scholarly journals Analysis of the Possibility of Using Drill-Type Electrodes for Air Ionization

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4030
Author(s):  
Jerzy Skubis ◽  
Michał Kozioł
Keyword(s):  
Ionization Efficiency ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Initial Voltage ◽  
Air Ionization ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Electrode Systems

In this article, the authors present the results of the analysis of the ionization efficiency of drill-type needle electrodes in air. The analysis was carried out on the basis of experimental laboratory measurements, examined at alternating voltages. Drill-type electrode systems of different diameters were adopted for the tests. The ionization efficiency for this type of electrode has been characterized by values of characteristic voltages, such as the initial voltage of the corona voltage and the sparking voltage. The obtained results were compared with the results of classical conical needle electrodes. The ionization efficiency of drill-type electrodes has been shown to be higher than that of classical conical needle electrodes.

Hybrid TPA: Simulations and Experimental Laboratory Measurements

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel E. Sánchez ◽  
Samir N. Y. Gerges ◽  
Roberto Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

scholarly journals The influence of sample geometry on the permeability of a porous sandstone

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Heap
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Porous Sandstone ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Abstract. Although detailed guidelines exist for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of laboratory rock samples, guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability are sparse. Provided herein are gas permeability measurements of cylindrical samples of Darley Dale sandstone (with a connected porosity of 0.135 and a pore and grain size of 0.2–0.3 mm) with different diameters (10, 20, and 25 mm) and lengths (from 60 to 10 mm), corresponding to aspect (length ∕ diameter) ratios between 6.2 and 0.4. These data show that, despite the large range in sample length, aspect ratio, and bulk volume (from 29.7 to 1.9 cm3), the permeabilities of the Darley Dale sandstone samples are near identical (3–4×10-15 m2). The near-identical permeability of these samples is considered the consequence of the homogeneous porosity structure typical of porous sandstones and the small grain and pore size of Darley Dale sandstone with respect to the minimum tested diameter and length (both 10 mm). Laboratory permeability measurements on rock samples with inhomogeneous porosity structures or with larger grain and pore sizes may still provide erroneous values if their length, diameter, and/or aspect ratio is low. Permeability measurements on rocks with vastly different microstructural properties should now be conducted in a similar manner to help develop detailed guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability.

scholarly journals The influence of sample geometry on the permeability of a porous sandstone

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Heap
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Gas Permeability ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sample Length ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Rock Samples ◽  
Porous Sandstone ◽  
Bulk Volume ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Cylindrical Samples

Abstract. Although detailed guidelines exist for measuring the physical and mechanical properties of laboratory rock samples, guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability are sparse. Provided herein are gas permeability measurements of cylindrical samples of Darley Dale sandstone (with a connected porosity of 0.135 and a pore- and grain-size of 0.2–0.3 mm) with different diameters (10, 20, and 25 mm) and lengths (from 60 to 10 mm), corresponding to aspect (length/diameter) ratios between 6.2 and 0.4. These data show that, despite the large range in sample length, aspect ratio, and bulk volume (from 29.7 to 1.9 cm3), the permeabilities of the Darley Dale sandstone samples are near identical (3–4 × 10–15 m2). The near identical permeability of these samples is considered the consequence of the homogeneous porosity structure typical of porous sandstones, and the small grain- and pore-size of Darley Dale sandstone with respect to the minimum tested diameter and length (both 10 mm). Laboratory permeability measurements on rock samples with inhomogeneous porosity structures, or with larger grain- and pore-sizes, may still provide erroneous values if their length, diameter, and/or aspect ratio is low. Permeability measurements on rocks with vastly different microstructural properties should now be conducted in a similar manner to help develop detailed guidelines for laboratory measurements of permeability.

scholarly journals Computation and measurement of low frequency magnetic field near thin-wire structures

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Sonja Filiposka ◽  
Vesna Arnautovski-Toseva ◽  
Leonid Grcev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Thin Wire ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Frequency Magnetic Field ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Magnetic fields in residential and occupational environments attract attention due to concerns of health risks. This paper describes comparison of two simple numerical procedures for computation of magnetic fields due to sources typical for residential environment which can be also used for teaching purposes. The methods are confirmed with the results obtained by analytical closed form solution and experimental laboratory measurements.

scholarly journals Laboratory Measurements of Particulate Matter Concentrations from Asphalt Pavement Abrasion

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daša Fullová ◽  
Daniela Đurčanská
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Wheel Tracking

Abstract The issue of emissions from road traffic is compounded by the fact that the number of vehicles and driven kilometres increase each year. Road traffic is one of the main sources of particulate matter and traffic volume is still increasing and has unpleasant impact on longevity of the pavements and the environment. Vehicle motions cause mechanical wearing of the asphalt pavement surface - wearing course by vehicle tyres. The contribution deals with abrasion of bituminous wearing courses of pavements. The asphalt mixtures of wearing courses are compared in terms of mechanically separated particulate matter. The samples of asphalt mixtures were rutted in wheel tracking machine. The particulate matter measurements were performed in laboratory conditions. The experimental laboratory measurements make it possible to sample particulates without contamination from exhaust emissions, abraded particles from vehicles, resuspension of road dust and climate affects. The contribution offers partial results of measurements on six trial samples of asphalt mixtures with different composition. It presents particulate matter morphology and the comparison of rutted asphalt samples in terms of PM mass concentrations and chemical composition.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

When Apologies for Injustice Matter

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 239-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
David De Cremer ◽  
Barbara C. Schouten
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fairness Perceptions ◽  
Organizational Survey ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

The present research examined the idea that the effectiveness of apologies on promoting fairness perceptions depends on how meaningful and sincere the apology is experienced. More precisely, it was predicted that apologies are more effective when they are communicated by an authority being respectful to others. A study using a cross-sectional organizational survey showed that an apology (relative to giving no apology) revealed higher fairness perceptions, but only so when the authority was respectful rather than disrespectful. In a subsequent experimental laboratory study the same interaction effect (as in Study 1) on fairness perceptions was found. In addition, a similar interaction effect also emerged on participants’ self-evaluations in terms of relational appreciation (i.e., feeling valued and likeable). Finally, these self-evaluations accounted (at least partly) for the interactive effect on fairness perceptions.

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