scholarly journals Development of a Musculoskeletal Model of Hyolaryngeal Elements for Understanding Pharyngeal Swallowing Mechanics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 6276
Author(s):  
Takuya Hashimoto ◽  
Mariko Urabe ◽  
Foo Chee-Sheng ◽  
Atsuko Murakoshi ◽  
Takahiro Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Inverse Dynamics ◽  
Thyroid Cartilage ◽  
Musculoskeletal Model ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing ◽  
Neuromuscular Coordination

A detailed understanding of muscle activity in human swallowing would provide insights into the complex neuromuscular coordination underlying swallowing. The purpose of this study was to introduce musculoskeletal analysis to investigate muscle activities involved in swallowing as there are limitations on studying comprehensive muscle activation patterns by conventional methods such as electromyography (EMG) measurement. A musculoskeletal model of swallowing was newly developed based on the skeletal model made from CT data of a healthy volunteer. Individual muscle forces were predicted in pharyngeal swallowing by inverse dynamics’ computations with static optimization, in which the typical trajectories of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage analyzed from videofluoroscopic (VF) data of the volunteer were used. The results identified the contribution of individual muscles in pharyngeal swallowing in relation to the movements of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage. The predicted sequence of muscle activity showed a qualitative agreement with salient features in previous studies with fine wire EMG measurements. This method, if validated further by imaging and EMG studies, enables studying a broader range of neuromuscular coordination in swallowing. The proposed method offers an avenue to understanding the physiological mechanisms of swallowing and could become useful to evaluate rehabilitation effects on dysphagia.

Dynamic change in hyoid muscle length associated with trajectory of hyoid bone during swallowing: analysis using 320-row area detector computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (8) ◽  
pp. 1138-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Okada ◽  
Yoichiro Aoyagi ◽  
Yoko Inamoto ◽  
Eiichi Saitoh ◽  
Hitoshi Kagaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Upward Movement ◽  
Forward Movement ◽  
Area Detector ◽  
Pharyngeal Swallowing

Research on muscle activation patterns during swallowing has been limited. Newly developed 320-row area detector computed tomography (320-ADCT) has excellent spatial and temporal resolution, which facilitates identification of laryngopharyngeal structures and quantitative kinematic analysis of pharyngeal swallowing. We investigated muscle activity patterns by observing the changes in length of hyoid muscles. 320-ADCT was performed in 26 healthy males while swallowing. The following parameters were analyzed three-dimensionally: 1) origins and insertions of the stylohyoid, anterior and posterior digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and thyrohyoid muscles; and 2) movement of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and mylohyoid muscles began to shorten simultaneously during the initial stage of swallowing. The shortening of these muscles occurred during the upward movement of the hyoid bone. Subsequently, the geniohyoid, thyrohyoid, and anterior digastric muscles began to shorten, synchronizing with the forward movement of the hyoid bone. A significant correlation was observed between the shortened muscle lengths of the stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and mylohyoid muscles and the upward movement of the hyoid bone ( r = 0.45–0.65). A correlation was also observed between the shortened muscle length of the geniohyoid muscle and the forward movement of the hyoid bone ( r = 0.61). In this study, the sequence of muscle activity during pharyngeal swallowing remained constant. Serial shortening of the hyoid muscles influenced the trajectory of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid, posterior digastric, and mylohyoid muscles initiated the swallowing reflex and contributed to upward movement of the hyoid bone. The geniohyoid is a key muscle in the forward movement of the hyoid bone.

scholarly journals Is the Occurrence of the Sticking Region in Maximum Smith Machine Squats the Result of Diminishing Potentiation and Co-Contraction of the Prime Movers among Recreationally Resistance Trained Males?

