scholarly journals Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation on Soft Contact Lenses by Allium sativum Fermented Extract (BGE) and Cannabinol Oil Extract (CBD)

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Di Onofrio ◽  
Renato Gesuele ◽  
Angela Maione ◽  
Giorgio Liguori ◽  
Renato Liguori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Clinical Strain ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Soft Contact ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Soft Contact Lenses

Two natural mixtures, Allium sativum fermented extract (BGE) and cannabinol oil extract (CBD), were assessed for their ability to inhibit and remove Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms on soft contact lenses in comparison to a multipurpose Soft Contact Lens-care solution present on the Italian market. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9027 strain) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains isolated from ocular swabs were tested. Quantification of the biofilm was done using the microtiter plate assay and the fractional inhibitory concentration index was calculated. Both forms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa generated biofilms. BGE at minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) showed inhibition percentages higher than 55% for both strains, and CBD inhibited biofilm formation by about 70%. The care solution at MIC inhibited biofilm formation by about 50% for both strains tested. The effect of BGE on the eradication of the microbial biofilm on soft contact lenses at MIC was 45% eradication for P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and 36% for P. aeruginosa clinical strain. For CBD, we observed 24% biofilm eradication for both strains. For the care solution, the eradication MICs were 43% eradication for P. aeruginosa ATCC 9027 and 41% for P. aeruginosa clinical strain. It was observed that both the test soft contact lenses solution/BGE (fractional inhibitory concentration index: 0.450) and the test soft contact lenses solution/CBD (fractional inhibitory concentration index: 0.153) combinations exhibited synergistic antibiofilm activity against most of the studied bacteria. The study showed that BGE and CBD have good effect on inhibition of biofilm formation and removal of preformed biofilms, which makes them promising agents that could be exploited to develop more effective care solutions.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THUJA ORIENTALIS IN COMBINATION WITH CIPROFLOXACIN AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Thuja Orientalis

OBJECTIVES: To compare the combined antimicrobial effect of Thuja orientalis and Ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro samples. METHODS: In-vitro antibacterial activity of plant-extracts was evaluated alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa using disc-diffusion susceptibility assay (Kirby Bauer method) and minimum inhibitory concentration (96 well broth microdilution method) following CLSI guidelines. Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains were collected from Rehman Medical Institute (RMI) and Northwest General Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan and ATCC strains (no.9721) of this bacterium were collected from Agriculture University Peshawar. The organism was tested six times with crude extract and fractionation with different solvents such as n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol at concentrations of 1, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 30 and 36 mg/ml. The mean MIC and FICI (fractional inhibitory concentration index) was obtained to report the synergism. The data were analysed using SPSS version-21. RESULTS: In combination, methanolic crude extract, chloroform and butanol fraction showed synergistic effect at all tested concentrations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9721 and clinical) except with 1, 4, 16 mg/ml concentrations. Ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions shows indifference and synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 9721 and clinical) at different concentrations. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ranged from 1.24 to 3.24 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin. CONCLUSION: By disc diffusion method, this study shows synergistic effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in combination with ciprofloxacin. However, through minimum inhibitory concentration method, it shows antagonism and indifference but no synergistic effect against different fractions of plant.

scholarly journals In vitro synergy of isavuconazole in combination with colistin against Candida auris

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Schwarz ◽  
Anne-Laure Bidaud ◽  
Eric Dannaoui
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface ◽  
Surface Analysis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Response Surface Analysis ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Agar Diffusion

AbstractThe in vitro interactions of isavuconazole with colistin were evaluated against 15 clinical Candida auris isolates by a microdilution checkerboard technique based on the EUCAST reference method for antifungal susceptibility testing and by agar diffusion using isavuconazole gradient concentration strips with or without colistin incorporated RPMI agar. Interpretation of the checkerboard results was done by the fractional inhibitory concentration index and by response surface analysis based on the Bliss model. By checkerboard, combination was synergistic for 93% of the isolates when interpretation of the data was done by fractional inhibitory concentration index, and for 80% of the isolates by response surface analysis interpretation. By agar diffusion test, although all MICs in combination decreased compared to isavuconazole alone, only 13% of the isolates met the definition of synergy. Essential agreement of EUCAST and gradient concentration strip MICs at +/− 2 log2 dilutions was 93.3%. Antagonistic interactions were never observed for any technique or interpretation model used.

scholarly journals Effect the combination of antibiotics on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-692
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

