Combined Effects of Water Deficit, Exogenous Ethylene Application and Root Symbioses on Trigonelline and ABA Accumulation in Fenugreek

Secondary metabolites (SMs) have high economic impact thanks to their exploitability in chemical, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Trigonella foenum-graecum has an importance due to the production of bioactive compounds with pharmaceutical values. Among them, the alkaloid trigonelline is known for its role in the treatment of different human diseases. SM accumulation is influenced by environmental factors but is modulated by the application of exogenous compounds. Ethephon, a precursor of the phytohormone ethylene, was already used to influence SM accumulation. Our work is aimed at evaluating the accumulation of trigonelline and the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) when three factors were combined: i) two levels of water regimes (well-watered and water deficit), ii) ethephon treatments and iii) inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM)-based inoculum also leading to nodulation. The content of trigonelline and ABA was significantly affected by symbioses, showing high accumulation in AM-colonized plants irrespective of the water regimes applied. In terms of trigonelline accumulation with respect to ethephon treatments, while symbiotic plants showed a dose-dependent trend, non-symbiotic plants showed a significantly difference only when 550 ppm of ethephon was applied. In conclusion, our work provides new information on the effects of both ethephon and symbioses on plant growth and accumulation of valuable compounds, such as trigonelline, in fenugreek.

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Mycorrhizal Association in Wheat Genotypes Submitted to Variable Irrigation in the Brazilian Cerrado

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v13n11p41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Daniel Fernando Salas Méndez ◽

Alessandra Monteiro de Paula ◽

Maria Lucrécia Gerosa Ramos ◽

Walter Quadros Ribeiro Junior ◽

Jader Galba Busato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Regime ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Soil Attributes ◽

Wheat Genotypes ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Mycorrhizal Association

Mycorrhizal association contributes to plant growth, influencing tolerance to abiotic stresses such as water deficit. There is considerable variation in infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in cultivars of the same crop, but there is little information regarding these differences in wheat. The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of water deficit on the arbuscular mycorrhizal association in wheat genotypes in the Cerrado region and the association between soil attributes and mycorrhizal colonization. The experiment was conducted in a no-till system, using different water regimes. The experimental design was a randomized block with subdivided plots scheme, with 12 treatments and 3 repetitions. The plots consisted of 4 wheat genotypes and the subplots included 3 water regimes. Mycorrhizal colonization, soil microbial biomass carbon, total soil organic carbon, easily extractable glomalin-related soil protein, spore number and AMF species diversity were evaluated. Mycorrhizal colonization was not influenced by wheat genotypes, but it was favored by the higher water regime, being 44.8% higher when compared to the lower water regime. The soil moisture was positively correlated with the soil attributes with the exception of the number of AMF spores. The community of AMF associated with wheat genotypes was similar, comprising of 12 species, predominantly Claroideoglomus etunicatum and Glomus macrocarpum. The low variation among wheat genotypes for AMF diversity suggests no selective influence of the plants on the AMF community in the area of the study. Water regime was shown to be a dominant factor in mycorrhizal association.

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An increase in water deficit has no impact on the photosynthetic capacity of field-grown Mediterranean plants

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp01117 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 621 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Salvador Nogués ◽

Leonor Alegre

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Quantum Efficiency ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Photosynthetic Parameters ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Relative Quantum ◽

Mediterranean Plants ◽

Psii Photochemistry ◽

The Impact ◽

Quantum Efficiency Of Psii

In the Mediterranean, annual mean precipitation has continuously decreased over the last three years (by ca 36% in Barcelona), and the decrease has been dramatic during the summer (by ca 78 and 64% during July and August, respectively). The impact of increased drought on the photosynthetic capacity of Mediterranean vegetation is currently unknown. In this study, two native Mediterranean plants [rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and lavender (Lavandula stoechas L.)] were grown outdoors and subjected to two water regimes (50 mm month–1 during the summer, or no supplementary water at all). Rosemary and lavender plants watered with 50 mm month–1 during the summer had higher relative leaf water content and water potential than non-watered plants. Changes in water status were accompanied by large decreases in parameters of gas exchange [i.e. the light-saturated rate of CO2 assimilation, the maximum velocity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylation by Rubisco and the capacity for RuBP] and of modulated chlorophyll fluorescence (i.e. the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry and the efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centres) during the summer, but no differences were found in any photosynthetic parameters for leaves subjected to the two water regimes. The drought-induced decreases in the relative quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry in rosemary and lavender plants were attributable to ‘downregulation’ of electron transport. Photodamage to PSII in the field appeared to be a later effect of drought in these plants. Photorespiration was not a major mechanism protecting the photosynthetic apparatus of these plants from photodamage in the field. After the autumn rainfall, photosynthetic capacity fully recovered. We conclude that rosemary and lavender are well adapted to drought, and that an increase in water deficit is unlikely to have a significant impact on the photosynthetic capacity of leaves.