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1366
Author(s):  
Roland van den Tillaar ◽  
Eirik Lindset Kristiansen ◽  
Stian Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Knee Extensors ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Prime Movers ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Height Data

This study compared the kinetics, barbell, and joint kinematics and muscle activation patterns between a one-repetition maximum (1-RM) Smith machine squat and isometric squats performed at 10 different heights from the lowest barbell height. The aim was to investigate if force output is lowest in the sticking region, indicating that this is a poor biomechanical region. Twelve resistance trained males (age: 22 ± 5 years, mass: 83.5 ± 39 kg, height: 1.81 ± 0.20 m) were tested. A repeated two-way analysis of variance showed that Force output decreased in the sticking region for the 1-RM trial, while for the isometric trials, force output was lowest between 0–15 cm from the lowest barbell height, data that support the sticking region is a poor biomechanical region. Almost all muscles showed higher activity at 1-RM compared with isometric attempts (p < 0.05). The quadriceps activity decreased, and the gluteus maximus and shank muscle activity increased with increasing height (p ≤ 0.024). Moreover, the vastus muscles decreased only for the 1-RM trial while remaining stable at the same positions in the isometric trials (p = 0.04), indicating that potentiation occurs. Our findings suggest that a co-contraction between the hip and knee extensors, together with potentiation from the vastus muscles during ascent, creates a poor biomechanical region for force output, and thereby the sticking region among recreationally resistance trained males during 1-RM Smith machine squats.

scholarly journals Changes in Locomotor Muscle Activity After Treadmill Training in Subjects With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 969-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Gorassini ◽  
Jonathan A. Norton ◽  
Jennifer Nevett-Duchcherer ◽  
Francois D. Roy ◽  
Jaynie F. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Treadmill Training ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Cord Injury

Intensive treadmill training after incomplete spinal cord injury can improve functional walking abilities. To determine the changes in muscle activation patterns that are associated with improvements in walking, we measured the electromyography (EMG) of leg muscles in 17 individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury during similar walking conditions both before and after training. Specific differences were observed between subjects that eventually gained functional improvements in overground walking (responders), compared with subjects where treadmill training was ineffective (nonresponders). Although both groups developed a more regular and less clonic EMG pattern on the treadmill, it was only the tibialis anterior and hamstring muscles in the responders that displayed increases in EMG activation. Likewise, only the responders demonstrated decreases in burst duration and cocontraction of proximal (hamstrings and quadriceps) muscle activity. Surprisingly, the proximal muscle activity in the responders, unlike nonresponders, was three- to fourfold greater than that in uninjured control subjects walking at similar speeds and level of body weight support, suggesting that the ability to modify muscle activation patterns after injury may predict the ability of subjects to further compensate in response to motor training. In summary, increases in the amount and decreases in the duration of EMG activity of specific muscles are associated with functional recovery of walking skills after treadmill training in subjects that are able to modify muscle activity patterns following incomplete spinal cord injury.

Neural Drive to Muscles in Stuttering

1989 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Smith
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cross Correlation ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Neural Drive ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Fluent Speech ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Cross Correlations

EMG recordings were made from muscles of the jaw, lip, and neck during speech of 10 stutterers and 10 nonstutterers. One-second records of disfluent behaviors of stutterers and of fluent speech of the normal speakers were analyzed by computing cross correlations between all possible muscle pairs and spectra for each muscle channel. The cross correlation analysis indicated that for both the disfluent behavior of stutterers and the fluent speech of nonstutterers, jaw muscles (including antagonistic pairs), lip muscles, and neck muscles tend to be coactivated. Thus, no dramatic differences in muscle activation patterns were revealed in the correlational analysis. In contrast, spectral analysis revealed differences between muscle activity during disfluent behavior and fluent speech. During disfluencies the muscles of 6 of the stutterers showed large, rhythmic oscillations in the frequency range of 5 to 12 Hz. Large oscillations were not observed in this frequency range in the muscle activity of normal speakers. The oscillations in muscle activity during disfluencies generally occurred at the same frequency in the various muscle systems studied. These results suggest that diverse muscles are subject to common oscillatory synaptic drive during disfluent behaviors and that this drive is disruptive to speech production. A reasonable speculation is that the disruptive oscillatory drive is produced by tremorogenic mechanisms.

