scholarly journals Data-Centric Communication Framework for Multicast IEC 61850 Routable GOOSE Messages over the WAN in Modern Power Systems

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek A. Youssef ◽  
Mohammad Mahmoudian Esfahani ◽  
Osama Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Communication Framework ◽  
Data Distribution Service ◽  
Florida International University

In this paper, a data-centric communication framework is proposed for multicast routable generic object-oriented substation event (GOOSE) messages (MRGM) over the wide area network (WAN) for effective substation-to-substation (SS2SS) and substation to control center (SS2CC) communications. In this structure, the IEC 61850 GOOSE message is transmitted over the WAN using the data distribution service (DDS) as a fast, reliable, and secure data-centric communication middleware. The main feature of this framework is its multicast capability, where several authorized subscribers can receive a published message simultaneously. This can significantly improve the system monitoring and control of the protection systems in modern smart grids, where intelligent schemes can be applied. The effectiveness of the proposed platform, in terms of total end-to-end delay between participants, is evaluated through experimental results obtained from the actual hardware-based test setup developed at the Florida International University (FIU) smart grid testbed. The results demonstrate that the latency between sending and receiving a GOOSE message among participants is within its maximum time span defined by the IEC 61850-90-5 working group for communications over the WAN.

scholarly journals Modeling and Integrating PV Stations into IEC 61850 XMPP Intelligent Edge Computing Gateway

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Hung Liu ◽  
Jyh-Cherng Gu
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Data Privacy ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Decision Latency ◽  
Information Models

Distributed energy resources (DERs) are being widely interconnected to electrical power grids. The dispersed and intermittent generational mixes bring technical and economic challenges to the power systems in terms of stability, reliability, and interoperability. In practice, most of the communication technologies in DER are provided by proprietary communication protocols, which are not designed for the prevention of cyber security over a wide area network, and methodology of DER integration is not unified. This has made it technically difficult for power utilities and aggregators to monitor and control the DER systems after they are interconnected with the electrical grids. Moreover, peer to peer communication between DER systems as well as local intelligent computation is required to reduce decision latency and enhance the stability of the smart grid or microgrid. In this paper, the first, novel architecture of IEC 61850 XMPP (extensible messaging and presence protocol) of the edge computing gateway, involving advanced concepts and technologies, was developed and completely studied to counter the abovementioned challenges. The results show that the proposed architecture can enhance the DER system’s effective integration, security in data communication and transparency for interoperability. The novel and advanced concepts involve first modeling the topology of the photovoltaic (PV) station to IEC 61850 information models according to the IEC 61850-7-4 logical nodes and the DER-specific logical nodes defined in IEC 61850-7-420. This guarantees the interoperability between DER and DER, DER and utility and DER and the energy service operator. The second step was to map the information models to IEC 61850-8-2 XMPP for the specific communication protocol in DER applications. XMPP protocol, a publish/subscribe communication mechanism, is recommended in DER applications because of its characteristics of cybersecurity and authenticated encryption. After that we enabled the edge computing capability for data processing and the analytics of the DER side for time-critical missions. The aggregated data was then sent to the control center in the cloud. By applying the edge computing architecture, the system reduced decision latency, improved data privacy and enhanced security. The goal of this paper was to introduce the practical methodologies of these novel concepts to academics and industrial engineers.

scholarly journals Certificate Based Authentication Mechanism for PMU Communication Networks Based on IEC 61850-90-5

Electronics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaik Farooq ◽  
S. Hussain ◽  
Siddavaram Kiran ◽  
Taha Ustun
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Authentication Code ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Authentication Mechanism ◽  
Critical Requirement ◽  
Grid Operation

Smart grids are becoming increasingly popular thanks to their ability to operate with higher precision and smaller margins. Dynamic operation control in smart grids can be achieved with phasor measurement unit (PMU) based wide area monitoring and control systems. The data communication requirements for the PMU based applications are well addressed in the IEEE C37.118.2 and IEC 61850-90-5 standards. Due to the higher probability of cyberattacks and the scale of their impact, data security is a critical requirement in PMU communication networks. The IEC 61850-90-5 communication standard addresses this security concern and proposes the HMAC (hash based message authentication code) with key distribution center (KDC) scheme for achieving information authentication and integrity. However, these IEC 61850-90-5 security recommendations do not consider the mechanism for attacks such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks during KDC key exchanges. MITM attacks can be easily implemented and may have a large impact on the grid operation. This paper proposed an explicit certificate-based authentication mechanism to mitigate MITM attacks in PMU communication networks. The proposed certificate-based authentication mechanisms were implemented in real-time using Python-based terminals to observe their performance with different signature algorithms.

