scholarly journals Herpesvirus Infection in a Breeding Population of Two Coexisting Strix Owls

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2519
Author(s):  
Zoran Žlabravec ◽  
Al Vrezec ◽  
Brigita Slavec ◽  
Urška Kuhar ◽  
Olga Zorman Rojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Population ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Apodemus Flavicollis ◽  
Herpesvirus Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Nest Boxes ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Ural Owl

Birds are a frequent host of a large variety of herpesviruses, and infections in them may go unnoticed or may result in fatal disease. In wild breeding populations of owls, there is very limited information about the presence, impact, and potential transmission of herpesvirus. The herpesvirus partial DNA polymerase gene was detected using polymerase chain reaction in oropharyngeal swabs of 16 out of 170 owls examined that were captured in or near nest boxes. Herpesvirus was detected in Ural owls (Strix uralensis), in both adults and young, but not in tawny owls (Strix aluco). In yellow-necked mice (Apodemus flavicollis), as the main prey of tawny owls and Ural owls in the area, herpesvirus was detected in the organs of 2 out of 40 mice captured at the same locations as the owls. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the herpesvirus sequences detected in the Ural owls differed from the herpesvirus sequences detected in the yellow-necked mice. The results indicate that herpesvirus infection exists in the breeding wild Ural owl population. However, herpesvirus-infected owls did not show any clinical or productivity deviances and, based on a phylogenetic comparison of detected herpesvirus sequences and sequences obtained from Genbank database, it seems that mice and other rodents are not the source of owl infections. The most probable transmission pathway is intraspecific, especially from adults to their chicks, but the origin of herpesvirus in owls remains to be investigated.

scholarly journals Application of advanced molecular techniques to detect vector borne pathogens from stray dogs and cats in two different climatic zones of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah D Alanazi ◽  
Jan Šlapeta ◽  
Abulaziz Alouffi ◽  
Nichola Calvani ◽  
Mohamed Alyousif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background: Vector-borne diseases have been increasing worldwide and reported in many animals including dogs and cats. Limited or no data are currently available regarding canine and feline vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia and limited information is available from other Middle Eastern countries. The aim of this study was to compare vector-borne disease prevalence between two bio-climatically distinct regions of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh province that is arid positioned at low elevation and Asir province that is humid at high elevation. Methods: Blood samples from 74d ogs from Riyadh province and 70 dogs and 44 cats from Asirprovince were collected and examined for the presence of genomic DNA of Babesias pp, Anaplasma spp., Ehrlichias pp., Bartonella spp., Mycoplasma spp., and Hepatozoon spp. by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Multiplex-tandem PCR (MT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing.Results: Seventy four dogs were tested from Riyadh province and found be negative of any pathogen. Of the 70 dogs examined from Asir province 45(64.3%) were positive. Specifically, 40 (57.1%) dogs were positive for A.platys, 20 (28.5%) for B.vogeli, 11(15.7%) for My.Haemocanis, two (2.85%) for Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and one (1.4%) for Br.henselae. Fourteen out of 44 cats (31.8%) were positive for one of the detected vector-borne pathogens. Six cats (13.6%) were positive for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum and My.haemofelis, respectively, four cats (9.2%) were positive for Br.Henselae, two (4.54%) for Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum and one (2.27%) for A. platys. Conclusions: The results of this study report the occurrence of A. platys, B. vogeli, Br. henselae, and My. haemocanis in dogs and of A. platys, Br. henselae, My.haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum in cats from Asir province Further molecular investigations are strongly recommended in order to reduce the risk of dogs and cats acquiring vector-borne diseases in Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Epidemiological Investigation of Paratuberculosis in Dairy Cattle in Tai’an, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zilong Cheng ◽  
Mengda Liu ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Meng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Subcutaneous Edema ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Paratuberculosis, a chronic and sometimes fatal disease of ruminants, is caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). In this study, we examined paratuberculosis cases among 2–4-year-old dairy cows at farms in Shandong Province, China. Paratuberculosis cases were diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, pathological autopsy, and histopathological inspection. Characteristics of paratuberculosis in the affected dairy cattle included poor body condition, persistent diarrhea, subcutaneous edema, granulomatous ileitis (multibacillary), mesenteric lymphadenitis, and hepatitis. Acid-fast bacilli from fecal specimens and lymphocytes were putatively identified as MAP based on Ziehl-Neelsen staining, then confirmed using polymerase chain reaction-based testing and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analyses. Overall, only one MAP strain was isolated from a herd with symptomatic diarrhea. However, analysis of 586 serum samples from nine herds in Tai’an City revealed that 66.7% of herds and 14.2% of animals were seropositive for MAP. Our findings suggest that paratuberculosis is widely prevalent and therefore a significant threat to the dairy industry in Tai’an City, Shandong Province, China.

scholarly journals Insights Into the Ecology of Grapevine red blotch virus in a Diseased Vineyard

