scholarly journals Molecular Survey of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Roe Deer from a Wildlife Rescue Center in Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3335
Author(s):  
Alessandra Cafiso ◽  
Chiara Bazzocchi ◽  
Martina Cavagna ◽  
Elena Di Lorenzo ◽  
Valentina Serra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Pcr Screening ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Rescue Center ◽  
Babesia Spp

Babesia ssp. and Anaplasma spp. are tick-borne microorganisms representing a possible health risk for domestic and wild animals, as well as humans. Roe deer serve as a suitable reservoir host for some species ascribed to Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum taxa, also due to its important role in the maintenance of large populations of Ixodes ricinus, the main tick vector of these pathogens in Europe. Roe deer populations have been recently expanding throughout Europe, namely in Italy. However, the collection of samples from free-ranging wild animals for diagnostic investigations often includes several practical issues. This problem can be overcome using samples provided by wildlife rescue centers making them available for investigations following routine analyses. The presence of Babesia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in blood samples of 43 roe deer rescued by a wildlife rescue center in Emilia-Romagna region (Italy) was molecularly investigated. PCR screening revealed the presence of at least one pathogen in 86.05% of the animals, while co-infection occurred in 18.92% of the tested individuals. Zoonotic Babesia venatorum was found in 6.98% of the samples, while Babesia capreoli and Anaplasma phagocytophilum were detected in 74.42% and in 20.93%, respectively. No hematological signs compatible with clinical anaplasmosis or piroplasmosis, as well as absence of intracellular circulating microorganisms in blood smears, were observed, suggesting asymptomatic infection in the tested animals. These results confirm the usefulness of wild rescued animals as convenient source of biological samples for tick-borne pathogens investigation and the role of roe deer as a key factor in the endemic cycle of Babesia species and A. phagocytophilum.

Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), fallow deer (Dama dama) and mouflon (Ovis musimon) in Germany

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 46-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Kauffmann ◽  
Steffen Rehbein ◽  
Dietmar Hamel ◽  
Walburga Lutz ◽  
Mike Heddergott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Ovis Musimon ◽  
Babesia Spp

THE DETECTION OF Anaplasma phagocytophilum AND Babesia vulpes IN SPLEEN SAMPLES OF RED FOX (Vulpes vulpes) IN SLOVENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Strašek Smrdel ◽  
Tatjana Avšič
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Babesia Spp

The entrance of wild animals into human settings serves as the access of vector-borne pathogens to susceptible hosts. A red fox (Vulpes vulpes) frequently enters and is quite adapted to living in urban and periurban environments. Due to its living habits, it could be a possible source of tick-borne pathogens, but it could also transfer pathogens through bites. One hundred and ten spleen samples from red foxes were screened for the presence of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia vulpes genomes with real-time and conventional PCR. Positive PCR products were further sequenced. A genotype of A. phagocytophilum was determined and species of Babesia spp. if possible.Five (4.5%) spleen samples from red fox were positive for A. phagocytophilum DNA. With nucleotide comparison, three genotypes from cluster I were detected. The detected prevalence of B.vulpes in red fox in Slovenia was 76.3%. The parasite was detected in all tested regions of the country. Data from our study suggest that the red fox may have only limited impact on the circulation of the zoonotic genotype of A. phagocytophilum, but it represents a risk of transmission of B. vulpes near human settings and consequently poses a threat to domestic animals.Key words: red fox, Vulpes vulpes, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Babesia vulpes, tick-borne pathogens, dogsUGOTAVLJANJE ANAPLAZME (Anaplasma phagocytophilum) IN BABEZIJE (Babesia vulpes) V VZORCIH VRANIC PRI RDEČIH LISICAH (Vulpes vulpes) V SLOVENIJI Izvleček: Prehajanje divjih živali v urbana okolja omogoča prenos klopno prenosljivih patogenih mikroorganizmov do dovzetnih oseb in živali. Navadna rdeča lisica (Vulpes vulpes) pogosto prehaja v okolico bivališč ljudi, prav tako se je že dobro privadila življenju v bližini ljudi. Zaradi svojih življenjskih navad predstavlja možen vir klopno prenosljivih patogenov preko okuženih klopov, lahko tudi preko ugriza živali. Stodeset vzorcev vranic navadne rdeče lisice smo pregledali na prisotnost genoma bakterije Anaplasma phagocytophilum in parazita Babesia spp. Pozitivnim vzorce smo nato določili zaporedje DNK in določili genotip A. phagocytophilum oz. vrsto babezije, kadar je bilo to mogoče. Pet vzorcev vranic (4.5 %) navadne rdeče lisice je bilo pozitivnih na prisotnost genoma A. phagocytophilum. Z določitvijo zaporedja DNK smo določili tri genotipe. Prevalenca okužbe z B. vulpes pri slovenskih lisicah je 76.3 %, določili pa smo jo v vseh statističnih regijah Slovenije. Navadna rdeča lisica ima zelo omejen vpliv na kroženje zoonotskega genotipa A. phagocytophilum. Kljub temu pa predstavlja verjeten vir prenosa parazita B. vulpes v urbana področja in posledično nevarnost za domače živali. Ključne besede: navadna rdeča lisica; Vulpes vulpes; Anaplasma phagocytophilum; Babesia spp.; Babesia vulpes; klopno prenosljivi patogeni mikroorganizmi; psi 

