scholarly journals Observation of Potential Contaminants in Processed Biomass Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingshun Zhuang ◽  
Mi Li ◽  
Yunqiao Pu ◽  
Arthur Ragauskas ◽  
Chang Yoo

With rapidly increased interests in biomass, diverse chemical and biological processes have been applied for biomass utilization. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis has been used for characterizing different types of biomass and their products, including natural and processed biomass. During biomass treatments, some solvents and/or catalysts can be retained and contaminate biomass. In addition, contaminants can be generated by the decomposition of biomass components. Herein, we report FTIR analyses of a series of contaminants, such as various solvents, chemicals, enzymes, and possibly formed degradation by-products in the biomass conversion process along with poplar biomass. This information helps to prevent misunderstanding the FTIR analysis results of the processed biomass.

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Frederikus Tunjung Seta ◽  
Susi Sugesty ◽  
Reynaldo Biantoro

Saat ini Indonesia masih mengandalkan impor nitroselulosa sebagai bahan baku propelan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mencari komposisi optimum pembuatan nitroselulosa untuk propelan dari bahan baku pulp larut bambu Beema dan Industri sebagai alternatif dari pulp larut kayu. Sebelum proses nitrasi, pulp larut bambu Beema dan bambu Industri mengalami proses perlakuan awal dengan menggunakan willey mill, pulp larut kemudian diayak dan diambil pulp dengan ukuran kurang dari 60 mesh. Pada proses nitrasi, perbandingan bahan kimia yang digunakan adalah formula 1 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 2,5:1:9,5), formula 2 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 3:1:7,5), dan formula 3 (HNO3:HNO3 Fumming:H2SO4= 1:1:1,6). Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini pulp larut dari bahan baku bambu Beema dengan formula 3 mampu mendapatkan kadar nitrogen tertinggi (12,97%). Analisis Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) menunjukkan adanya gugus nitro dan pada uji bakar juga menunjukkan bahwa nitroselulosa dapat terbakar dengan cepat. Akan tetapi, nilai kelarutan dalam aseton dan eter-alkohol nitroselulosa dari kedua jenis bambu menunjukkan bahwa distribusi kadar nitrogen pada proses nitrasi masih belum memenuhi standar.Kata kunci: bambu, kadar nitrogen, nitroselulosa, pulp larut, propelanCharacterization of Nitrocellulose from Beema Bamboo and Industrial Bamboo Dissolving PulpAbstractCurrently, Indonesia still relies on imports of nitrocellulose as a propellant raw material. The objective of this research is to determine the optimum composition of nitrocellulose making for propellant from Beema bamboo pulp and Industrial bamboo pulp as an alternative of dissolving pulp from wood. Prior to the nitration process, both dissolving pulp of Beema bamboo and industrial undergo a pretreatment process using willey mill, the pulp then sieved and taken with a size less than 60 mesh. In the nitration process, the chemical composition used is  formula 1 (HNO3: HNO3 Fumming: H2SO4 = 2.5: 1: 9.5), formula 2 (HNO3: HNO3 Fumming: H2SO4 = 3: 1: 7,5) and the   formula 3 (HNO3: HNO3 Fumming: H2SO4 = 1: 1: 1,6). Result showed that dissolving pulp from Beema bamboo with third formula get the highest nitrogen content (12,97%). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)  analysis showed that all of the nitrocellulose have nitro group and with burning test also proved that nitrocellulose can be rapidly burdened. However, the solubility of  nitrocellulose in acetone and ethers-alcohols indicates that the distribution of nitrogen content in the nitration process is not meet the standard yet. Keywords: bamboo, nitrogen content, nitrocellulose, dissolving pulp, propellant


Author(s):  
Vidya Viswas Kamble ◽  
Nikhil Babruvan Gaikwad

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to identify the functional group present in the crude powder and various solvent extracts of Embelia ribesBurm. f. stem, leaves, and berries through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.Methods: Different plant parts of E. ribes were collected shade dried, powdered, and extracted in methanol, ethanol, and petroleum ether. Theseextracts were used to detect the characteristic peak values and their functional groups using FTIR method on a OMNI sampler attenuated totalreflectance accessory on a JASCO FTIR spectrophotometer (FTIR‐4600).Results: The crude powder of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of amino acids, amide, alkanes, carboxylicacids, alcohols, esters, ethers, aromatics, aliphatic amines, phenols, aldehyde, ketones, fluorides, halogen, alkyl halides, and nitro compound. The drymethanolic and ethanolic extracts of E. ribes leaves, stem, and berries FTIR analysis results proved the presence of alcohols, p-substituted alcoholsor phenols, phenols, alkanes, alkynes, alkenes, aldehyde, ester, ether, aliphatic amines, carboxylic acids, aromatics, ketones, disulphide, alkyl halides,halogen, and nitro compounds, whereas dry petroleum ether extract shown the presence of amide, alkanes, carboxylic acids, alcohols, p-substitutedalcohols or phenols, esters, aromatics, aldehyde, ketones, aryl disulphide, aliphatic amines, aliphatic compound, alkyl halides, and nitro compounds,respectively.Conclusion: The results of the present study produced the FTIR spectrum profile for the vulnerable medicinally important plant E. ribes Burm. f.Keywords: Embelia ribes Burm. f., Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Functional groups.


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