scholarly journals Heme Peroxidases at Unperturbed and Inflamed Mucous Surfaces

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805
Author(s):  
Jürgen Arnhold
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Hypohalous Acids ◽  
Pseudo Halides ◽  
Environmental Milieu ◽  
Heme Peroxidases

In our organism, mucous surfaces are important boundaries against the environmental milieu with defined fluxes of metabolites through these surfaces and specific rules for defense reactions. Major mucous surfaces are formed by epithelia of the respiratory system and the digestive tract. The heme peroxidases lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) contribute to immune protection at epithelial surfaces and in secretions. Whereas LPO is secreted from epithelial cells and maintains microbes in surface linings on low level, MPO and EPO are released from recruited neutrophils and eosinophils, respectively, at inflamed mucous surfaces. Activated heme peroxidases are able to oxidize (pseudo)halides to hypohalous acids and hypothiocyanite. These products are involved in the defense against pathogens, but can also contribute to cell and tissue damage under pathological conditions. This review highlights the beneficial and harmful functions of LPO, MPO, and EPO at unperturbed and inflamed mucous surfaces. Among the disorders, special attention is directed to cystic fibrosis and allergic reactions.

A Review on Functions of Rakt Dhatu and Prana Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Vishal Shamrao Patil ◽  
Dr. (Mrs.) Manisha V. Bhalsing
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Lung Function Tests ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Forced Breathing

Lung function tests are useful in assessing the functional status of Respiratory system in both in physiological as well as pathological conditions. These are based on the measurement of volume of air breathed in and out in quite breathing & forced breathing. Air in lungs is classified in to two divisions’ lung volumes & lung capacities. Lung Capacities are the combination of two or more lung volumes. The concept of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu is important in case of respiration because Charaka says that pure blood provides the person with strength, luster & happy life because vital breath follows blood. It represents mechanism of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood & its relation with functioning capacity of Lungs. So In this article attempt has been made to review concepts regarding functions of Rakt Dhatu & Vayu to Establish Lung Function Capacity.

scholarly journals COMPLEX ORPHAN PATHOLOGY: COMORBIDITY OF MUCOVISCIDOSIS AND CONGENITAL DYSFUNCTION OF ADRENAL GLANDS CORTEX (REFERENCES REVIEW AND OWN RESEARCH)

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1790-1795
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Ryznychuk ◽  
Vasyl P. Pishak ◽  
Тatiana V. Khmara ◽  
Nataliia V. Bachuk-Ponych ◽  
Valentyna N. Pidgirna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Late Diagnosis ◽  
Substitution Therapy ◽  
Adrenogenital Syndrome ◽  
Mixed Form ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Appropriate Therapy ◽  
Viral Form

The aim: The clinical case was studied: comorbidity of mucoviscidosis and congenital dysfunction of adrenal glands cortex. Materials and methods: The clinical case of combined orphan pathology – cystic fibrosis and congenital dysfunction of adrenal glands cortex (adrenogenital syndrome) has been described. Clinical case: A 2-month child has been diagnosed with mucoviscidosis, of a mixed form, which was genetically confirmed. The proband and the father were found to be heterozygotes for the F508del mutation of the CFTR gene (the father suffers from mucoviscidosis). Congenital dysfunction of the adrenal glands, a viral form, was diagnosed when he was three years old. The child is currently receiving: Creon 100 000 units per day with eating, Colomycin 1 vial per day, Pulmozyme 2.5 mg/2.5 ml daily in the morning for inhalations, Ursofalk 600 mg every day constantly, Hydrocortisone 50 mg/day. Conclusions: This clinical case can be attributed to rare, as most such pathological conditions are usually diagnosed in maternity homes along with the prescription of appropriate therapy. This is an example of late diagnosis of the viral form of congenital adrenal dysfunction against the background of cystic fibrosis, indicating the need for earlier detection and timely introduction of substitution therapy to improve favourable prognosis for a disease.

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Oscillatory PEP and Thoracic Compression on Secretion Removal and Impedance of the Respiratory System in Non–Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 818-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Helena de Souza Simoni ◽  
Daniele Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Hugo Celso Dutra de Souza ◽  
José Antonio Baddini-Martinez ◽  
Marcel Koenigkam Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Acute Effects

scholarly journals Applying Petitmengin’s Explicitation Interview Method to Elicit the Lived Experience of Breathing Upon Waking by an Individual With Cystic Fibrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 856-868
Author(s):  
Sigrid Ladores
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
End Stage

