scholarly journals Effect of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of Synthesized TiO2 Nanoparticles via Wet Ball Milling Sol-Gel Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siripond Phromma ◽  
Tuksadon Wutikhun ◽  
Panita Kasamechonchung ◽  
Tippabust Eksangsri ◽  
Chaweewan Sapcharoenkun
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Phase Mixture ◽  
Size Crystallite

In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized with narrow size distribution via a wet ball milling sol-gel method. The effect of calcination temperature on photocatalytic activity was observed from particle size, crystallite size, and phase transition of TiO2 nanoparticles. Increasing calcination temperature increased particle size, crystallite size, and the crystallinity of synthesized TiO2. Phase transition depended on variation in calcination temperatures. A two-phase mixture of anatase and brookite was obtained with lower calcination temperature whereas a three-phase mixture appeared when calcination temperature was 500–600 °C. With higher temperature, the rutile phase kept increasing until it was the only phase observed at 800 °C. Anatase strongly affected the photocatalytic activity from 300 °C to 600 °C while the particle size of TiO2 was found to have a dominant effect on the photocatalytic activity between 600 °C and 700 °C. A mixture of three phases of TiO2-600 exhibited the highest methylene blue degradation with the rate constant of 9.46 × 10−2 h−1 under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF CALCINATION TEMPERATURE ON STRUCTURAL-DIMENSIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF C,S-DOPED TiO2 NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY IN THE CEFTAZIDIME AND DOXYCYCLINE PHOTODEGRADATION PROCESSES

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 95-119
Author(s):  
Natalia Romanovska ◽  
Petro Manoryk ◽  
Oleksandr Selyshchev ◽  
Pavlo Yaremov ◽  
Olexander Shylzshenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Doped Tio2 ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Tio2 Nanostructures

Mesoporous C, S-doped TiO2 nanostructures were obtained by solvothermal sol-gel method followed by calcination at different temperatures. It was found that with increasing calcination temperature, the crystallite size remains in the same range of 9–10 nm, while the morphology of TiO2 nanoparticles significantly changes, and the anatase content increases from 42% to 95%. At the same time the nanoparticle size (from 85 to 45 nm), the specific surface area (200–130 m2/g), the mesoporous area (from 170 to 70 m2/g), and the carbon (0.80–0.41%) and sulfur (1.39–0.89%) contents decrease. Varying the calcination temperature allows TiO2 nanostructures to be obtained with a certain balance of these structural-dimensional characteristics that provides high photocatalytic activity in the processes of ceftazidime and doxycycline photodegradation.

Preparation of Mesoporous Magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4 Photocatalysts Using Ionic Liquid as Template Agent

2013 ◽  
Vol 345 ◽  
pp. 201-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Wang ◽  
Lan Bo Di ◽  
Li Juan Zhang ◽  
Gui Fu Dong ◽  
Xiu Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Analysis

A simple sol-gel method using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazoliun tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM]BF4) ionic liquid as template agent was used to prepared mesoporous magnetic TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts (denoted as IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4). The photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis. The results showed that well crystallized anatase TiO2in IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4photocatalysts could be obtained when the calcination temperature was as low as 200 °C, and the phase transition temperature from anatase to rutile was increased to 800 °C. BET analysis showed that IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was mesoporous structure. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results showed that photocatalytic activity of IL-TiO2/CoFe2O4was 6 times higher than that of TiO2/CoFe2O4when a low calcination temperature of 350 °C was used.

Probing the Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Structure and Properties of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Stein ◽  
Chien-Fan Chen ◽  
Matthew Mullings ◽  
David Jaime ◽  
Audrey Zaleski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Ball Milling ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Li Ion

