A Review on the Technology of Size Reduction Equipment

Size reduction or comminution is among the most comprehensively used unit operation of widespread application in chemical and other related industries. Subjugation of the materials to stress and consequent reduction in the size of larger solid units into smaller or finer unit masses is called as comminution. The transmission of stress is through the application of mechanical force to the larger solid unit. The most common methods utilized in industries include the use of crushers and mills. The concept of comminution is not novel as it has been utilized by man since time immemorial. Even though many different size reduction machines are available currently the key is the knowledge on the properties of the material to be processed. Size reduction offers advantages like increased surface area and separation of entrapped components.

Comparison of Antibacterial Effectiveness and Length of Healing Between Honey and MEBO in Degree-II Burns at the White Rat (Rattus norvegicus)

Healing Second degree burns can be affected by the presence of bacteria. This research reveals the role of honey and MEBO in removing bacterial effects on healing. Pure experimental research method with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were 4 treatments, which were positive, negative, honey and MEBO treatment, each of which was given to rats with second degree burns. Wound healing and other parameters were observed on 7 th, 14th and 21st days. The result was that the administration of honey as an antibacterial drug was very effective and gave healing on the 21st day to white rats. Giving MEBO as an antibacterial drug is very effective and provides healing on the 21st day to white rats. Giving honey is more effective than MEBO as an antibacterial drug and healing burns on 21st day against white rats.

Utilisation of Rice Bran Fatty Gel in various Cosmetics

The Rice bran fatty acid a natural remedies are more acceptable in the belief that they are safer with fewer side effect .Cosmetic are considered as essential components in life exponential increased in demand for crucial needs everyday item high quality value added product like cream cosmetic product natural formulation having growing demand in world market .The present work deals with the development and formulation we propose to make shampoo, cold cream by using rice bran fatty acid gel it is a natural vegetable wax by product of rice bran oil (RBO) , the gel have seen is light , non sticky , smooth , and suitable for normal and oil skin . the studies carried out in preparation of cosmetic. There physio -chemical properties were tested tested and observed it can widely used in industrial application because of its good consistency emollience , and gelling property also good moisturising agent its keep skin soft and moisturised.

A review on biological activities of Schiff base ligand and their metal complexes

Schiff bases and their metal complexes are wide range of biological applications and are synthesized from the condensation reaction of amino compounds with carbonyl compounds. Schiff base and their metal complexes have a wide variety of applications in food and dye industry, agrochemical, polymer, catalysis, analytical chemistry, antifertility, antiinflammatory activity, antiradical activity, and biological system as enzymatic agents. Several have reviewed them of their antimicrobial, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, and cytotoxic activities. This review summarized the most promising biological activities of Schiff bases and their metal complexes

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial studies of Schiff base Ligand from amino acid L-arginine and its Cu(II), Ni(II),Co(II) complexesIJCTR.2019.130201

Transition metal complexes of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) with a Schiff base Ligand (R,Z)-2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylideneamino)-5-guanidinopentanoic acid (HMA-GPA) was synthesized by the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and L- Arginine. These were characterized by elemental analysis IR, UV, magnetic susceptibility and molar conductivity measurements. The IR spectra of the Ligand HMA-GPA and the metal complexes suggest that the Ligand coordinates the metal ion through azomethine nitrogen, carboxylate Oxygen and Oxygen of the phenolic -OH group. The electronic absorption spectra and magnetic data indicate the Cu(II), Ni(II)complexes to be square planar and Co(II) complex to be octahedral. The metal complexes and the ligand were subjected to antimicrobial studies by Kirby Bayer Disc-diffusion method and found to have significant activity against the selected bacterial and fungal strains under study.

Synthesis, Characterisation, Antimicrobial activity and DNA Cleavage of (E)-2-((Tetrazolo[1,5-A]Quinolin-4- ylmethylene)Amino)Phenol Schiff base Metal complexes

A series of novel (E)-2-((Tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinolin-4-ylmethylene)amino)phenol Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Mn (II) metal complexes have been synthesized 1:1 metal to ligand ratio, and these complexes were characterized by using analytical data such as FT-IR, UV-visible, Mass spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, TGA and magnetic moment measurements. The ligand and all the metal complexes were tested in vitro antimicrobial activity and DNA cleavage studies.

