scholarly journals PK/PD Analysis of Marbofloxacin by Monte Carlo Simulation against Mycoplasma agalactiae in Plasma and Milk of Lactating Goats after IV, SC and SC-Long Acting Formulations Administration

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1104
Author(s):  
Emilio Fernández-Varón ◽  
Edgar García-Romero ◽  
Juan M. Serrano-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos M. Cárceles ◽  
Ana García-Galán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Contagious Agalactia ◽  
Lactating Goats ◽  
Long Acting

Contagious agalactia is a mycoplasmosis affecting small ruminants that have become an important issue in many countries. However, PK/PD studies of antibiotics to treat this problem in lactating goats affected by Mycoplasma (M.) agalactiae, the main CA-causing mycoplasma are almost non-existent. The aims of this study were to evaluate the plasma and milk disposition of marbofloxacin in lactating goats after intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and subcutaneous poloxamer P407 formulations with and without carboxy-methylcellulose (SC-P407-CMC and SC-P407) administration. Marbofloxacin concentrations were analysed by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of M. agalactiae field isolates from mastitic goat’s milk were used to calculate surrogate markers of efficacy. Terminal half-lives of marbofloxacin after IV, SC, SC-P407 and SC-P407-CMC administration were 7.12, 6.57, 13.92 and 12.19 h in plasma, and the half-lives of elimination of marbofloxacin in milk were 7.22, 7.16, 9.30 and 7.74 h after IV, SC, SC-P407 and SC-P407-CMC administration, respectively. Marbofloxacin penetration from the blood into the milk was extensive, with Area Under the Curve (AUCmilk/AUCplasma) ratios ranged 1.04–1.23, and maximum concentrations (Cmax-milk/Cmax-plasma) ratios ranged 0.72–1.20. The PK/PD surrogate markers of efficacy fAUC24/MIC and the Monte Carlo simulation show that marbofloxacin ratio (fAUC24/MIC > 125) using a 90% of target attainment rate (TAR) need a dose regimen between 8.4 mg/kg (SC) and 11.57 mg/kg (P407CMC) and should be adequate to treat contagious agalactia in lactating goats.

scholarly journals RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in Combined Dosage Forms

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Patel ◽  
Sanjay Patel ◽  
Dhamesh Prajapiti ◽  
Rajendra Mehta
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Amlodipine Besylate ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Long Acting

A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in combine dosage form. Amlodipine Besylate (AML) is a long acting calcium channel blocker and in the treatment of CVS disorder. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) is a diuretic and antihypertensive. The mobile phase used was a combination of Water: Methanol (70:30). The detection of the combined dosage form was carried out at 245nm and a flow rate employd was 0.5ml/min. The retention time for Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide was found to be 6.95 and 2.65 min respectively. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 6 to 18μg/ml of Amlodipine Besylate and 6 to 18μg/ml of Hydrochlorothiazide with a correlation coefficient of 0.997 and 0.9974. Detector consists of photodiode array detector; the reversed phase column used was RP-C18 (5 μm size, 250mm, 4.6mm i.d.) at ambient temperature. The developed method was validated according to ICH guidelines and values of accuracy, precision and other statistical analysis were found to be in good accordance with the prescribed values. Thus the proposed method is precise, selective and rapid for simultaneous estimation of Amlodipine Besylate and Hydrochlorothiazide in routine analysis. Key Words: Simultaneous Estimation; Amlodipine Besylate; Hydrochlorothiazide; HPLC. DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v3i1.6798S. J. Pharm. Sci. 3(1): 49-53

scholarly journals High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic and First Derivative of the Ratio Spectrophotometric Determination of Amlodipine and Valsartan in Their Binary Mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 882-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Kul ◽  
Burcu Dogan-Topal ◽  
Tugba Kutucu ◽  
Bengi Uslu ◽  
Sibel A Ozkan
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Acting

Abstract Amlodipine besylate (AML) is a long-acting calcium channel blocker used as an antihypertensive agent. Valsartan (VAL) is also used to treat hypertension, either alone or in combination with other agents. Two-component mixtures of AML and VAL were analyzed by HPLC and the ratio spectra of the first derivative spectrophotometric technique. The spectrophotometric method depends on the first derivative of the ratio-spectra by measurements of the amplitudes at 234.0 nm for VAL and 351.0 nm for AML. Calibration graphs were established for 0.520 g/mL AML and 132 g/mL VAL using the ratio spectra of the first derivative spectrophotometric method. In the HPLC method, an ACE 5 C18 (4.6 150 mm, 5 m) RP column at 30C with the mobile phase methanolacetonitrileNaH2PO4H2O buffer, including 5 mL/L triethylamine and adjusted to pH 3.0 (42 + 18 + 40, v/v/v) at 2.0 mL/min flow rate was used to separate both compounds with detection at 254.0 nm. Linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 0.5500 g/mL for AML and 5.0900 g/mL for VAL. The proposed methods have been extensively validated. These methods allow a number of cost- and time-saving benefits. They were successfully applied to the determination of AML and VAL in synthetic mixtures and in a pharmaceutical dosage form. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean and SD values. The proposed methods are simple, rapid, and suitable for QC applications.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Meropenem for the Treatment of Nosocomial Pneumonia in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients by Monte Carlo Simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 970-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingti Kong ◽  
Yan Tang ◽  
Xiaohua Zhang ◽  
Guoyu Lu ◽  
Meiling Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Nosocomial Pneumonia ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Time Profile ◽  
Dosing Regimens ◽  
Total Body

Background: Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is a frequent complication among patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). However, there are currently no pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) data to guide meropenem dosing in these patients. Objective: To investigate the PK/PD properties of meropenem in these patients and whether the usual dosing regimens of meropenem (2-hour infusion, 1 g, every 8 hours) was suitable. Methods: A total of 11 patients with a diagnosis of ICH complicated with NP were selected in the emergency internal medicine and treated with a 1-g/2-hours extended infusion model. The plasma concentrations of meropenem were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PK parameters were estimated by plasma concentration versus time profile using WinNonlin software. The probability of target attainments (PTAs) of meropenem at different minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) based on percentage time that concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentration (%T>MIC) value were performed by Monte Carlo simulation. Results: The volume of distribution and total body clearance of meropenem were 55.55 L/kg and 22.89 L/h, respectively. Using 40%T>MIC, PTA was >90% at MICs ≤4 µg/mL. Using 80% or 100%T>MIC, PTA was >90% only at MICs ≤1 µg/mL. Conclusions: The PK/PD profile of dosing regimens tested will assist in selecting the appropriate meropenem regimens for these patients. At a target of 40%T>MIC, the usual dosing regimens can provide good coverage for pathogens with MICs of ≤4 µg/mL. However, when a higher target (80% or 100%) is desired for difficult-to-treat infections, larger doses, prolonged infusions, shorter intervals, and/or combination therapy may be required.

scholarly journals High-performance, robustly verified Monte Carlo simulation with FullMonte

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (08) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Cassidy ◽  
Ali Nouri ◽  
Vaughn Betz ◽  
Lothar Lilge
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
High Performance
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