Particle size plays an important role in the electrochemical performance of cathodes for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. High energy planetary ball milling of LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode materials was investigated as a route to reduce the particle size and improve the electrochemical performance. The effect of ball milling times, milling speeds, and composition on the structure and properties of NMC cathodes was determined. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that ball milling decreased primary particle (crystallite) size by up to 29%, and the crystallite size was correlated with the milling time and milling speed. Using relatively mild milling conditions that provided an intermediate crystallite size, cathodes with higher capacities, improved rate capabilities, and improved capacity retention were obtained within 14 μm-thick electrode configurations. High milling speeds and long milling times not only resulted in smaller crystallite sizes but also lowered electrochemical performance. Beyond reduction in crystallite size, ball milling was found to increase the interfacial charge transfer resistance, lower the electrical conductivity, and produce aggregates that influenced performance. Computations support that electrolyte diffusivity within the cathode and film thickness play a significant role in the electrode performance. This study shows that cathodes with improved performance are obtained through use of mild ball milling conditions and appropriately designed electrodes that optimize the multiple transport phenomena involved in electrochemical charge storage materials.

Preparation and Photocatalytic Activity of Mixed Phase Anatase/rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles for Phenol Degradation

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed ◽  
Wan Norharyati Wan Salleh ◽  
Juhana Jaafar ◽  
Norhaniza Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Phenol Degradation ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Rutile Tio2 ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Degussa P25

The evolution of desirable physico-chemical properties in high performance photocatalyst materials involves steps that must be carefully designed, controlled, and optimized. This study investigated the role of key parameter in the preparation and photocatalytic activity analysis of the mixed phase of anatase/rutile TiO2 nanoparticles, prepared via sol-gel method containing titanium-n-butoxide Ti(OBu)4 as a precursor material, nitric acid as catalyst, and isopropanol as solvent. The prepared TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and BET analyses, and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The results indicated that the calcination temperature play an important role in the physico-chemical properties and photocatalytic activity of the resulting TiO2 nanoparticles. Different calcination temperatures would result in different composition of anatase and rutile. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared mixed phase of anatase/rutile TiO2 nanoparticles was measured by photodegradation of 50 ppm phenol in an aqueous solution. The commercial anatase from Sigma-Aldrich and Degussa P25 were used for comparison purpose. The mixed phase of anatase/rutile TiO2 nanoparticles (consists of 38.3% anatase and 61.7% rutile) that was prepared at 400°C exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity of 84.88% degradation of phenol. The result was comparable with photocatalytic activity demonstrated by Degussa P25 by 1.54% difference in phenol degradation. The results also suggested that the mixed phase of anatase/rutile TiO2 nanoparticles is a promising candidate for the phenol degradation process. The high performance of photocatalyst materials may be obtained by adopting a judicious combination of anatase/rutile and optimized calcination conditions.

Effect of Annealing Temperature on Phase Transition of Nanoalumina Synthesized by Auto-Combustion Route

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Adil ◽  
Hasnah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Kean Chuan Lee ◽  
Noor Rasyada Ahmad Latiff
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Crystalline Phases ◽  
Auto Combustion

Nanocrystalline Al2O3 powder has been successfully synthesized by a simple and fast sol-gel auto-combustion method. The transformation of crystalline phases of as-synthesized nano powders was investigated through X-ray diffraction in terms of their crystallinity and crystallite size. Subsequently, a detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation, including specific area electron diffraction (SAED) analysis revealed the crystallographic alterations and morphological information even at lattice scale which co-include the XRD analysis. The results obtained allow to explain the evolution of an amorphous state into different crystalline phases with increased calcining temperature; and their relation to particle size. The particle size is found to be closely related to phase transition of Al2O3 from γ → δ → θ → κ →α. The existence of distinctive bonds and band energy were studied by employing Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-visible spectroscopy, respectively. On the other hand, thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) had also been performed to confirm the phase purity of nano powder.

scholarly journals Bismuth Oxide Prepared by Sol-Gel Method: Variation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity Due to Difference in Calcination Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Yayuk Astuti ◽  
Brigita Maria Listyani ◽  
Linda Suyati ◽  
Adi Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Body Center Cubic

Research on synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) using sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures at 500, 600, and 700 °C has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of the obtained products which encompasses crystal structure, surface morphology, band-gap energy, and photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methyl orange dyes through its kinetic study. Bismuth oxide prepared by sol-gel method was undertaken by dissolving Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and citric acid in HNO3. The mixture was stirred then heated at 100 °C. The gel formed was dried in the oven and then calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 5 h. The obtained products were a pale yellow powder, indicating the formation of bismuth oxide. This is confirmed by the existence of Bi–O and Bi–O–Bi functional groups through FTIR analysis. All three products possess the same mixed crystal structures of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and γ-Bi2O3 (body center cubic), but their morphologies and band gap values are different. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the particle size and the smaller the band gap value. The accumulative differences in characteristics appoint SG700 to have the highest photocatalytic activity compared to SG600 and SG500 as indicated by its percent degradation value and decolorization rate constant.