Exploration and Identification Trichoderma spp. as a Biological Control Agents to Plant Pathogens and Starter Making Biological Fertilizers

The objectives of this study are: (1) to inventory Trichoderma spp. in North Minahasa District, South Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, (2) inventory of Trichoderma spp. in the rhizosphere of cultivated and fallow gardens, and (3) calculate the population density of Trichoderma spp. all soil samples. The scope of this study is the biological control of plant pathogens, induce plant resistance, and biological fertilizer production. Trichoderma isolation spp. has been carried out by dilution method and cultured on PDA + antibiotics. Population density of Trichoderma spp. calculated using the plate calculation method. Identification of this species function based on the color and patterns of sporulation in the colony; hyphae and clamydospores; conidiophores; and phialides and phialospores. Trichoderma species found in North Minahasa District were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride; in South Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride; and in Tomohon City-Minahasa District, T. koningii and T. viride. In fallow gardens were T. harzianum, T. koningii, and T. viride, and in cultivated gardens were T. koningii and T. viride. Population densities of Trichoderma sp. in South Minahasa District, North Minahasa District, and Tomohon City-Minahasa District, respectively 1,363.64, 466.67, and 26.67 CFU / g soil.

Thermodynamic Studies of Complexes of Amlodipine Besylate with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cations in pure and in mixed binary solvent systems at 303.15, 313.15 and 323.15 K by Conductometric Method

The present work relates to the complexation reaction between Amlodipine Besylate[AML] with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), pure methanol (MeOH) and their binary mixtures(DMSO-MeOH and DMSO-Water) by conductometric method. The conductance data show that the stoichiometry of the complexes formed between AML with Ni2+, Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ cation in pure DMSO, pure MeOHas well as in the binary solvent mixtures was 1:1. The stability of AML complexes with Ni2+ , Mg2+, Co2+ and Ca2+ metal ion was observed to be sensitive to the nature of the solvent system. In case of DMSO-Water binary solvent systems there was a linear change in LogKf values but in case of DMSO-MeOH binary solvent systems non linear change in LogKf values observed.The negative values of ΔG0 show that the reaction is spontaneous and ability of the AML ligand to form stable complexes. However, the result shows positive value of ΔH0 which indicates that enthalpy is not driving force for the formation of the complexes. Furthermore, the positive value of ΔS0 indicates that entropy is a driving force for the complexation. The values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 for formation of the complexes were obtained from temperature dependence of the stability constants.

The Effect of Landscape Altitude on Antibacterial activities in Ethanolic Extract of Cocoa leaf (Theobroma cacao)

Cocoa is one of the leading plantation commodities in Indonesia. The part of cocoa trees that can be found in abundance is the leaf. The leaves cut out of cocoa trees are utilized by some farmers in composting, when in fact cocoa leaves have a great potential to be processed into health care products. The present study aims to determine the effect of high altitude landscape on antibacterial activities in ethanolic extract of cocoa leaves (Theobroma cacao, L). For the experiment, we employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) that is divided into 3 treatments—Aqua Dest (Control), ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves (P1), and ethanolic extract of low-altitude cocoa leaves (P2)—repeated 5 times. The results show that the largest resistance zones of Eschericia coli and staphylococcus aureus are created by ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves with the size of 19.96 mm and 20.52 mm, respectively. Our ANOVA test shows that extracts of both high- and low-altitude cocoa leaves have an effect on the growth of S.aureus (P = 0,000) and E. coli (P = 0,000) bacteria. From Duncan’s test we can conclude that ethanolic extract of high-altitude cocoa leaves differs significantly (P<0.05) from its lower altitude counterpart in inhibiting the growth of E.coli and S.aureus bacteria.

Numerical study of nanofluids effect on heat transfer and pressure drop of triangular microchannel heat sink

The present work deals with study the heat transfer and pressure drop of the triangular microchannel heat sink(MCHS), along different working fluids. The nanofluids such as CuO and Al2O3are used as coolants to enhance the performance of triangular microchannel heat sinks.The modeling and analysis were done with the help of Solid works. The heat transfer performance of the triangular fins were studied with the Reynolds number varying from 96 - 460. Thenumerical result shows that the triangular oblique finned microchannel heat sink has large heat transfer rateof 12.9 % for varying Reynolds number when compared to a straight channel. Similarly, the pressure drop also increases with 38.2% for triangular microchannel flowing nanofluid. Consequently triangular microchannel is enhancing the heat removed in electronics chip cooling