Enabling Cross-technology Communication from LoRa to ZigBee via Payload Encoding in Sub-1 GHz Bands

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Junyang Shi ◽  
Di Mu ◽  
Mo Sha
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Mesh Networks ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Wireless Monitoring ◽  
Wireless Mesh ◽  
Communication Approach ◽  
The Cost ◽  
And Control

Low-power wireless mesh networks (LPWMNs) have been widely used in wireless monitoring and control applications. Although LPWMNs work satisfactorily most of the time thanks to decades of research, they are often complex, inelastic to change, and difficult to manage once the networks are deployed. Moreover, the deliveries of control commands, especially those carrying urgent information such as emergency alarms, suffer long delay, since the messages must go through the hop-by-hop transport. Recent studies show that adding low-power wide-area network radios such as LoRa onto the LPWMN devices (e.g., ZigBee) effectively overcomes the limitation. However, users have shown a marked reluctance to embrace the new heterogeneous communication approach because of the cost of hardware modification. In this article, we introduce LoRaBee, a novel LoRa to ZigBee cross-technology communication (CTC) approach, which leverages the energy emission in the Sub-1 GHz bands as the carrier to deliver information. Although LoRa and ZigBee adopt distinct modulation techniques, LoRaBee sends information from LoRa to ZigBee by putting specific bytes in the payload of legitimate LoRa packets. The bytes are selected such that the corresponding LoRa chirps can be recognized by the ZigBee devices through sampling the received signal strength. Experimental results show that our LoRaBee provides reliable CTC communication from LoRa to ZigBee with the throughput of up to 281.61 bps in the Sub-1 GHz bands.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Class B LoRaWAN for the Coordination of Distributed Interface Protection Systems in Smart Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasetti ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni ◽  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Stefano Rinaldi ◽  
Alessandro Depari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Time ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Maximum Response ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Class B ◽  
Maximum Response Time

The adoption of the distributed generation paradigm is introducing several changes in the design and operation of modern distribution networks. Modern grid codes are becoming more and more complex, and the adoption of smart protection systems is becoming mandatory. However, the adoption of newer and smarter units is only half of the story. Proper communication networks must be provided as well, and the overall costs may become critical. In this work, the adoption of the Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is suggested as a viable approach to implement the coordination of Interface Protection Systems. A proper communication architecture based on the LoRaWAN Class B technology was proposed and evaluated in order to assess its feasibility for the considered application. A scalability analysis was carried out, by computing the number of devices that can be handled by a single LoRaWAN Gateway (GW) and the maximum expected time of response between a triggering event and the arrival of the related coordination command. The results of the study showed that up to 312 devices can be managed by a single GW, by assuring a maximum response time of 22.95 s. A faster maximum response time of 6.2 s is also possible by reducing the number of managed devices to 12.

scholarly journals IEC-61850-Based Communication for Integrated EV Management in Power Systems with Renewable Penetration

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2493
Author(s):  
Taha Selim Ustun ◽  
S. M. Suhail Hussain ◽  
Mazheruddin H. Syed ◽  
Paulius Dambrauskas
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Communication Model ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Electrical Systems ◽  
Communication Models ◽  
Management Schemes ◽  
Message Mapping ◽  
And Control

As the number of EVs increases, their impact on electrical systems will be substantial. Novel management schemes are needed to manage the electrical load they require when charging. Literature is rich with different techniques to manage and control this effect on the grid by controlling and optimizing power flow. Although these solutions heavily rely on communication lines, they mostly treat communication as a black box. It is important to develop communication solutions that can integrate EVs, charging stations (CSs), and the rest of the grid in an interoperable way. A standard approach would be indispensable as there are different EV models manufactured by different companies. The IEC 61850 standard is a strong tool used for developing communication models for different smart grid components. However, it does not have the necessary models for implementing smart EV management schemes that coordinate between EVs and CSs. In this paper, these missing links are addressed through the development of corresponding models and message mapping. A hardware-in-the-loop test is performed to validate the communication models and cross-platform operation. Then, a co-simulation environment is used to perform a combined study of communication and the power system components. The developed communication model helps integrate the EVs to a centralized, coordinated voltage control scheme. These models can be used to run extensive impact studies where different domains of smart grids need to be considered simultaneously. The main contribution of this paper is the development of smartgrid communication solutions for enabling successful information exchanges.

scholarly journals A Novel Security Methodology for Smart Grids: A Case Study of Microcomputer-Based Encryption for PMU Devices