Anaplasma phagocytophilum and other tick-borne bacteria in wild animals in western Slovakia

Biologia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Štefanidesová ◽  
Eva Špitalská ◽  
Ivan Krkoš ◽  
Elena Smetanová ◽  
Elena Kocianová
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Dermacentor Reticulatus ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Boars

AbstractTick-borne bacterial zoonoses of livestock and free-ranging ungulates caused by Anaplasma spp. are common in Central Europe. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and other tick-borne bacteria in wild animals from western Slovakia. Infection with A. phagocytophilum was recorded in 62.86% of analyzed roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), in two red deer (Cervus elaphus) and two wild boars (Sus scrofa). Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus ticks collected on red deer were not A. phagocytophilum-infected. However, spotted fever group rickettsiae were detected in ticks collected from red deer. High prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in roe deer as well as positive red deer and wild boars suggest the occurrence of natural foci in western Slovakia.

scholarly journals Arthropod-Borne Pathogens in Stray Cats from Northern Italy: A Serological and Molecular Survey

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2334
Author(s):  
Valentina Virginia Ebani ◽  
Lisa Guardone ◽  
Federica Marra ◽  
Iolanda Altomonte ◽  
Simona Nardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
One Health ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Stray Cats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Babesia Spp

Cats may be affected by a wide range of arthropod-borne pathogens (ABPs) of medical and veterinary interest. Between February 2018 and October 2019, 85 blood samples were collected from stray cats from the Emilia Romagna region (northern Italy). Ticks (n = 28) on the examined cats were also collected. Serological and molecular methods were applied to search for infection by Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Bartonella henselae, Coxiella burnetii, Ehrlichia canis, Leishmania spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Cytauxzoon spp. A total of 71 sera (83.5%) had antibodies to at least one investigated pathogen: 39 (45.9%) were positive for B. henselae, 32 (37.6%) positive for C. burnetii, 12 (14.1%) positive for E. canis, four (4.7%) positive for A. phagocytophilum, and two (2.4%) positive for Leishmania spp. A total of 47 (55.3%) DNA samples were positive by PCR for at least one investigated pathogen: 25 (29.4%) were positive for C. burnetii, 23 (27.1%) positive for B. henselae, two (2.4%) positive for E. canis, five (5.9%) positive for Leishmania spp., and two (2.4%) positive for Cytauxzoon spp. Coinfections were observed in 21 cats (24.7%). No positivity was found for A. phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., or Hepatozoon spp. All ticks were negative. A widespread presence of ABPs in the investigated area of northern Italy was shown. Accurate information on their prevalence may be relevant for feline veterinary medicine, as well as from a One Health perspective.