Breathing is an act that most people do not consciously evoke unless there is a presence of illness that affects the respiratory system. Adults generally take in 12 to 15 breaths per minute without even a thought about the body’s mechanics that allow for proper oxygenation and ventilation. However, for those with pulmonary compromise, breathing becomes a very conscious, deliberate, and sometimes laborious act. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of the explicitation method by Petitmengin by interviewing a subject to elicit the lived experience of breathing by an individual with end-stage cystic fibrosis (CF). To apply the interview method, the following phenomenological question guided the interviewer’s approach: What is the lived experience of breathing upon waking for an individual with CF? This paper includes a transcription of the interview followed by a self-critique, textual analysis, and discussion of the implications to health care.

scholarly journals Forced oscillations and respiratory system modeling in adults with cystic fibrosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adma N Lima ◽  
Alvaro CD Faria ◽  
Agnaldo J Lopes ◽  
José M Jansen ◽  
Pedro L Melo
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Forced Oscillations

Antioxidant properties of cystic fibrosis sputum

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (5) ◽  
pp. L903-L909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurlan Dauletbaev ◽  
Jens Rickmann ◽  
Klaus Viel ◽  
Holger Diegel ◽  
Christian von Mallinckrodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Sputum Induction ◽  
Protein Thiols ◽  
Fetal Bovine ◽  
Heme Peroxidases ◽  
In Cells

Oxidative stress is a likely contributor to the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. However, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a physiological oxidant, is not elevated in CF exhalates. H2O2may be neutralized by antioxidants in CF airway secretions. The H2O2-detoxifying capacity of CF airway secretions, obtained via sputum induction, was studied in an in vitro H2O2cytotoxicity model. 16HBE14o- cells were exposed to H2O2in culture medium containing either 0 or 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 10% CF sputum supernatant (extracted without use of dithiothreitol). The efficiency of H2O2neutralization was estimated by measuring intracellular oxidant levels (dihydrorhodamine 123) after 2 h and cell viability (propidium iodide) after 24 h of H2O2exposure. Furthermore, the presence of reduced thiols (DTNB assay) and reduced glutathione (recycling assay) in CF sputum samples was evaluated. CF sputum extracts completely prevented intracellular oxidant accumulation seen in cells incubated with H2O2in both control media (i.e., 0 or 10% FBS). Furthermore, CF sputum abolished cell death in 16HBE14o- cells exposed to up to 1 mM H2O2. In contrast, there was 100% cytotoxicity in cells exposed to 600 μM H2O2in both control media. The H2O2-detoxifying potential of CF sputum was sustained after catalase and heme peroxidases were inactivated by sodium azide, which does not affect glutathione peroxidase. In addition, reduced protein thiols were found in abundance in CF sputum. In conclusion, CF sputum is capable to neutralize H2O2and abundant reduced thiols and/or glutathione peroxidase are fully sufficient to detoxify H2O2.

Allergic Reactions to Parenteral Beta-lactam Antibiotics in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis

CHEST Journal ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1124-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy A. Pleasants ◽  
Terrence R. Walker ◽  
Wayne M. Samuelson
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics

scholarly journals Ammonia-Induced Energy Metabolism Disorder and Autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 Pathway in Chicken Livers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Zhiying Miao ◽  
Linlin Ding ◽  
Jun Bao ◽  
Xiaohua Teng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Energy Metabolism Disorder

Abstract BackgroundAmmonia (NH3) is a well-known environmental pollution gas, threatening human health. NH3 is also the most harmful gas to poultry for many years. Some studies have found NH3 can damage eyes, respiratory system, and digestive system. However, molecular mechanism of NH3 toxicity on chicken livers remains unclear. MethodsIn this study, we selected chicken liver as research object and successfully duplicated NH3 poisoning model of chickens. The ultrastructure of chicken livers was observed. The activities of ATPases (Na+K+-ATPase, Mg++-ATPase, Ca++-ATPase, and Ca++Mg++-ATPase) and the expression of energy metabolism-related genes (HK1, HK2, PK, PFK, PDHX, CS, LDHA, LDHB, AMPK, SDHA, SDHB, and avUCP) and autophagy-related genes (PI3K, LC3I, LC3II, Beclin1, SQSTM1, mTOR, ULK1, ATG5, ATG12, and ATG13) were measured to explore the effect of NH3 on energy metabolism and autophagy in chicken livers.ResultsOur results showed that excess NH3 caused liver tissue damage. Meanwhile, ATPases activities were inhibited during NH3 treatment. Moreover, we found that NH3 exposure altered the expression of energy metabolism-related and autophagy-related genes. NH3-induced compensatory increase of AMPK activated autophagy process through inhibiting mTOR and promoting ULK1. In addition. there was dose-dependent and time-dependent effects on all detected indexes in NH3-caused chicken liver damage. ConclusionExcess NH3 induced energy metabolism disorder and autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in chicken livers.

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