scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Salinization Risk Following Application of Anti-Dust Emission Solutions on Unpaved Roads in Arid and Semiarid Regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1771
Author(s):  
Meni Ben-Hur ◽  
Reut Cohen ◽  
Michael Danon ◽  
Uri Nachshon ◽  
Itzhak Katra
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Unpaved Roads ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Solution Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Unpaved roads could be a significant source of dust emission. A common and effective practice to suppress this emission is the application of brine solution on these roads. However, this application could increase the risk of water source salinization in arid and semiarid regions, such as Israel. The general objective of the present study was to investigate the potential effects of treated wastewater (TWW), fresh water (FW), and brine applications as anti-dust emission solutions on water source salinization in these regions. A rainfall simulator experiment and a mass balance model were used for this goal. The TWW loaded the highest amounts of Cl, Na, and Ca+Mg on the unpaved roads, while the brine loaded higher amounts of Cl and Ca+Mg than the FW, and ~0 Na. In the rainfall experiment, runoff was not formed, and ~100% of the loaded amounts were leached downwards by rain, indicating a negligible salinization risk to surface water. We estimated that the average increases in the Cl concentrations in the modeled aquifer, following TWW, brine, and FW applications, were low: 1.2–1.6, 0.58–0.8, and 0.32–0.4 mg L−1, respectively. Thus, the solution selection for preventing dust emission should be based on the total cost of the solution application.

Biogeophysical Forcing of Land-Use Changes on Local Temperatures across Different Climate Regimes in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 7053-7068 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Huang ◽  
J. Zhai ◽  
C. Y. Sun ◽  
J. Y. Liu ◽  
J. Ning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Mitigate Climate Change ◽  
Arid And Semiarid

Land-use changes (LUCs) strongly influence regional climates through both the biogeochemical and biogeophysical processes. However, many studies have ignored the biogeophysical processes, which in some cases can offset the biogeochemical impacts. We integrated the field observations, satellite-retrieved data, and a conceptual land surface energy balance model to provide new evidence to fill our knowledge gap concerning how regional warming or cooling is affected by the three main types of LUCs (afforestation, cropland expansion, and urbanization) in different climate zones of China. According to our analyses, similar LUCs presented varied, even reverse, biogeophysical forcing on local temperatures across different climate regimes. Afforestation in arid and semiarid regions has caused increased net radiation that has typically outweighed increased latent evapotranspiration, thus warming has been the net biogeophysical effect. However, it has resulted in cooling in subtropical zones because the increase in net radiation has been exceeded by the increase in latent evapotranspiration. Cropland expansion has decreased the net radiation more than latent evapotranspiration, which has resulted in biogeophysical cooling in arid and semiarid regions. Conversely, it has caused warming in subtropical zones as a result of increases in net radiation and decreases in latent evapotranspiration. In all climatic regions, the net biogeophysical effects of urbanization have generally resulted in more or less warming because urbanization has led to smaller net radiation decreases than latent evapotranspiration. This study reinforces the need to adjust land-use policies to consider biogeophysical effects across different climate regimes and to adapt to and mitigate climate change.

Wastewater Reuse for River Recovery in Semi-Arid Israel

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Juanico ◽  
Eran Friedler
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Pollution Impacts ◽  
Semi Arid

Most of the water has been captured in the rivers of Israel and they have turned into dry river-beds which deliver only sporadic winter floods. In a semi-arid country where literally every drop of water is used, reclaimed wastewater is the most feasible water source for river recovery. Two topics are addressed in this paper: water quality management in rivers where most of the flowing water is treated wastewater, and the allocations of reclaimed wastewater required for the recovery of rivers and streams. Water quality management must consider that the main source of water to the river has a pollution loading which reduces its capability to absorb other pollution impacts. The allocation of treated wastewater for the revival of rivers may not affect negatively the water balance of the region; it may eventually improve it. An upstream bruto allocation of 122 MCM/year of wastewater for the recovery of 14 rivers in Israel may favor downstream reuse of this wastewater, resulting in a small neto allocation and in an increase of the water resources available to the country. The discharge of effluents upstream to revive the river followed by their re-capture downstream for irrigation, implies a further stage in the intensification of water reuse.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of Sarcocystis spp. in cattle of Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Savini ◽  
J. D. Dunsmore ◽  
I. D. Robertson ◽  
P. Seneviratna
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Semiarid Regions ◽  
Sex Influence ◽  
Sarcocystis Spp ◽  
Artificial Digestion ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
Arid And Semiarid ◽  
Age And Sex

SUMMARYOesophagus samples from 714 cattle from Western Australia were examined by artificial digestion to detect the presence of Sarcocystis spp. The overall prevalence of infection was 52%. The prevalence of infection increased with age and was highest in the entire males (92%). The prevalence was lower in cattle which originated from arid and semiarid regions (9 and 31% respectively) than those from tropical (87%) and temperate (60%) regions. possible reasons for these differences are discussed and it is concluded that environmental and management factors as well as host age and sex influence the prevalence of infection with Sarcocystis spp. in cattle.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document