DETECTION OF LEISHMANIA INFECTION IN STRAY DOGS IN HUMAN LEISHMANIASIS ENDEMIC AREA IN MYMENSINGH DISTRICT WITH ITS POSSIBLE PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE IN BANGLADESH

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Asymptomatic Carrier ◽  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Leishmania Infection ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Human Leishmaniasis ◽  
Strip Test

Background: Leishmaniasis is primarily caused by two species of Leishmania (L. donovani and L. infantum) of which clinical infection with L. infantum has been recognized in both humans and dogs as zoonotic disease with dogs as the main reservoir hosts in the Mediterranean, the Middle East, Asia and South America. Although L. donovani has been associated with both clinical and asymptomatic infection in humans but it is still associated with asymptomatic infection in dogs in Indian sub-continent without any evidence of zoonotic infection. Objectives: The objective of this research was to investigate the potentiality of dog as reservoir host for visceral leishmaniasis in the human leishmaniasis endemic regions in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 stray dogs in the human VL endemic areas of Mymensingh district were captured for the detection VL during the period of November 2010 to May 2011. The dipstick test rK39 (Bios International; n = 20), Giemsa’s stained impression smears of liver and spleen (n = 6) and PCR with the tissue of liver and spleen (n = 6) were tested as per manufacturer instructions and conventional standard methods. Results: Out of 20 stray dogs examined, 4 (20.0%) were positive for L. donovani infection with rK39 strip test. Of the six randomly selected dogs tested with Modified Giemsa’s stained of impression smears of spleen and liver showed 2 (33.33%) positive whereas PCR technique detected 5 (83.33%) positive for L. donovani. Results of PCR showed 145bp amplicon, specific for L. donovani infection in 83.33% stray dogs. Conclusions: This study reveals that a high percentage of L. donovani asymptomatic carrier infections occur in dogs and evidence indicates that dogs and humans may potentially serve as a source of infection to sand fly vectors and accordingly dogs can be recognized as a probable animal reservoir for the Leishmania infection in the endemic region in Bangladesh. However, further studies are required to determine the ability of dogs to transmit the L. donovani to the vector sand fly in nature and its evidence on ‘One Health’ perspectives. Keywords: Visceral leishmaniasis, Endemic region, Stray dogs, rK39 strip test, Giemsa’s stained liver and spleen impression smears, PCR, Reservoir host, Mymensingh

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiological analysis of wild animal rabies isolates from India

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 352-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gundallhalli Bayyappa Manjunatha Reddy ◽  
Rajendra Singh ◽  
Karam Pal Singh ◽  
Anil Kumar Sharma ◽  
Sobharani Vineetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Epidemiological Analysis ◽  
Nucleoprotein Gene ◽  
Single Cluster

Aim: This study was conducted to know the genetic variability of rabies viruses (RVs) from wild animals in India. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 rabies suspected brain samples of wild animals from different states of India were included in the study. The samples were subjected for direct fluorescent antibody test (dFAT), reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The phylogenetic analysis of partial nucleoprotein gene sequences was performed. Results: Of 20 samples, 11, 10, and 12 cases were found positive by dFAT, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all Indian wild RVs isolates belonged to classical genotype 1 of Lyssavirus and were closely related to Arctic/Arctic-like single cluster indicating the possibility of a spillover of rabies among different species. Conclusion: The results indicated the circulation of similar RVs in sylvatic and urban cycles in India. However, understanding the role of wild animals as reservoir host needs to be studied in India.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in the cervids and feeding ticks from Lithuania

Biologija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Radzijevskaja ◽  
Justina Snegiriovaitė ◽  
Artūras Kibiša ◽  
Irma Ražanskė ◽  
Algimantas Paulauskas
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Msp4 Gene ◽  
Ixodes Ticks ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Sequence Types

