Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial studies of Schiff base Ligand from amino acid L-arginine and its Cu(II), Ni(II),Co(II) complexesIJCTR.2019.130201

Transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) with a Schiff base Ligand (R,Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (HMA-GPA) was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and L- Arginine. These were characterized by elemental analysis IR, UV, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements. The IR spectra of the Ligand HMA-GPA and the metal complexes suggest that the Ligand coordinates the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen, carboxylate Oxygen and Oxygen of the phenolic -OH group. The electronic absorption spectra and magnetic data indicate the Cu(II), Ni(II)complexes to be square planar and Co(II) complex to be octahedral. The metal complexes and the ligand were subjected to antimicrobial studies by Kirby Bayer Disc-diffusion method and found to have significant activity against the selected bacterial and fungal strains under study.

Synthesis, Characterisation, Antimicrobial activity and DNA Cleavage of (E)-2-((Tetrazolo[1,5-A]Quinolin-4- ylmethylene)Amino)Phenol Schiff base Metal complexes

A series of novel (E)-2-((Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolin-4-ylmethylene)amino)phenol Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn (II) metal complexes have been synthesized 1:1 metal to ligand ratio, and these complexes were characterized by using analytical data such as FT-IR, UV-visible, Mass spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, TGA and magnetic moment measurements. The ligand and all the metal complexes were tested in vitro antimicrobial activity and DNA cleavage studies.

Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.

Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes of Amlodipine Besylate with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cations in pure and in mixed binary solvent systems at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K by Conductometric Method

The present work relates to the complexation reaction between Amlodipine Besylate[AML] with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pure methanol (MeOH) and their binary mixtures(DMSO-MeOH and DMSO-Water) by conductometric method. The conductance data show that the stoichiometry of the complexes formed between AML with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in pure DMSO, pure MeOHas well as in the binary solvent mixtures was 1:1. The stability of AML complexes with Ni2+ , Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ion was observed to be sensitive to the nature of the solvent system. In case of DMSO-Water binary solvent systems there was a linear change in LogKf values but in case of DMSO-MeOH binary solvent systems non linear change in LogKf values observed.The negative values of ΔG0 show that the reaction is spontaneous and ability of the AML ligand to form stable complexes. However, the result shows positive value of ΔH0 which indicates that enthalpy is not driving force for the formation of the complexes. Furthermore, the positive value of ΔS0 indicates that entropy is a driving force for the complexation. The values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 for formation of the complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constants.

The Effect of Landscape Altitude on Antibacterial activities in Ethanolic Extract of Cocoa leaf (Theobroma cacao)

Cocoa is one of the leading plantation commodities in Indonesia. The part of cocoa trees that can be found in abundance is the leaf. The leaves cut out of cocoa trees are utilized by some farmers in composting, when in fact cocoa leaves have a great potential to be processed into health care products. The present study aims to determine the effect of high altitude landscape on antibacterial activities in ethanolic extract of cocoa leaves (Theobroma cacao, L). For the experiment, we employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that is divided into 3 treatments—Aqua Dest (Control), ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves (P1), and ethanolic extract of low-altitude cocoa leaves (P2)—repeated 5 times. The results show that the largest resistance zones of Eschericia coli and staphylococcus aureus are created by ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves with the size of 19.96 mm and 20.52 mm, respectively. Our ANOVA test shows that extracts of both high- and low-altitude cocoa leaves have an effect on the growth of S.aureus (P = 0,000) and E. coli (P = 0,000) bacteria. From Duncan’s test we can conclude that ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves differs significantly (P<0.05) from its lower altitude counterpart in inhibiting the growth of E.coli and S.aureus bacteria.

Numerical study of nanofluids effect on heat transfer and pressure drop of triangular microchannel heat sink

The present work deals with study the heat transfer and pressure drop of the triangular microchannel heat sink(MCHS), along different working fluids. The nanofluids such as CuO and Al2O3are used as coolants to enhance the performance of triangular microchannel heat sinks.The modeling and analysis were done with the help of Solid works. The heat transfer performance of the triangular fins were studied with the Reynolds number varying from 96 - 460. Thenumerical result shows that the triangular oblique finned microchannel heat sink has large heat transfer rateof 12.9 % for varying Reynolds number when compared to a straight channel. Similarly, the pressure drop also increases with 38.2% for triangular microchannel flowing nanofluid. Consequently triangular microchannel is enhancing the heat removed in electronics chip cooling

Process Intensification and its Applications - A Critical Review

The problems faced by the various industries are high energy consumption which further increases the cost of production followed by reduced productivity and conversion, longer residence time, and pollution caused by industrial waste. Many researchers have found various alternative pathways to overcome these drawbacks. The same products were obtained in a better way by process intensification. Any process can be intensified either by introducing entirely a new process or by combing two or more conventional methods to form a new hybrid process e.greactive distillation, micro-reactors, etc. Due to an increase in population and less availability of land, reducing the chemical plant footprints is highly appreciable which is possible by process intensification. In this paper, we have reviewed the majority of the processes that have been intensified into a new process such as bioprocesses, extraction, distillation, leaching, Biofuels production, Desalination, etc.