Atotal of 75 different clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad Biochemical and morphological characterization tests showed that forty isolates were identified as Staphylococcus aureus Antibiotic susceptibility tests of all isolates towards ten antibiotics were carried out and results showed that many isolates (97.5 %) were resistant to ?-lactam antibiotic , 70 % were resistant to Tetracyclinee , 62.5% were resistant to co-trimoxazole , 60 % were resistant to ciprofloxacin , 55% were resistant both of chloramphenicol and erythromycin , 52.5% were resistant to gentamicin , 35% were resistant to rifampicin , 10% were resistant to vancomycin . According to the above results the S.aureus I1 which is isolated from patients with osteomyelitis showed resistant to all ten antibiotics therefore was used in the followed experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of S.aureus I1 vancomycin, cefotaxim , penicillin G, amoxicillin , ciprofloxacin , co-trimoxazole ,gentamicin, rifampicin was checked.The results showed that isolates had MIC between (390-12500) ?g/ml. The combination of different antibiotics with vancomycin showed synergistic effect based on the Fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC).

scholarly journals In Vitro Interaction of Posaconazole and Caspofungin against Clinical Isolates of Candida glabrata

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3544-3545 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Oliveira ◽  
A. W. Fothergill ◽  
W. R. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Coco ◽  
T. F. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Glabrata ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

ABSTRACT Combinations of caspofungin and posaconazole were evaluated by fractional inhibitory concentration index against 119 Candida glabrata isolates. Synergy was seen in 18% of all isolates and in 4% of fluconazole-resistant isolates at 48 h without evidence of antagonism. This antifungal combination may have utility against this organism.

scholarly journals In Vitro Interactions of Echinocandins with Triazoles against Multidrug-Resistant Candida auris

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Fakhim ◽  
Anuradha Chowdhary ◽  
Anupam Prakash ◽  
Afsane Vaezi ◽  
Eric Dannaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Candida Auris ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergistic Interactions ◽  
In Vitro Interactions

ABSTRACT We determined the in vitro interactions between echinocandins and azoles against 10 multidrug-resistant Candida auris strains by use of a microdilution checkerboard technique. Our results suggest synergistic interactions between micafungin and voriconazole with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) values of 0.15 to 0.5, and we observed indifferent interactions when micafungin was combined with fluconazole (FICI, 0.62 to 1.5). Combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole or voriconazole exhibited indifferent interactions. No antagonism was observed for any combination.

scholarly journals Combinations of Lysostaphin with β-Lactams Are Synergistic against Oxacillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2017-2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Kiri ◽  
Gordon Archer ◽  
Michael W. Climo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Synergy Testing ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT Oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is rapidly killed by the endopeptidase lysostaphin, and the addition of β-lactam antibiotics provides synergistic killing. We investigated the possibility that β-lactams given in combination with lysostaphin would improve the activity of lysostaphin against oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (ORSE), which is normally less susceptible to lysostaphin. Checkerboard synergy testing was performed for lysostaphin given in combination with oxacillin against 10 ORSE isolates for which the lysostaphin MICs were ≥ 8 μg/ml. The fractional inhibitory concentration index ranged from 0.0234 to 0.2656, indicating synergy, which was confirmed in growth curve experiments. In the rabbit model of experimental aortic valve endocarditis using an ORSE strain, the combination of lysostaphin and nafcillin was as effective as vancomycin alone and significantly better than lysostaphin or nafcillin alone. We conclude that β-lactam antibiotics given in combination with lysostaphin are synergistic against many strains of ORSE.

scholarly journals Synergy between Trovafloxacin and Ceftriaxone against Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci in the Rabbit Meningitis Model and In Vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2179-2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Cottagnoud ◽  
Fernando Acosta ◽  
Marianne Cottagnoud ◽  
Klaus Neftel ◽  
Martin G. Täuber
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
Pneumococcal Strain ◽  
Bactericidal Activities

ABSTRACT The bactericidal activities of monotherapy with trovafloxacin (−0.37 ± 0.15 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), vancomycin (−0.32 ± 0.12 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), and ceftriaxone (−0.36 ± 0.19 Δlog10CFU/ml · h) for the treatment of experimental meningitis in rabbits due to a clinical penicillin-resistant pneumococcal strain (MIC, 4 mg/liter) were similar. The combination of ceftriaxone with trovafloxacin considerably improved the killing rates (−0.67 ± 0.16 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h) and was slightly superior to ceftriaxone with vancomycin (killing rate, −0.53 ± 0.22 Δlog10 CFU/ml · h), the regimen most commonly used in clinical practice. In vitro, synergy was demonstrated between ceftriaxone and trovafloxacin by the checkerboard method (fractional inhibitory concentration index, 0.5) and by time-killing assays over 8 h.

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