scholarly journals Daylighting Performance of Light Shelf Photovoltaics (LSPV) for Office Buildings in Hot Desert-Like Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 7959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Mesloub ◽  
Aritra Ghosh

Visual comfort and energy consumption for lighting in large office buildings is an area of ongoing research, specifically focusing on the development of a daylight control technique (light shelf) combined with solar energy. This study aims to investigate the optimum performance of light shelf photovoltaics (LSPV) to improve daylight distribution and maximize energy savings for the hot desert-like climate of Saudi Arabia. A radiance simulation analysis was conducted in four phases to evaluate: appropriate height, reflector, internal curved light shelf (LS) angle, and the integrated photovoltaic (PV) with various coverages (25%, 50%, 75%, and entirely external LS). The results revealed that the optimum is achieved at a height of 1.3 m, the addition of a 30 cm reflector on the top of a window with an internal LS curved angle of 10° with 100% coverage (LSPV1, LSPV2). Such an arrangement reduces the energy consumption by more than 85%, eliminates uncomfortable glare, and provides uniform daylight except for during the winter season. Hence, the optimization of the LSPV system is considered to be an effective solution for sustainable buildings.

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhakim Mesloub ◽  
Ghazy Abdullah Albaqawy ◽  
Mohd Zin Kandar

Recently, Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) windows have become an alternative energy solution to achieve a zero-energy building (ZEB) and provide visual comfort. In Algeria, some problems arise due to the high energy consumption levels of the building sector. Large amounts of this energy are lost through the external envelope façade, because of the poorness of the window’s design. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate the optimum BIPV window performance for overall energy consumption (OEC) in terms of energy output, heating and cooling load, and artificial lighting to ensure visual comfort and energy savings in typical office buildings under a semi-arid climate. Field measurements of the tested office were carried out during a critical period. The data have been validated and used to develop a model for an OEC simulation. Extensive simulations using graphical optimization methods are applied to the base-model, as well as nine commercially-available BIPV modules with different Window Wall Ratios (WWRs), cardinal orientations, and tilt angles. The results of the investigation from the site measurements show a significant amount of energy output compared to the energy demand. This study revealed that the optimum BIPV window design includes double-glazing PV modules (A) with medium WWR and 20% VLT in the southern façade and 30% VLT toward the east–west axis. The maximum energy savings that can be achieved are 60% toward the south orientation by double-glazing PV module (D). On the other hand, the PV modules significantly minimize the glare index compared to the base-model. The data extracted from the simulation established that the energy output percentages in a 3D model can be used by architects and designers in early stages. In the end, the adoption of optimum BIPV windows shows a significant enough improvement in their overall energy savings and visual comfort to consider them essential under a semi-arid climate.


Solar Energy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abd El Mohimen ◽  
George Hanna ◽  
Moncef Krarti

This paper summarizes the results of a simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of daylighting in reducing electrical energy consumption for office buildings in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on daylighting performance is investigated of window size, building size, daylighting control, and glazing type for three geographical locations in Egypt. It was determined that a window to wall area ratio of 0.20 minimizes the total annual electricity use for office buildings in three Egyptian locations, Cairo, Alexandria, and Aswan. A simplified analysis method is developed based on the analysis results to estimate the annual electrical energy savings attributed to daylighting.


2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34
Author(s):  
Farheen Bano ◽  
Vandana Sehgal

In this study, the energy consumption of three government and three private office buildings in Lucknow was investigated, and the energy performance index (EPI) for each building was determined. The main purpose of this research was to assess the energy usage of the buildings and identify factors affecting the energy usage. An analysis was performed using data from an energy audit of government buildings, electricity bills of private office buildings, and an on-site visit to determine building envelope materials and its systems. The annual energy consumption of buildings has been evaluated through EPI. The EPI, measured in kilowatt hour per square meter per year, is annual energy consumption in kilowatt hours divided by the gross floor area of the building in square meters. In this study, the energy benchmark for day-time-use office buildings in composite climate specified by Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) has been compared with the energy consumption of the selected buildings. Consequently, it has been found that the average EPI of the selected buildings was close to the national energy benchmark indicated by ECBC. Moreover, factors causing inefficient energy consumption were determined, and solutions for consistent energy savings are suggested for buildings in composite climate.


2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshya Sharma ◽  
K Kishan Lal ◽  
Dibakar Rakshit

Residential and commercial buildings together account for one-third of world’s final energy consumption, thus making energy management in buildings of considerable significance. Passive design concept that depends on climate and location can be used as an effective and economical method to reduce the energy consumption in buildings. Seven cities in India, each representative of different geographic and climatic conditions, were selected for analysis. This article studies how the peak cooling and heating load are affected by varying some of the passive design parameters for each of the seven cities. The parameters varied are wall insulation thickness, roof insulation thickness, overhang depth, window orientation, and window-to-wall ratio. Results show that optimized passive design could reduce the peak cooling and heating loads by about 50%. Shading reduces cooling loads but is found to increase heating loads. In some of the locations, both heating in winter and cooling in summer are needed and designers should adopt appropriate passive measures depending on the location. Also for the same building, evaluation of shading is done in the context of lighting energy savings. An algorithm has been developed to iteratively alter and analyze set of roller blind positions to maintain visual comfort; as a result, the corresponding potential annual energy savings due to lighting were estimated. It was also observed that even after providing visual comfort to the occupants, energy savings only reduced by approximately 1% as compared to the case when visual comfort was overlooked.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9597
Author(s):  
Daniel Uribe ◽  
Sergio Vera

