scholarly journals Geochemical and Petrographical Characteristics of the Madzaringwe Formation Coal, Mudrocks and Sandstones in the Vele Colliery, Limpopo Province, South Africa: Implications for Tectonic Setting, Provenance and Paleoweathering

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2782
Author(s):  
Elelwani Denge ◽  
Christopher Baiyegunhi
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Granite Gneiss ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Mgo Support ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

The sedimentary rocks of the Madzaringwe Formation in the Tuli Basin have been investigated using geochemical and petrographic methods to reveal their source area composition, tectonic setting, provenance and paleoweathering conditions. The petrographic studies show that the rocks consist mostly of clay minerals and quartz. The major elements geochemistry indicates that the rocks of the Madzaringwe Formation have the same source area. Based on the discriminant function plots, it can be inferred that the rocks are of quartzose sedimentary provenance, suggesting that they were derived from a cratonic interior or recycled orogen. The binary plots of TiO2 versus Zr and La/Sr against Th/Co shows that the rocks were derived from silicic or felsic igneous rocks. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams of SiO2 against Log (K2O/Na2O), Th–Sc–Zr/10, and TiO2 versus (Fe2O3 + MgO) support passive-active continental margin settings of the provenance. The A–CN–K (Al2O3–CaO + Na2O–K2O) ternary diagram and binary plot of the index of compositional variability (ICV) against chemical index of alteration (CIA) shows that the rocks have been subjected to moderate to intensive weathering. Geochemical and petrographic characteristics of the rocks point to uplifted basement source areas predominantly composed of sedimentary rocks and/or granite-gneiss rocks. These source areas might have been from adjacent areas near the Tuli coalfield which include the Limpopo Belt (igneous and sedimentary rocks), and basement uplifted rocks of the Beit-Bridge Complex, consisting of the granite, granite-gneisses and schists.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of the Permian sandstones from the Malužiná Formation in the Malé Karpaty Mts (Hronic Unit, Western Carpathians, Slovakia): implications for source-area weathering, provenance and tectonic setting

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Vďačný ◽  
Anna Vozárová ◽  
Jozef Vozár
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Fold Belts ◽  
Rifted Continental Margin ◽  
Bulk Chemical ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration ◽  
Ree Patterns

Abstract The Permian sandstones of the Malužiná Formation in the northern part of the Malé Karpaty Mts are dominantly quartzofeldspathic and quartzolithic in composition with abundant feldspars and volcanic, plutonic igneous and less metasedimentary lithic fragments, indicating the sand grains were derived from a basement uplift and recycled orogen. The Malužiná Formation sandstones have moderate to high SiO2 contents (68-85 wt. %; on average 76 wt. %), TiO2 concentrations averaging 0.3 wt. %, Al2O3 contents of about 12 wt. %, and Fe2O3 (total Fe as Fe2O3) + MgO contents of around 2.9 wt. %. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) values for the Permian Malužiná Formation sandstones vary from 45 to 68 with an average of 55, indicating low to moderate weathering of the source area. The bulk chemical composition and selected trace elements preserve the signatures of a felsic and intermediate igneous provenance, and suggest mostly an active continental margin tectonic setting of the source area for the Malužiná Formation sandstones. The Eu/Eu* (~0.78), La/Sc (~7.28), Th/Sc (~2.10), La/Co (~6.67), Th/Co (~1.85), and Cr/Th (~6.57) ratios as well as the chondrite-normalized REE patterns with flat HREE, LREE enrichment, and negative Eu anomalies indicate derivation of the Malužiná Formation sandstones from felsic rock sources. The deposition of the Malužiná Formation sandstones took place in a rifted continental margin environment supplied from collision orogen on a thick continental crust composed of rocks of older fold belts.

scholarly journals Sandstone petrography and geochemistry of the Nayband Formation (Upper Triassic, Central Iran): Implications for sediment provenance and tectonic setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar Etesampour ◽  
Asadollah Mahboubi ◽  
Reza Moussavi-Harami ◽  
Nasser Arzani ◽  
Mohammad Ali Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Upper Triassic ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Sediment Provenance ◽  
Provenance Areas ◽  
Nayband Formation ◽  
Southwestern Margin