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Increased Tolerance of Citrus (Citrus tangerina) Seedlings to Soil Water Deficit after Mycorrhizal Inoculation: Changes in Antioxidant Enzyme Defense System

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha4129218 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

pp. 524 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Qiu-Dan NI ◽

Ying-Ning ZOU ◽

Qiang-Sheng WU ◽

Yong-Ming HUANG

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Soil Water ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Enzyme System ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Temporal Variations ◽

Soil Drying ◽

Soil Water Deficit ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme System

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance tolerance of plants to soil water deficit, whereas morphological observations of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzyme system are poorly studied. The present study thereby evaluated temporal variations of the antioxidant enzyme system in citrus (Citrus tangerina) seedlings colonized by Glomus etunicatum and G. mosseae over a 12-day period of soil drying. Root colonization by G. etunicatum and G. mosseae decreased with soil drying days from 32.0 to 1.0% and 50.1 to 4.5% in 0-day to 12-day, respectively. Compared to the non-AM controls, the AMF colonized plants had significantly lower tissue (both leaves and roots) hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2â€¢â€“) concentrations during soil water deficit, whereas 1.03â€“1.92, 1.25â€“1.84 and 1.18â€“1.69 times higher enzyme activity in superoxide dismutase, peroxidase (POD) and catalase. In situ leaf H2O2 and root POD location also showed that AM seedlings had less leaf H2O2 but higher root POD accumulation. Furthermore, significantly higher root infection and antioxidant enzymatic activities in plants colonized with G. mosseae expressed than with G. etunicatum during the soil drying. These results demonstrated that the AMs could confer greater tolerance of citrus seedlings to soil water deficit through an enhancement in their antioxidant enzyme defence system whilst an decrease level in H2O2 and O2â€¢â€“.

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Mycorrhizal Fungi Inoculation Improves Capparis spinosa’s Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Photosynthetic Efficiency under Water Deficit

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010149 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Mohammed Bouskout ◽

Mohammed Bourhia ◽

Mohamed Najib Al Feddy ◽

Hanane Dounas ◽

Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Uptake ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Field Capacity ◽

Water Deficit Stress ◽

Capparis Spinosa ◽

Agricultural Yields

Agricultural yields are under constant jeopardy as climate change and abiotic pressures spread worldwide. Using rhizospheric microbes as biostimulants/biofertilizers is one of the best ways to improve agro-agriculture in the face of these things. The purpose of this experiment was to investigate whether a native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculum (AMF-complex) might improve caper (Capparis spinosa) seedlings’ nutritional status, their morphological/growth performance and photosynthetic efficiency under water-deficit stress (WDS). Thus, caper plantlets inoculated with or without an AMF complex (+AMF and −AMF, respectively) were grown under three gradually increasing WDS regimes, i.e., 75, 50 and 25% of field capacity (FC). Overall, measurements of morphological traits, biomass production and nutrient uptake (particularly P, K+, Mg2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+) showed that mycorrhizal fungi inoculation increased these variables significantly, notably in moderate and severe WDS conditions. The increased WDS levels reduced the photochemical efficiency indices (Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo) in −AMF plants, while AMF-complex application significantly augmented these parameters. Furthermore, the photosynthetic pigments content was substantially higher in +AMF seedlings than −AMF controls at all the WDS levels. Favorably, at 25% FC, AMF-colonized plants produce approximately twice as many carotenoids as non-colonized ones. In conclusion, AMF inoculation seems to be a powerful eco-engineering strategy for improving the caper seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in harsh environments.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve photosynthetic energy use efficiency and decrease foliar construction cost under recurrent water deficit in woody evergreen species