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a bacterial pathogen, which is a major cause of zoonotic disease, anaplasmosis. The main vectors of A. phagocytophilum are ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. A. phagocytophilum has a broad geographic distribution and a high degree of biological and clinical diversity. Epidemiological studies in multiple countries have shown that the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum highly depends on the density of ticks and their potential hosts such as the cervids, which are one of the main sources of nutrition for Ixodes ticks. In Lithuania, the cervids are important game animals but their contribution as reservoirs for A. phagocytophilum remains unknown. The objectives of the study were to investigate the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum infections in the cervids and feeding ticks and to characterize the A. phagocytophilum strains obtained from the cervids and ticks based on sequence analysis of msp4 gene. A total of 187 ticks were collected from 44 cervids (roe deer, red deer, and moose) harvested by professional hunters during the hunting seasons of 2010–2013 and 2016–2017 in Lithuania. Blood and spleen samples were collected from 29 animals (27 roe deer and two red deer). A. phagocytophilum DNA was identified in ten (37.04%) of the 27 roe deer. The overall prevalence of A. phagocytophilum in I. ricinus and D. reticulatus ticks was 39.3% (70/178) and 22.2% (2/9) respectively. The sequence analysis of the msp4 gene of A. phagocytophilum revealed nine different sequence types: five msp4 sequence types were detected in ticks and seven in roe deer.

scholarly journals Ecological niche modeling of Babesia sp infection in wildlife experimentally evaluated in questing Ixodes ricinus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Zanet ◽  
Ezio Ferroglio ◽  
Elena Battisti ◽  
Paolo Tizzani
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Tick Abundance ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Presence Data ◽  
Alpine Chamois ◽  
Suitable Area ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
Babesia Spp

Tick-borne diseases and especially protozoa of the genus Babesia, are gaining increasing attention as emerging zoonotic pathogens. Zoonotic species like B. venatorum and B. microti have wild animals as main reservoir hosts. We propose a habitat suitability model for Babesia spp., as tool for institutions and policy makes to better understand the entity of Babesia presence, to improve diagnostic awareness and to optimize screening and preventive actions. The probability of presence of Babesia spp. was estimated using as presence data, wild ruminants positive by PCR to Babesia spp. which were correlated to environmental factors that can favor or limit vector and host availability. We developed three separate models to discriminate the different roles of Red deer and Roe deer and Alpine chamois in Babesia spp. epidemiology. A comprehensive model using all presence data from all ungulates species  was also developed. The overall suitable area for Babesia spp. in this simulation is of 3723 km2, which correspond to 15.51% of the background regional territory. The model developed was empirically validated assessing tick abundance in randomly chosen areas classified by the model as moderately or highly suitable for Babesia spp. Collected ticks were tested by PCR for Babesia spp. to confirm model predictions as infection prevalence with Babesia spp. was significantly higher in areas predicted as highly suitable compared to those classified by the model as moderately suitable for Babesia spp.  (X2=5.05 p<0.05, Odds Ratio OR= 2.12 CI95% 1.1-4.1).

scholarly journals Draft Anaplasma phagocytophilum Genome Sequences from Five Cows, Two Horses, and One Roe Deer Collected in Europe: TABLE 1 

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Dugat ◽  
Marie-Noëlle Rossignol ◽  
Olivier Rué ◽  
Valentin Loux ◽  
Sylvain Marthey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaplasma Phagocytophilum ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Intracellular Bacterium ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Sequence Capture ◽  
Granulocytic Anaplasmosis ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic tick-borne intracellular bacterium responsible for granulocytic anaplasmosis. As it is difficult to isolate and cultivate, only 20 A. phagocytophilum genomes have been sequenced to date. Here, we present eight A. phagocytophilum genome sequences obtained using alternative approaches based on sequence capture technology.

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