Complexity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Metin Varan ◽  
Akif Akgul ◽  
Fatih Kurugollu ◽  
Ahmet Sansli ◽  
Kim Smith
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Power System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Secure Communication ◽  
Data Exchange ◽  
Hyperchaotic System ◽  
Iec 61850 ◽  
Encryption Decryption ◽  
Communication Frameworks

Coordination of a power system with the phasor measurement devices (PMUs) in real time on the load and generation sides is carried out within the context of smart grid studies. Power systems equipped with information systems in a smart grid pace with external security threats. Developing a smart grid which can resist against cyber threats is considered indispensable for the uninterrupted operation. In this study, a two-way secure communication methodology underpinned by a chaos-based encryption algorithm for PMU devices is proposed. The proposed system uses the IEEE-14 busbar system on which the optimum PMU placement has been installed. The proposed hyperchaotic system-based encryption method is applied as a new security methodology among PMU devices. The success of results is evaluated by the completeness of data exchange, durations, the complexity of encryption-decryption processes, and strength of cryptography using a microcomputer-based implementation. The results show that the proposed microcomputer-based encryption algorithms can be directly embedded as encryption hardware units into PMU and PDC devices which have very fast signal processing capabilities taking into considerations the acceptable delay time for power system protection and measuring applications and quality metering applications which is 2 ms and 10 ms, respectively. While proposed algorithms can be used in TCP or UDP over IP-based IEEE C37.118, IEC 61850, and IEC 61850-90-5 communication frameworks, they can also be embedded into electronic cards, smartcards, or smart tokens which are utilized for authentication among smart grid components.

Performance assessment of a low power wide area network in rural smart grids

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos H. Barriquello ◽  
Daniel P. Bernardon ◽  
Luciane Neves Canha ◽  
Flavio E. Soares e Silva ◽  
Daniel Sperb Porto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network

scholarly journals Standards for Cyber-Physical Energy Systems—Two Case Studies from Sensor Technology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Krutwig ◽  
Bernhard Kölmel ◽  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Kejo Starosta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Physical Energy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Energy

Cyber-physical energy systems (CPES) describe a specialization of the cyber-physical system concept, in which energy systems are transformed into intelligent energy networks. These systems provide the basis for the realization of smart microgrids and smart grids. In the last decade, numerous research projects have intensively explored the fundamentals and modeling of CPES and validated them in pilot projects. In the meantime, more and more CPES solutions have been appearing on the market and the battle for the most suitable standards has begun. This paper gives an overview of the currently available standards for CPES sensor technologies and assesses the suitability for implementation. In two case studies in the application area of operational energy management in German companies, a sensor retrofitting is described—once with proprietary technology and once using the standards Long Range (LoRa) Wide Area Network and OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA). As a result, the shortcomings of the standards for their use in CPES are shown and discussed. OPC UA, which was originally developed for the manufacturing industry, turns out to be to be a suitable standard for a wide range of CPES implementations.

scholarly journals On the Use of LoRaWAN for the Monitoring and Control of Distributed Energy Resources in a Smart Campus

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pasetti ◽  
Paolo Ferrari ◽  
Diego Rodrigo Cabral Silva ◽  
Ivanovitch Silva ◽  
Emiliano Sisinni
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Distributed Energy Resources ◽  
Smart Environments ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Smart Campus ◽  
And Control

The application of the most recent advances of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) technology to the automation of buildings is emerging as a promising solution to achieve greater efficiencies in energy consumption, and to allow the realization of sustainable models. The application of IoT has been demonstrated as effective in many fields, such as confirmed, for instance, by the Industry 4.0 concepts, which are revolutionizing modern production chains. By following this approach, the use of distributed control architectures and of IoT technologies (both wired and wireless) would result in effective solutions for the management of smart environments composed of groups of buildings, such as campuses. In this case, heterogeneous IoT solutions are typically adopted to satisfy the requirements of the very diverse possible scenarios (e.g., indoor versus outdoor coverage, mobile versus fixed nodes, just to mention a few), making their large-scale integration cumbersome. To cope with this issue, this paper presents an IoT architecture able to transparently manage different communication protocols in smart environments, and investigates its possible application for the monitoring and control of distributed energy resources in a smart campus. In particular, a use–case focused on the integration of the Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) technology is considered to cope with heterogeneous indoor and outdoor communication scenarios. The feasibility analysis of the proposed solution is carried out by computing the scalability limits of the approach, based on the proposed smart campus data model. The results of the study showed that the proposed solution would be able to manage more than 10,000 nodes. An experimental validation of the LoRaWAN technology confirms its suitability in terms of coverage and latency, with a minimum LoRaWAN cell coverage range of 250 m, and a communication latency of about 400 ms. Finally, the advantages of the proposed solution in the supervision and management of a PV system are highlighted in a real-world scenario.

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