Comparison of Pure and Hybrid Nanoparticles using Ionic Liquid as a Capping agent

Ionic liquids are exceptional chemical compounds that are used in many areas of modern science. Due to their highly adjustable nature and incomparable properties, ionic liquids have become key players in the areas of synthesis, catalysis, extraction, electrochemistry, analysis, biotechnology, etc. In addition to the physical and chemical properties of ionic liquids, their high biological activity has attracted considerable attention from biochemists, ecologists and medical professionals. Due to the properties mentioned above, an imidazolium ionic liquid solvent was used for the synthesis of nanostructure nanoparticles. In the present work, cubic form of pure Fe2O3, spherical nature of pure Ag (0) and hexagonal shaped hybrid Ag- Fe2O3 were successfully synthesized by a simple co-precipitation, reduction and co-precipitation processes. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized in detail by spectral studies such as IR, XRD, SEM, EDX and TEM analysis. The size and shape of the particles were performed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) techniques and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) techniques. Quality quantity and purity of the products was checked by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX).

Synergistic Effect of Trisodium citrate (TSC) on the Inhibition Efficiency of Sargassum swartzii (SS) -Zn2+ System on Mild Steel in Aqueous Environment

The aquatic plant kingdom is a treasure of potential bioactive compounds. Aquatic plants contain some organic compounds that provide definite physiological actions on the human body. In the present study deals with the synergistic effect of Trisodium citrate (TSC)on the inhibition efficiency of methanolic extract of Sargassum swartzii (SS) and Zn2+ system on mild steel in aqueous environment. The corrosion monitoring techniques adopted in the study were weight-loss methods, electrochemical measurements, FT-IR and surface morphological techniques namely SEM and EDX. It has proved the formulation consisting of 100 ppm of Zn2+, 120 ppm of SS and 100 ppm of TSC has 95.77% IE. The high performance of SS - Zn 2+- TSC system could be due to synergistic effect that covers a wide surface coverage area on the metal surface and thus retarding the corrosion. Polarization study reveals that this formulation functions as a mixed inhibitor. AC impedance spectra suggest the presence of protective film on the metal surface. FT-IR spectra reveals that the protective film consists of Fe2+-SS complex, Fe2+-TSC complex and Zn (OH)2. SEM and EDX provide a pictorial representation on the nature of surface film in the absence and presence of inhibitors. Thus, it concluded that Sargassum swartzii - Zn 2+- TSC inhibitor system acted as a good inhibitor in aqueous medium.

Protection of Renal Function ByHyperbaric OxygenDuring Plasmodium berghei ANKA Infection

Background:Malaria cases have consistently increased and the number of deaths remains largely unchanged.Malaria associated renal injury has a high level of morbidity and mortality. High level of blood urea nitrogen / BUN and plasma creatinine is one of the major factors associated with mortality in humans infected with malaria, indicating that impairment of renal function. HBO is widely used as an adjunctive therapy for many diseases, it is known that HBO hasan action as antiplasmodium, antiinflammation and antioxidant effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HBO on BUN and creatinine levels in rats infected with P. berghei ANKA. Methods:This research was conducted experimentally post-test only control group on six groups of rats. The samples used were 24 male Rattus norvegicus wistar strain that have been infected by Plasmodium bergheiANKA and divided into 6 groups. Group 1 was given combination artesunate and 1, 5 ATA HBO, grup 2 was given combination artesunate and 3, 0 ATA HBO, group 3 was given 1, 5 ATA HBO, group 4 was given 3, 0 ATA HBO, group 5 was given artesunate and group 6 was given aquadest. HBO therapy is carried out for 10 days and the observation of the levels of BUN and creatinine in mice after treatment on tenth day. Results:Descriptive analysis and statistical analysis (Kruskal wallis snd Mann whitney U posthoc) showed a significant difference (p < α = 0.05) on mean levels of BUN and creatinine group receiving combination of artesunate and HBO 3,0 ATA compared to other groups.Hyperbaric oxygen has the effect of reducing the levels of BUN and creatinine in rats infected by P.berghei ANKA.