Office buildings are usually characterized by low thermal inertia, which could cause underperformance in terms of energy consumption. Moreover, the use of large, glazed façades in office buildings can cause thermal and visual discomfort due to high solar heat gains and excessive daylight transmitted into the office space. Phase Change Materials (PCMs) integrated into glazing have arisen as an innovative strategy to increase thermal inertia and improve office buildings’ energy performance and indoor comfort at a low cost. This paper aims to analyze the impact of PCM glazing on buildings’ energy performance and occupants’ thermal and visual comfort. The analysis is performed through a one-year real-scale experiment in two offices in Santiago, Chile, with an east-oriented façade and a window-to-wall ratio (WWR) of 56%. The results are analyzed on two timescales: seasonally and daily. Representative days in each season were selected to carry out the analysis. Regarding the energy consumption of the HVAC system, PCM glazing reduces energy consumption during summer and mid-seasons and significantly reduces the peak loads in summer. A meaningful improvement in thermal comfort is achieved due to the control of the mean radiant temperature for the whole year. Considering visual comfort, there is an improvement in the luminance distribution in winter and mid-season cold conditions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Кузнецов ◽  
Валентина Тихоновна Габриелова

Последовательное сочетание различных методов обезвоживания является одним из традиционных направлений при организации эффективного производства концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов. Этот подход призван обеспечить заданные качества конечного продукта при минимальных энергозатратах технологии. Расчеты подобных многоэтапных процессов в силу высокой сложности постоянно являются предметом исследований. Оценка влияния стадийности обезвоживания при выработке концентрированных, сгущенных и сухих молочных продуктов на энергоемкость процесса является целью данной работы. Объектами исследования были жидкие, концентрированные и сухие молочные продукты, а также параметры процессов их обезвоживания. Ведение процесса сушки в две стадии позволяет получить экономию энергии до 10-15 %. Предварительная обработка исходного продукта мембранными методами (ультрафильтрация, нанофильтрация, обратный осмос) также дает возможность получать определенный эффект в энергозатратах. Применительно к распылительной сушке молочных продуктов широкое применение находит процесс, включающий предварительную концентрацию исходного продукта тем или иным мембранным методом, сгущение продукта методом вакуум-выпаривания, распылительную сушку горячим воздухом до влажности, на 2-4 % превышающую требуемую, окончательную досушку продукта в «псевдокипящем» слое до требуемой влажности и, наконец, охлаждение продукта также в «псевдокипящем» слое. На основании условий материального и энергетического баланса получено выражение для оценки удельных затрат в процессе многостадийного обезвоживания, позволяющее проводить сравнительную оценку затрат на производство сухих молочных продуктов, определять целесообразность их создания или реконструкции, исходя из планируемых объемов переработки и финансовых возможностей. Целевыми функциями, описывающими процесс обезвоживания, следует рассматривать функции, описывающие изменение влажности продукта, удельные затраты энергии на обработку продукта и качество конечного продукта. A consistent combination of different methods of dehydration is one of the promising directions in the organization of the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products. This ensures the desired quality of the final product at the lowest possible energy consumption. Calculations of such multi-stage processes, due to their high complexity, are constantly the subject of ongoing research. The purpose of this paper is to assess the effect of the stages of dehydration in the production of concentrated, condensed and dry dairy products on the energy intensity of the process. The objects of the study were liquid, concentrated and dry dairy products, as well as the parameters of their dehydration processes. Conducting the drying process in two stages allows you to get energy savings of up to 10-15 %. Pretreatment of the initial product by membran methods (ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis) also makes it possible to obtain a certain gain in energy consumption. In relation to the spray drying of dairy products, a process is widely used, including the preliminary concentration of the initial product by one or another membrane method, the thickening of the product by vacuum evaporation, spray drying with hot air to a humidity 2-4 % higher than the required, the final drying of the product in the «pseudo-boiling» layer to the required humidity and, finally, the cooling of the product also in the «pseudo-boiling» layer. Based on the conditions of the material and energy balances, an expression is obtained for estimating the unit costs in the process of multi-stage dewatering, which allows for a comparative assessment of the costs of producing dry dairy products, determining the feasibility of its creation or reconstruction, based on the planned processing volumes and financial capabilities. The target functions describing the dewatering process should be considered functions describing the change in product moisture, the specific energy consumption for processing the product, and the quality of the final product.


2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 1820-1824
Author(s):  
Shuo Peng Zhang ◽  
Xiao Ju Xu ◽  
Rui Li

This research is aimed at exploring the influence factors of energy consumption and energy management by researching 16 big office buildings located in the north of China, and offer some energy saving suggestions by improving the user behaviors.


2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa Abd El Mohimen ◽  
George Hanna ◽  
Moncef Krarti

This paper summarizes the results of a simulation analysis to determine the effectiveness of daylighting in reducing electrical energy consumption for office buildings in Egypt. Specifically, the impact on daylighting performance is investigated of window size, building size, daylighting control, and glazing type for three geographical locations in Egypt. It was determined that a window to wall area ratio of 0.20 minimizes the total annual electricity use for office buildings in three Egyptian locations, Cairo, Alexandria, and Aswan. A simplified analysis method is developed based on the analysis results to estimate the annual electrical energy savings attributed to daylighting.


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