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Cieniewicz ◽  
Sarah J. Pethybridge ◽  
Gregory Loeb ◽  
Keith Perry ◽  
Marc Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Spissistilus Festinus

Limited information is available on the spread of Grapevine red blotch virus (GRBV, genus Grablovirus, family Geminiviridae) in vineyards. To investigate ecological aspects of red blotch disease spread, sticky cards to catch flying insects were placed in 2015 (April to November) and 2016 (March to November) in a vineyard study site in California where disease incidence increased by nearly 20% between 2014 and 2016. Subsets of insect species or taxa were removed from sticky card traps and individual specimens were tested for the presence of GRBV by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. GRBV was consistently detected in Spissistilus festinus (Membracidae), Colladonus reductus (Cicadellidae), Osbornellus borealis (Cicadellidae), and a Melanoliarus sp. (Cixiidae). Populations of these four candidate vectors peaked from June to September, with viruliferous S. festinus peaking from late June to early July in both years. An assessment of co-occurrence and covariation between the spatial distribution of GRBV-infected vines and viruliferous insects identified a significant association only with viruliferous S. festinus. These findings revealed the epidemiological relevance of S. festinus as a vector of GRBV in a vineyard ecosystem. Sequencing coat protein and replicase-associated protein gene fragments of GRBV isolates from newly infected vines and viruliferous vector candidates further suggested secondary spread primarily from local sources and occasionally from background sources.

scholarly journals Genetic Divergence of the Species of the Yellow Wagtails Group (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) in European Territory of Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
E. A. Artemieva ◽  
A. V. Mishchenko ◽  
D. K. Makarov
Keyword(s):  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
European Part ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Selective Mating

Abstract Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of populations of species of the yellow wagtails in the space of their ranges in a wide sympatry reflects the mechanisms of reproductive isolation of species and forms of subspecies rank and features of microevolution group - polytypic complex Motacilla flava Linnaeus, 1758. The distribution of species of the yellow wagtails in the European part of Russia is sympatric. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sympatric settlement led to any genetic separation between the populations of these species. 20 blood samples and 2 samples of eggs collected in areas geographically representing the MID and the southern Russian breeding populations of these species, including all juvenile ringed in 2012, were used. After the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4 types of the yellow wagtails group Motacilla flava L., 1758; M. feldegg Michahelles, 1830; M. lutea (S. G. Gmelin, 1774); M. cilreola Pallas, 1776 (Passeriformes, Motacillidae) were sequenced. After aligning the sequences of the gene cytochrome oxidase I, based on the comparison of genetic distances between these species phylogenetic tree of genus Motacilla was constructed. These results suggest that, despite the broad sympatry in nesting places, there is a selective mating between males and females of each species studied in spite of the free crossing and insulating mechanisms in populations.

Predominance of canine parvovirus type 2b in dogs of Ulaanbaatar City

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
Sh Tumenjargal ◽  
Ts Ariunaa ◽  
L Ganbayar ◽  
G Otgontuya ◽  
B Chimedtseren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Evolution ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Standard Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis ◽  
Primer Sets

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes fatal disease acute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis in dogs. The aim of this work is to detect canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2) by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral DNA was isolated from faecel samples of 36 puppies with suspicious symptoms for parvovirus infection and used as template in standard PCR. 23 samples wereof CPV-2b serotype, 9 samples of CPV-2a serotype but 4 samples were neither 2b and nor 2a. We used two different primer sets, one specific both serotypes CPV-2a and CPV-2b and one specific only for CPV-2b. This allowed us to differentiate serotypes from each other. The further extension of this work will be essential for the epidemiology, viral evolution and phylogenetic studies of the mongolian domestic canine, cats and wild carnivores.Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.15(2) 2015; 71-74

A PCR assay for detection of a 2RL.2BS wheat–rye chromosome translocation

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Lee ◽  
S. M. Kaeppler ◽  
R. A. Graybosch ◽  
R. G. Sears
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Chromosome Translocation ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Chromosome Translocations ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A 2RL.2BS wheat–rye translocation, present in the wheat germplasm line Hamlet, carries a gene for resistance to Hessian fly biotype L, one of the most virulent biotypes presently encountered in wheat production environments. Unlike several other wheat–rye chromosome translocations common in wheat breeding programs, 2RL lacks genes encoding storage proteins or other easily selected markers. Oligonucleotide primers synthesized from published sequences derived from the R173 family of moderately repetitive rye DNA were used in the DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify specific markers for 2RL. The same primers, when used with DNA extracted from additional wheat–rye translocation lines of importance to the wheat breeding community, gave distinctive PCR products for each genotype. The single primer pair, PAWS5 and PAWS6, may, therefore, have wide applicability for the identification of wheat–rye chromosomal translocations presently encountered in wheat breeding populations. Key words : 2RL.2BS wheat–rye chromosome translocation, polymerase chain reaction, detection.

