Health-Promoting Properties of the Wild-Harvested Meat of Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.)

The present studies aimed to analyse and assess the health-promoting properties of the musculus semimembranosus (MS) of roe and red deer harvested in the wild. The experimental materials comprising the carcasses of roe deer (15 does and 15 bucks) and red deer (15 hinds and 15 stags) were selected for analysis based on the following criteria: age of animals at harvest—3–4 years; time that passed from the harvest of animals to carcass cutting—48–54 h. After chilling the carcasses for 24 h at +2 °C, the haunches were cut from the carcasses and transported to the laboratory in isothermal ice-packed containers. Samples of the musculus semimembranosus were analysed to determine the chemical composition (proximate components, energy value, Fe, Pb, Cd, fatty acids). More (p ≤ 0.05) dry matter and total protein and less (p ≤ 0.05) crude fat was found in the musculus semimembranosus of roe deer in comparison to red deer. No significant influence of the animal’s sex was observed in the content of the evaluated nutrients, apart from crude fat content, which was increased in the haunch of females from both species. The energy content in the muscle of roe deer was 10% higher than the energy value of MS in red deer (p ≤ 0.05). The content of iron was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher (6.64 mg/kg) in the meat of red deer compared to the meat of roe deer (31.68 mg/kg). Roe deer haunch contained more lead but less cadmium than red deer haunch. Irrespective of sex, the lipid fraction of red deer muscle contained more saturated fatty acids (SFA). Intramuscular fat (IMF) in roe deer meat contained a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The atherogenicity (AI) and thrombogenicity (TI) index values were significantly lower in roe deer haunch, and the hypocholesterolaemic-to-hypercholesterolaemic fatty acids ratio (HH) was lower (p ≤ 0.05) in red deer meat. To sum up, the evaluated roe deer and red deer haunch featured high dietary value as it contained a high protein and low fat content and had an advantageous fatty acids composition. As regards the content of cadmium and lead, roe deer and red deer haunch can be considered safe for consumers.

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Characterization of Rhodococcus equi isolates from submaxillary lymph nodes of wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Veterinary Microbiology ◽

10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.04.020 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 172 (1-2) ◽

pp. 272-278 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Magdalena Rzewuska ◽

Lucjan Witkowski ◽

Agata A. Cisek ◽

Ilona Stefańska ◽

Dorota Chrobak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymph Nodes ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Sus Scrofa ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Rhodococcus Equi ◽

Wild Boars

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Bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.2478/pjvs-2014-0043 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 315-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

A. Bancerz-Kisiel ◽

A. Szczerba-Turek ◽

A. Platt-Samoraj ◽

P. Socha ◽

W. Szweda

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Hunting Season ◽

Virulence Markers ◽

Serotype O ◽

Gene Coding ◽

Environmental Reservoir ◽

Enterocolitica Infection

AbstractFree-living animals are an important environmental reservoir of pathogens dangerous for other animal species and humans. One of those is Yersinia (Y.) enterocolitica, the causative agent of yersiniosis - foodborne, enzootic disease, significant for public health. The purpose of the study was to identify bioserotypes and virulence markers of Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) obtained during the 2010/2011 hunting season in north-eastern Poland. From among 48 rectal swabs obtained from 24 roe deer, two strains of Y. enterocolitica from one animal were isolated. Although both belonged to biotype 1A they were identified as different serotypes. The strain obtained from cold culture (PSB) belonged to serotype O:5, while the strain isolated from warm culture (ITC) was regarded as nonidentified (NI), what may suggest mixed infection in that animal. The presence of ystB gene, coding for YstB enterotoxin, directly related to Y. enterocolitica pathogenicity was detected in both strains using triplex PCR. The effect of the examination of 32 swabs obtained from 16 red deer was the isolation of two Y. enterocolitica strains from two different animals. Both belonged to biotype 1A with NI serotype, but were originated from different types of culture. They gave positive results in case of products of a size corresponding to the ystB gene. No amplicons corresponding to ail and ystA genes were found. Roe deer and red deer may carry and shed Y. enterocolitica, what seems to be important in aspect of an environmental reservoir of this pathogen. The Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from wild ruminants had the amplicons of the ystB gene, what suggest they can be potential source of Y. enterocolitica infection for humans

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A Comprehensive Review of the Composition, Nutritional Value, and Functional Properties of Camel Milk Fat

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10092158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 2158

Author(s):

Ibrahim A. Bakry ◽

Lan Yang ◽

Mohamed A. Farag ◽

Sameh A. Korma ◽

Ibrahim Khalifa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Camel Milk ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Milk Fat Globules ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Nutritional Benefits

Recently, camel milk (CM) has been considered as a health-promoting icon due to its medicinal and nutritional benefits. CM fat globule membrane has numerous health-promoting properties, such as anti-adhesion and anti-bacterial properties, which are suitable for people who are allergic to cow’s milk. CM contains milk fat globules with a small size, which accounts for their rapid digestion. Moreover, it also comprises lower amounts of cholesterol and saturated fatty acids concurrent with higher levels of essential fatty acids than cow milk, with an improved lipid profile manifested by reducing cholesterol levels in the blood. In addition, it is rich in phospholipids, especially plasmalogens and sphingomyelin, suggesting that CM fat may meet the daily nutritional requirements of adults and infants. Thus, CM and its dairy products have become more attractive for consumers. In view of this, we performed a comprehensive review of CM fat’s composition and nutritional properties. The overall goal is to increase knowledge related to CM fat characteristics and modify its unfavorable perception. Future studies are expected to be directed toward a better understanding of CM fat, which appears to be promising in the design and formulation of new products with significant health-promoting benefits.

