scholarly journals Sars-Cov-2 Infection in Patients on Long-Term Treatment with Macrolides in Spain: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1039
Author(s):  
Carmen Marina Meseguer Barros ◽  
Natalia Alzueta Isturiz ◽  
Rita Sainz de Rozas Aparicio ◽  
Rafael Aguilella Vizcaíno ◽  
Laura López Esteban ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Official Data

The aim of this study was to know the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 in patients treated with long-term macrolides and to describe the factors associated with worse outcomes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Primary Care setting. Patients with macrolides dispensed continuously from 1 October 2019 to 31 March 2020, were considered. Main outcome: diagnosis of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Secondary outcomes: symptoms, severity, characteristics of patients, comorbidities, concomitant treatments. A total of 3057 patients met the inclusion criteria. Median age: 73 (64–81) years; 55% were men; 62% smokers/ex-smokers; 56% obese/overweight. Overall, 95% of patients had chronic respiratory diseases and four comorbidities as a median. Prevalence of COVID-19: 4.8%. This was in accordance with official data during the first wave of the pandemic. The most common symptoms were respiratory: shortness of breath, cough, and pneumonia. Additionally, 53% percent of patients had mild/moderate symptoms, 28% required hospital admission, and 19% died with COVID-19. The percentage of patients hospitalized and deaths were 2.6 and 5.8 times higher, respectively, in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.001). There was no evidence of a beneficial effect of long-term courses of macrolides in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection or the progression to worse outcomes in old patients with underlying chronic respiratory diseases and a high burden of comorbidity.

scholarly journals Long-term re-evaluation of primary aldosteronism after medical treatment reveals high proportion of normal mineralocorticoid secretion

2013 ◽  
Vol 168 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Lucatello ◽  
Andrea Benso ◽  
Isabella Tabaro ◽  
Elena Capello ◽  
Mirko Parasiliti Caprino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Mineralocorticoid Antagonists

ObjectiveIn most cases of primary aldosteronism (PA), an adrenal aldosterone-secreting tumor cannot be reasonably proven, so these patients undergo medical treatment. Controversial data exist about the evolution of PA after medical therapy: long-term treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists has been reported to normalize aldosterone levels but other authors failed to find remission of mineralocorticoid hypersecretion. Thus, we planned to retest aldosterone secretion in patients with medically treated PA diagnosed at least 3 years before.DesignRetrospective, cross-sectional study.MethodsThe same workup for PA as at diagnosis (basal aldosterone to renin activity ratio (ARR) and aldosterone suppression test) was performed after stopping interfering drugs and low-salt diet, in 34 subjects with PA diagnosed between 3 and 15 years earlier, by case finding from subgroups of hypertensive patients at high risk for PA. Criteria for persistence of PA were the same as at diagnosis (ARR (pg/ml per ng per ml per h) >400, aldosterone >150 pg/ml basally, and >100 pg/ml after saline infusion) or less restrictive.ResultsPA was not confirmed in 26 (76%) of the patients and also not in 20 (59%) using the least restrictive criteria suggested by international guidelines. Unconfirmed PA was positively associated with female sex, higher potassium levels, longer duration of hypertension, and follow-up, but not with adrenal mass, aldosterone levels at diagnosis, and treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists.ConclusionsThis study suggests that mineralocorticoid hyperfunction in patients with PA after medical treatment may decline spontaneously. Higher potassium concentration and duration of treatment seem to increase the probability of this event.

scholarly journals Viral suppression in adults, adolescents and children receiving antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon: adolescents at high risk of virological failure in the era of “test and treat”

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Fokam ◽  
Samuel Martin Sosso ◽  
Bouba Yagai ◽  
Serge Clotaire Billong ◽  
Rina Estelle Djubgang Mbadie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Virological Success ◽  
Adherence Support ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Abstract Background After the launching of the « Test & Treat » strategy and the wider accessibility to viral load (VL), evaluating virological success (VS) would help in meeting the UNAIDS targets by 2020 in Cameroon. Setting and methods Cross-sectional study conducted in the Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management (CIRCB), Yaoundé, Cameroon; data generated between October 2016 and August 2017 amongst adults, adolescents and children at 12, 24, 36 and ≥ 48 months on ART. VS was defined as < 1000 copies/mL of blood plasma and controlled viremia as VL < 50 copies/mL. Data were analysed by SPSS; p < 0.05 considered as significant. Results 1946 patients (70% female) were enrolled (1800 adults, 105 adolescents, 41 children); 1841 were on NNRTI-based and 105 on PI-based therapy; with 346 patients at M12, 270 at M24, 205 at M36 and 1125 at ≥ M48. The median (IQR) duration on was 48 months (24–48). Overall, VS was 79.4% (95% CI 77.6–81.2) and 67.1% (95% CI 64.9–69.1) had controlled viral replication. On NNRTI-based, VS was 79.9% vs. 71.4% on PIs-based, p = 0.003. By ART duration, VS was 84.1% (M12), 85.9% (M24), 75.1% (M36) and 77.2% (≥ M48), p = 0.001. By age, VS was 75.6% (children), 53.3% (adolescents) and 81.1% (adults), p < 0.001. Conclusions In this sub-population of patients receiving ART in Cameroon, about 80% might be experiencing VS, with declining performance at adolescence, with NNRTI-based regimens, and as from 36 months on ART. Thus, improving VS may require an adapted adherence support mechanism, especially for adolescents with long-term treatment in resource-limited settings.

scholarly journals Causal Attribution and Illness Perception: A Cross-Sectional Study in Mexican Patients with Psychosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizzette Gómez-de-Regil
Keyword(s):  
Causal Attribution ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Illness Perception Questionnaire ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Illness Attribution

Health psychology researchers have begun to focus greater attention on people’s beliefs about health/illness since these beliefs can clearly affect behavior. This cross-sectional study aimed at (1) identifying the most common factors psychotic patients attribute their illness to and (2) assessing the association between causal attribution and illness perception (cognitive, emotional, and comprehensibility dimensions). Sixty-two patients (56.5% females) who had been treated for psychosis at a public psychiatric hospital in Mexico answered the Angermeyer and Klusmann Illness Attribution Scale and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire. Results showed that most patients attributed psychosis onset to social factors and that attribution to their personality might have an overwhelmingly negative effect on their lives. Acknowledging psychotic patient attributional beliefs and considering them in clinical practice could improve treatment efficacy and overall recovery success. This is particularly important in psychosis, since symptoms are often severe and/or persistent and require long-term treatment.

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