scholarly journals Unusual fatal avian polyomavirus infection in nestling cockatiels (Nymphicus hollandicus) detected by nested polymerase chain reaction

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Tomasek ◽  
O. Kubicek ◽  
V. Tukac
Keyword(s):  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Nymphicus Hollandicus ◽  
Chlamydophila Psittaci ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Avian Polyomavirus ◽  
Feather Disease Virus ◽  
Nestling Mortality

High mortality of nestling cockatiels (<i>Nymphicus hollandicus</i>) was observed in one breeding flock in Slovakia. The nestling mortality affected 50% of all breeding pairs. In general, all the nestlings in affected nests died. Death occurred suddenly in 4- to 6-day-old birds, most of which had full crops. No feather disorders were diagnosed in this flock. Two dead nestlings were tested by nested PCR for the presence of avian polyomavirus (APV) and <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> and by single-round PCR for the presence of beak and feather disease virus (BFDV). After the breeding season ended, a breeding pair of cockatiels together with their young one and a fledgling budgerigar (<i>Melopsittacus undulatus</i>) were examined. No clinical alterations were observed in these birds. Haemorrhages in the proventriculus and irregular foci of yellow liver discoloration were found during necropsy in the young cockatiel and the fledgling budgerigar. Microscopy revealed liver necroses and acute haemolysis in the young cockatiel and confluent liver necroses and heart and kidney haemorrhages in the budgerigar. Two dead cockatiel nestlings, the young cockatiel and the fledgling budgerigar were tested positive for APV, while the cockatiel adults were negative. The presence of BFDV or <i>Chlamydophila psittaci</i> DNA was detected in none of the birds. The specificity of PCR was confirmed by the sequencing of PCR products amplified from the samples from the young cockatiel and the fledgling budgerigar. The sequences showed 99.6&minus;100% homology with the previously reported sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first report of APV infection which caused a fatal disease in parent-raised cockatiel nestlings and merely subclinical infection in budgerigar nestlings.

scholarly journals Detection of Canine Parvovirus in Baghdad city by PCR technique

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (0E) ◽  
pp. 95-98
Author(s):  
Ahmed F. Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Fatal Disease ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mutant Strains ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hemorrhagic Enteritis

Canine parvovirus 2 (CPV2) is a highly contagious and fatal disease of dogs, causingacute hemorrhagic enteritis and myocarditis. In this study different mutant strains of the viruswere characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The fecal samples from infected dogssuspected for CPV2 infection were collected in a suitable medium. The viral DNA from fecalsamples was extracted using specific kits, PCR were carried out with five different primer,pCPV-2ab and pCPV-2b, to distinguish the strain prevalent in field condition. The primerpCPV-2ab recognized both variant CPV-2a and CPV-2b, whereas the primer pCPV-2brecognized only the variant CPV-2b, using the third primer pCPV to recognize the residualbase pair, enabling the differentiation of CPV-2a variant from CPV-2b in field isolates. Thedifferent PCR products were further analyzed by using gel electrophoresis.

scholarly journals RBD-IgG levels correlate with protection in Residents Facing SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Blain ◽  
Edouard Tuaillon ◽  
Lucie Gamon ◽  
Amandine Pisoni ◽  
Stephanie Miot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Neutralization Activity ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Background Limited information exists on nursing home (NH) residents regarding BNT162b2/Pfizer vaccine efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2 and severe Covid-19, and its association with post-vaccine humoral response. Methods 396 residents from seven NHs suffering a SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (VOC-α) outbreak at least 14 days after a vaccine campaign were repeatedly tested using SARS-CoV-2 real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on nasopharyngeal swab test (RT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) of the S1 subunit (RBD-IgG) was measured in all residents. Nucleocapsid antigenemia (N-Ag) was measured in RT-PCR-positive residents, and serum neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated residents from one NH. Results The incidence of positive RT-PCR was lower in residents vaccinated by two doses (22.7%) vs one dose (32.3%) or non-vaccinated residents (43.7%)(p<0.01). Covid-19-induced deaths were observed in 10.4% of the non-vaccinated residents, in 6.4% of those who had received one dose, and in 0.9% with two doses (p=0.0007). Severe symptoms were more common in infected non-vaccinated (21.0%) vs vaccinated residents (47.6%, p=0.002). Higher levels of RBD-IgG (n=325) were associated with a lower SARS-CoV-2 incidence. No in vitro serum neutralization activity was found for RBD-IgG levels below 1,050 AU/mL. RBD-IgG levels were inversely associated with N-Ag levels, found as a risk factor of severe Covid-19. Conclusions Two BNT162b2/Pfizer doses are associated with a 48% reduction of SARS-CoV-2 incidence and a 91.3% reduction of death risk in residents from NHs facing a VOC-α outbreak. BNT162b2/Pfizer efficacy was partly predicted by post-vaccine RBD-IgG levels.

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