Real-Time Closed-Loop Functional Electrical Stimulation Control of Muscle Activation with Evoked Electromyography Feedback for Spinal Cord Injured Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Li ◽  
David Guiraud ◽  
David Andreu ◽  
Anthony Gelis ◽  
Charles Fattal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Evoked Electromyography ◽  
Excitation Model ◽  
Spinal Cord Injured ◽  
Electrical Muscle

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a neuroprosthetic technique to help restore motor function of spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients. Through delivery of electrical pulses to muscles of motor-impaired subjects, FES is able to artificially induce their muscle contractions. Evoked electromyography (eEMG) is used to record such FES-induced electrical muscle activity and presents a form of [Formula: see text]-wave. In order to monitor electrical muscle activity under stimulation and ensure safe stimulation configurations, closed-loop FES control with eEMG feedback is needed to be developed for SCI patients who lose their voluntary muscle contraction ability. This work proposes a closed-loop FES system for real-time control of muscle activation on the triceps surae and tibialis muscle groups through online modulating pulse width (PW) of electrical stimulus. Subject-specific time-variant muscle responses under FES are explicitly reflected by muscle excitation model, which is described by Hammerstein system with its input and output being, respectively, PW and eEMG. Model predictive control is adopted to compute the PW based on muscle excitation model which can online update its parameters. Four muscle activation patterns are provided as desired control references to validate the proposed closed-loop FES control paradigm. Real-time experimental results on three able-bodied subjects and five SCI patients in clinical environment show promising performances of tracking the aforementioned reference muscle activation patterns based on the proposed closed-loop FES control scheme.

scholarly journals The effect of hyper-pronated foot on postural control and ankle muscle activity during running and cutting movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Zahed Mantashloo ◽  
Heydar Sadeghi ◽  
Mehdi Khaleghi Tazji ◽  
Vanessa Rice ◽  
Elizabeth J Bradshaw
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lateral Direction ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Ankle Muscle

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of hyper pronated foot on postural control and ankle muscle activity during running and cutting movement (v-cut). Methods: In this Cross-Sectional study, 42 young physically active (exercising three times per week regularly) males participated in this study, including 21 with hyper-pronated feet and 21 with normal feet. Each participant completed a running and cutting task. Body postural control was measured using a force platform (1000Hz) which was synchronized with surface electromyography of selected ankle muscles. MATLAB software was used to process and analyze the data. One-away ANOVA was used to identify any differences between groups. Results: Differing muscle activation patterns in the surrounding ankle musculature (tibialis anterior, peroneus longus) through to reduced postural stability in the medial-lateral direction and increased vertical ground reaction forces were observed between groups. Conclusion: According to the obtained results it seems that subtalar hyper-pronation can be regarded as a factor affecting the biomechanics of cutting by changing activation patterns of the muscles surrounding the ankle, and reducing postural control of the body in medial-lateral direction, but not in anterior-posterior direction.

scholarly journals Stability of Measurement Outcomes for Voluntary Task Performance in Participants With Chronic Ankle Instability and Healthy Participants

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Van Deun ◽  
Karel Stappaerts ◽  
Oron Levin ◽  
Luc Janssens ◽  
Filip Staes
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Recruitment ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Recruitment Order

Context: Acceptable measurement stability during data collection is critically important to research. To interpret differences in measurement outcomes among participants or changes within participants after an intervention program, we need to know whether the measurement is stable and consistent. Objective: To determine the within-session stability of muscle activation patterns for a voluntary postural-control task in a group of noninjured participants and a group of participants with chronic ankle instability (CAI). Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Setting: Musculoskeletal laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Twenty control participants (8 men, 12 women; age = 21.8 ± 2.4 years, height = 164.3 ± 13.4 cm, mass = 68.4 ± 17.9 kg) and 20 participants with CAI (12 men, 8 women; age = 21.2 ± 2.1 years, height = 176 ± 10.2 cm, mass = 71.7 ± 11.3 kg). Intervention(s): Participants performed 4 barefoot standing trials, each of which included a 30-second double-legged stance followed by a 30-second single-legged stance in 3 conditions: with vision, without vision, and with vision on a balance pad. Main Outcome Measure(s): The activity of 7 muscles of the lower limb was measured for the stance task in the 3 different conditions for each trial. The onset of muscle activity and muscle recruitment order were determined and compared between the first and the fourth trials for both groups and for each condition. Results: We found no differences in the onset of muscle activity among trials for both groups or for each condition. The measurement error was 0.9 seconds at maximum for the control group and 0.12 seconds for the CAI group. In the control group, 70% to 80% of the participants used the same muscle recruitment order in both trials. In the CAI group, 75% to 90% used the same recruitment order. Conclusions: Within 1 session, measurement stability for this task was acceptable for use in further research. Furthermore, no differences were found in measurement stability across conditions in the control or CAI groups.

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