Effect of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Degradation Performance of Electrospun β-Ga2O3 Nanofibers

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 4016-4021
Author(s):  
Myeongjun Ji ◽  
Jeong Hyun Kim ◽  
Cheol-Hui Ryu ◽  
Young-In Lee
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Crystallite Size ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Gallium Nitrate ◽  
Efficient Charge ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Dye Molecule

In the present work, Ga2O3 nanofibers were successfully synthesized by electrospinning a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and gallium nitrate, followed by temperature-controlled calcination treatment of the as-spun PVP and gallium nitrate composite nanofibers. The crystallinity and crystallite size of the Ga2O3 nanofibers can be readily controlled by varying the calcination temperature. From the physicochemical analysis results of the synthesized nanofiber, it was found that the nanofiber calcined at a higher temperature showed a higher crystallinity and a larger crystallite size. The photocatalytic degradation results on rhodamine-B (Rho B) revealed that the photocatalytic activity of the Ga2O3 nanofibers can be improved by optimizing the conflicting characteristics, crystallinity and crystallite size, through the control of the calcination temperature. The photocatalytic activity of a nanofiber calcined at 800 °C for the degradation of Rho B under ultraviolet irradiation exhibits 2.39 and 1.16 times higher than that of nanofibers synthesized at 700 °C and 900 °C, respectively, which is ascribed to relatively efficient charge transfer and dye molecule adsorption by its proper crystallinity and crystallite size.

Influence of Calcination Temperature on Particle Size and Photocatalytic Activity of Nanosized NiO Powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 1777-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranwadee Kaewmuang ◽  
Titipun Thongtem ◽  
Somchai Thongtem ◽  
Sila Kittiwachana ◽  
Sulawan Kaowphong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Calcination Temperature

scholarly journals The Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2-Acetylacetone Charge Transfer Complex towards Degradation of NOx under Visible Light

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1463
Author(s):  
Lucas A. Almeida ◽  
Margarita Habran ◽  
Rafael dos Santos Carvalho ◽  
Marcelo E. H. Maia da Costa ◽  
Marco Cremona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Calcination Temperature ◽  
Charge Transfer Complex ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Photocatalytic Efficiency ◽  
Nanocrystalline Tio2

The improvement of photocatalytic activity of TiO2-based nanomaterials is widely investigated due to the tentative of their industrialization as environmental photocatalysts and their inherently low solar spectrum sensitivity and rapid recombination of charge carriers. Coupling of oxygen-based bidentate diketone to nanocrystalline TiO2 represents a potential alternative for improving the holdbacks. Formation of TiO2-acetylacetone charge transfer complex (CTC) by sol-gel route results in a hybrid semiconductor material with photodegradation activity against toxic NOx gas. In this research, the influence of the chelating agent acetylacetone (ACAC) content on the CTC photocatalytic efficiency under visible light was evaluated. A high content of ACAC in the CTC is not a decisive factor for efficiency of photocatalytic reactions. In fact, the highest efficiency for NOx degradation (close to 100%, during 1 h of visible light exposure) was reported for the material calcined in air at 300 °C with the content of strongly bonded acetylacetone not higher than 3 wt.%. Higher calcination temperature (400 °C) left TiO2 almost completely depleted in ACAC, while at the highest applied temperature (550 °C) a portion of anatase was transformed into rutile and the sample is free of ACAC. The analyses pointed out that superoxide anion radical (O2−) plays an active role in photo-oxidation of NOx. Our findings indicate that this CTC has both high visible light spectral sensitivity and photocatalytic efficiency.

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