stillbirth ratio was higher in twin carriers than in singleton carriers (19.5% vs. 5.3%; P < 0.001).

scholarly journals Association Between First-Trimester Intrauterine Hematoma and Twin Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanqing Ji ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Weidong Li ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Bo Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Vaginal Bleeding ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Vanishing Twin Syndrome ◽  
Twin Pregnancies

Abstract Background: In recent years, we have found that first-trimester intrauterine hematoma in twin pregnancy has become increasingly common. The majority of studies on intrauterine hematoma have excluded twin pregnancies, while others did not differentiate between singleton and twin pregnancies. The associations in twin pregnancy are not clear. Therefore, the primary objective of our study was to examine the associations between first-trimester intrauterine hematoma and pregnancy outcomes in twin pregnancy. Material and methods: 1020 twin pregnancies in women who underwent a routine examination from January 2014 to December 2018 were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of intrauterine hematoma, we compared the baseline data and pregnancy outcomes between two groups. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for possible confounding factors. Results: A total of 209 patients (21.3%) developed intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester. First-trimester intrauterine hematoma was significantly associated with increased odds of miscarriage (adjusted odds ratio 14.27, 95% CI 8.25-24.70) and the vanishing twin syndrome (adjusted odds ratio 3.26, 95% CI 1.11-4.61). However, It did not have increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes after 20 Weeks of Gestation .In the final regression model analysis, the associations of hematoma with previous miscarriage history, accepted assisted conception, accompanying vaginal bleeding and miscarriage and vanishing twin syndrome were no longer significant. No association was found between hematoma size or the presence of vaginal bleeding and the risk of pregnancy loss or the vanishing twin syndrome before 20 weeks of gestation (P>0.05). Conclusion: In women with twin pregnancies, the presence of intrauterine hematoma in the first trimester was associated with one or both fetal losses before 20 weeks of gestation. However, chorionicity in twins, the conception method, the intrauterine hematoma size and the presence of vaginal bleeding were not independently associated with pregnancy loss.

Control of the time of ovulation in sheep

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
AWH Braden ◽  
DR Lamond ◽  
HM Radford
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Synchronization of ovulation in ewes during the breeding season was achieved by a 14 day course of progesterone injections followed by injections of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). Optimal control was attained when the PMS was given at the time of the last progesterone injection and the HCG 24 hr later. With this treatment most ovulations occurred between 20 and 28 hr after the HCG injection. However, none of the ewes exhibited oestrus at this time. Greater variability in the time of ovulation was found when the progesterone-PMS and PMS-HCG intervals were 0 hr and 48 hr, or 24 hr and 24 hr, and with these treatments about 80 per cent. of the ewes exhibited oestrus just before ovulation. On the 0-48 hr treatment schedule with artificial insemination 3-7½ hr after the HCG injection, 13 of 22 ewes had fertilized eggs or embryos when killed 3 or 35 days later.

scholarly journals Role of human chorionic gonadotrophin to prevent repeated early pregnancy loss

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Eti Saha ◽  
Fouzia Begum ◽  
Zannatul Ferdous Jesmin
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Early Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Improve Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
History Of

Early pregnancy loss is a frustrating experience for both the patient and the physician. Approximately 5% of couples trying to conceive have 2 consecutive miscarriages and approximately 1% couples have 3 or more consecutive losses. Objective of this study is to determine whether therapy with dydrogesterone or Human chorionic Gonadotrophin hormone (HCG) in history of repeated pregnancy loss during the first trimester of pregnancy will improve pregnancy outcome. This is a prospective open comparative study.Women having early pregnancy presenting to a private clinic with history of early pregnancy loss, having no medical disorder were included in this study. Eligible subjects were randomised to receive either dydrogesterone 20mg daily or injection Human Chorionic Gonadotrophins (HCG) 5000 iu intramuscularly at 72 hours interval up to fourteen weeks of pregnancy or no additional treatment. Follow up of those patients were done with transabdominal ultrasonography. Hundred women were recruited. There was no statistically significant difference between the three groups with regard to pretreatment status. The continuing pregnancy success rate was higher in women treated with dydrogesterone (79.17%) and highest with Injection Human Chorionic, Gonadotrophin (86.36%) compared with women received no treatment (70%), (p=0.358). Hormonal support with either dydrogesterone or Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin may increase the chances of a successful pregnancy in women with a history of spontaneous abortion.Bang Med J (Khulna) 2015; 48 : 7-10

RELATIONSHIP OF THE SEX OF THE FOETUS TO THE AMOUNT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN PLACENTAE; SINGLE AND DIZYGOTIC TWIN PLACENTAE COMPARED

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRUCE HOBSON ◽  
LEIF WIDE
Keyword(s):  
Twin Pregnancy ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Dizygotic Twin ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Normal Twin

SUMMARY Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was assayed by biological and radioimmunological methods in placentae from 16 women with a normal twin pregnancy. When the concentration and total amount of HCG in placentae was related to the sex of the twin foetus, no significant difference between 'male' and 'female' placentae was found. This is contrary to findings that there is a significant (P < 0·005) difference in the concentration of HCG per g and per placenta of singletons at term. A comparison between the grouped geometric mean data from bioassays shows that the amount of HCG per g and per placenta falls between the geometric mean values for 'male' and 'female' singleton placentae.

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