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Cholesterol content and fatty acid compositon of red deer carcasses

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600021115 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 1991 ◽

pp. 161-161

Author(s):

M. Enser ◽

F.M. Whittington ◽

A.V. Fisher ◽

M.H. Davies

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Red Deer ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Occlusive Vascular Disease ◽

Meat Species ◽

Low Cholesterol ◽

Very High

Excessive human consumption of saturated fatty acids and possibly cholesterol is thought to increase the risk of occlusive vascular disease. This has focused attention on ruminant tissues which tend to contain high proportions of saturated fatty acids compared with other meat species, although their cholesterol contents are reported to be quite similar. However, there have been claims, apparently unsubstantiated, that vension has a low cholesterol content and is a healthy food. The aims of this study were to determine the cholesterol contents of muscle and adipose tissue of deer and to investigate their relationship to carcass fatness and tissue fatty acid composition, particularly as venison lipids are reported to be very high saturated.

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Characterisation of Faecal Staphylococci from Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Their Susceptibility to Gallidermin

Probiotics and Antimicrobial Proteins ◽

10.1007/s12602-019-9522-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 302-310

Author(s):

A. Lauková ◽

E. Bino ◽

I. Kubašová ◽

V. Strompfová ◽

R. Miltko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus

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Does habitat type modify group size in roe deer and red deer under predation risk by Iberian wolves?

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z07-129 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 170-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

I. Barja ◽

S. Rosellini

Keyword(s):

Predation Risk ◽

Group Size ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Antipredator Response ◽

The Mean ◽

Grouping Behavior

We examined whether group size in red deer ( Cervus elaphus L., 1758) and roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus (L., 1758)) under predation risk by Iberian wolves ( Canis lupus L., 1758) is affected by the type of habitat in which the deer reside. We hypothesized that group size (i) would be larger in open than in closed habitats, since it is an antipredator response, and (ii) would vary more with habitat type in the species that had higher wolf predation rates. In the study area, wolves were the only predator of wild ungulates, with roe deer being the main target prey. We performed monthly transects along paths to observe the group size of red and roe deer. In roe deer, the mean group size was significantly higher in open than in closed habitats, serving as an antipredator response. However, in red deer, habitat type did not affect group size. The results indicate that under predation risk by wolves the habitat type influences the grouping behavior of roe deer but not red deer. Furthermore, compared with forests, heaths offer less protection from predators and species in this habitat would benefit from larger group sizes.

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Dominance of the Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotype BEB6 in red deer (Cervus elaphus) and Siberian roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) in China and a brief literature review

Parasite ◽

10.1051/parasite/2017056 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Wei Zhao ◽

Jianguang Wang ◽

Ziyin Yang ◽

Aiqin Liu

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽

Siberian Roe Deer ◽

Capreolus Pygargus

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Molecular Detection of Bartonella Sp. in Wild Ruminants and Analysis of its Genetic Diversity on the Basis of 16S–23S Rrna Intergenic Spacer (ITS)

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy ◽

10.2478/v10213-012-0003-7 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 15-19

Author(s):

Małgorzata Adamska

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Intergenic Spacer ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Its Region ◽

Its Sequences ◽

23S Rrna

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the state of infection of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus) by Bartonella sp. in North-Western Poland through PCR detection of Bartonella 16S-23S rRNA ITS region in isolates of animal tissues, and also to describe the genetic diversity of detected Bartonella species based on molecular analysis of ITS. The multiple alignment analysis of ITS sequences was carried out, and homology matrices and phylogenetic trees were constructed. The DNA of Bartonella sp. was detected in tissues of 45.6% (36/79) C. capreolus and of 50% (15/30) C. elaphus. Products of two different sizes were detected: 317 bp, characteristic for B. schoenbuchensis, and 198 bp, characteristic for B. bovis. The obtained results suggest that roe and red deer are potential reservoirs of Bartonella sp. Most of the analysed ITS sequences was not specific for one host species. In constructed phylogenetic trees, sequences obtained from roe and red deer clustered together. These results suggest a lack of host specificity of most detected B. schoenbuchensis and B. bovis intraspecies strains

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Observations on autochtonous liver flukes in wild ruminants in Slovakia

Helminthologia ◽

10.1515/helm-2017-0035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 307-313

Author(s):

A. Iglódyová ◽

P. Lazar ◽

J. Čurlík ◽

R. Karolová ◽

J. Ciberej ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervus Elaphus ◽

Red Deer ◽

Roe Deer ◽

Fasciola Hepatica ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

Capreolus Capreolus ◽

Fallow Deer ◽

Wild Ruminants ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

Liver Flukes

SummaryThe aim of the study was monitoring of liver flukes in wild ruminants including red deer (Cervus elaphus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in selected regions of Slovak Republic. Between 2014 – 2016 we examined 782 faecal samples from selected wild ruminants using coprological techniques and serological methods (ELISA detection ofF. hepaticacoproantigens). None of the samples was positive for the presence ofFasciola hepatica, 5.89 % of faecal samples were positive forDicrocoelium dendriticum. Higher prevalence was recorded in mouflon (30.83 %), lower in red deer (1.49 %).D. dendriticuminfection was not determined in fallow deer and roe deer. The seasonal distribution of dicrocoeliosis indicated a highest prevalence in autumn. Significantly higher prevalence was recorded in fenced rearing when compared with open hunting grounds, suggesting that animal agglomeration, constant use of the same areas and possible stress are the main risk factors. Parasitological examination of livers of hunted wild ruminants revealed dicrocoeliosis in mouflon.

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