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry ◽

10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 127 ◽

pp. 469-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Vanessa Barros ◽

Gabriella Frosi ◽

Mariana Santos ◽

Diego Gomes Ramos ◽

Hiram Marinho Falcão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Energy Use ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

Construction Cost ◽

Evergreen Species ◽

Energy Use Efficiency ◽

Use Efficiency

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Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1093 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1093

Author(s):

Suerlani Aparecida Ferreira Moreira ◽

Pablo Fernando Santos Alves ◽

Carlos Eduardo Corsato ◽

Alcinei Mistico Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Drought Tolerance ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Leaf Temperature ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Dry Biomass ◽

Relative Chlorophyll Content

Maize hybrids contrasting for drought tolerance differ during the vegetative stage. Drought is the main constraint on maize production in developing nations. Differences during development between genetic materials of maize grown under water restriction suggest that the plant can be improved with a view to its adaptation. In maize, sensitivity to water stress can occur at any stage of its phenological development. However, few studies report its effects on the vegetative phase of the cycle. On this basis, this study was conducted to examine how shoot and root-system indices are expressed in cultivation under water deficit as well as determine which indicators best explain the difference between hybrids in the evaluated water regimes. Commercial seeds of hybrids BR1055 and DKB-390 (drought-tolerant) and BRS1010 (drought-sensitive) were germinated in PVC tubes (1.0 m × 0.1 m) in a randomized complete block design, in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The experiment was developed in a greenhouse where two water regimes were tested: no water stress and with water stress from the VE stage. The soil consisted of quartz sand mixed with a commercial fertilizer. Stem and root traits were evaluated up to the V5 growth stage. Relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, stem length, phenology, shoot dry biomass, root length, root dry biomass, root surface area, root volume and D95 were responsive to water deficit. The parameters that allowed the distinction between the hybrids in water the regimes were relative chlorophyll content, leaf temperature, phenology and average root diameter.

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The Effects of a Microorganisms-Based Commercial Product on the Morphological, Biochemical and Yield of Tomato Plants under Two Different Water Regimes

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120706 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 706 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Carmen-Simona Inculet ◽

Gabriela Mihalache ◽

Vincenzo Michele Sellitto ◽

Raluca-Maria Hlihor ◽

Vasile Stoleru

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Organic Production ◽

Lower Amount ◽

Essential Requirement ◽

Water Regimes ◽

New Information ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

And Performance ◽

Water Amount

The practice of organic agriculture represents an essential requirement for conserving natural resources and for providing the food necessary for a growing population, on a sustainable basis. Tomatoes are considered to be one of the most important crops worldwide. In this context, the organic production of tomatoes should be taken into more consideration. The use of microorganisms-based commercial products is an alternative to chemical fertilizers. Anyway, the results of their use are still variable because of various factors. The aim of this study was to test the effect of inoculation with AMF, PGPR and fungi-based products (Rizotech plus®) on the morphological (length of the plants), biochemical (lycopen, polyphenols, antioxidant activity), and number of fruits and yields of four tomato cultivars (Siriana F1, HTP F1, Minaret F1, Inima de Bou) in two different water regimes used for irrigation (200 m3 or 300 m3 of water/hectare) under a protected area. The results showed that the efficiency of Rizotech plus® application is dependent on the cultivar and the amount of water used. Also, it was clearly demonstrated that the microorganism inoculation significantly increased the yield of Minaret F1, Siriana F1 and HTP F1 cultivars as compared to the uninoculated plants, regardless of the water amount used in the experiment. Moreover, it was observed that for the irrigation of all four cultivars, inoculated with Rizotech plus®, a lower amount of water (200 m3·ha−1) can be used to get the same length of plants, number of fruits and yield as in the case of a higher amount of water (300 m3·ha−1). In the case of lycopene, polyphenols and antioxidant activity, the results varied with the cultivar and the water amount used. This study gives new information about the functionality and performance of the microorganisms from Rizotech plus® product when applied to different tomato cultivars grown in a tunnel, in the condition of two different water regimes, contributing to a better characterization of it and maybe to a more efficient use in agriculture to achieve optimum results.

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