AbstractThe Upper Triassic (Norian–Rhaetian) Nayband Formation is situated at the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent and records Eo-Cimmerian events. The formation is composed of mixed carbonate-siliciclastic deposits. This study presents information on the tectonic reconstruction and palaeoclimate of the southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic. Petrography and modal analyses of sandstones show a variety of quartz-rich petrofacies including subarkose, lithic arkose, sublitharenite, feldspathic litharenite and litharenite. The combined modal analysis and geochemical results of major and trace elements of the sandstone samples represents mixed sedimentary, intermediate, felsic igneous rocks and moderate- to high-grade metamorphic provenance areas. The major elements and modal analyses of the Nayband Formation sandstone samples suggest an active continental margin tec-tonic settings. The palaeoclimatic conditions were sub-humid to humid with relatively low to moderate weathering in the source area which is in agreement with the palaeogeography and palaeotectonic history of southwestern margin of Central East Iranian Microcontinent during the Late Triassic.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of the mudrocks and sandstones from the Bredasdorp Basin, offshore South Africa: Implications for tectonic provenance and paleoweathering

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1187-1225
Author(s):  
Temitope Love Baiyegunhi ◽  
Kuiwu Liu ◽  
Oswald Gwavava ◽  
Christopher Baiyegunhi ◽  
Maropene Rapholo
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Rift System ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
East African Rift System ◽  
Major Oxide

Abstract An inorganic geochemical investigation of mudrocks and sandstone from the southern Bredasdorp Basin, off the south coast of South Africa was carried out to unravel the provenance, paleoweathering, and tectonic setting of the basin. Seventy-seven representative samples from exploration wells E-AH1, E-AJ1, E-BA1, E-BB1, and E-D3 underwent geochemical analysis involving major and trace elements. The major oxide compositions show that the sandstones could be classified as sub-arkose and sub-lithic arenite. The provenance discrimination diagrams based on major oxide geochemistry revealed that the sandstones are mainly of quartzose sedimentary provenance, while the mudrocks are of quartzose sedimentary and intermediate igneous provenances. The discrimination diagrams indicate that the Bredasdorp sediments were mostly derived from a cratonic interior or recycled orogen. The bivariate plots of TiO2 versus Ni, TiO2 against Zr, and La/Th versus Hf as well as the ternary diagrams of V–Ni–Th∗10 suggest that the mudrocks and sandstones were derived from felsic igneous rocks. The tectonic setting discrimination diagrams support passive-active continental margin setting of the provenance. Also, the closely similar compositions of the analysed samples and recent sedimentary rocks of the East African Rift System perhaps suggest a rifted basin tectonic setting for the Bredasdorp Basin. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) indices observed in the sandstones suggest that their source area underwent low to moderate degree of chemical weathering. However, the mudrocks have high CIA indices suggesting that the source area underwent more intense chemical weathering, possibly due to climatic and/or tectonic variations.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of the Paleocene Clastic Rocks From the Southwestern Jianghan Basin, Central China Reveal Their Provenance, Tectonic Setting, and Palaeoenvironment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Yan ◽  
Chun-lian Wang ◽  
Jiu-yi Wang ◽  
Xiao-can Yu ◽  
Xiao-hua Teng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Central China ◽  
Clastic Rocks ◽  
Ree Distribution ◽  
C Value ◽  
Tectonic Settings ◽  
Jianghan Basin

Abstract This paper intends to learn about the provenance, tectonic setting and paleoenvironment of the Paleocene Shashi Formation in the southern Jianghan Basin by the bulk-rock geochemistry. The K2O/Al2O3 and SiO2/Al2O3 ratios indicate that the major proportion of samples are litharenite. The chondrite-normalized REE distribution pattern of the Shashi Formation’s mudstones are characterized by enriched LREE and flat HREE similar to those of UC with negative Eu anomalies. Combined with the geochemical element ratio discriminant diagram, such as Al2O3-TiO2, Zr-TiO2, La/Sc-Co/Th, and Hf-La/Th, so on, these samples were sourced from mixed felsic/basic rock. Moreover, the discriminant diagrams of K2O/Na2O-SiO2/Al2O3, La-Th-Sc, and Th-Co-Zr/10 suggest that the samples were formed under the tectonic settings of active continental margin and continental island arc. The values of CIA, CIW, PIA, ICV, Zr/Sc-Th/Sc, and ternary diagrams of A-(CN)-K and Al2O3-Zr-TiO2 indicate that weathering in the source area was weak and source rocks have not been reformed by depositional recirculation and hydraulic sorting. And the palaeoenvironmental indicators of C-value, Ni/Co, V/Cr, V/(V+Ni) and Sr/Cu, Ga/Rb indicate that the climate was cool and arid during the evaporite deposition period in the southern Jianghan Basin, and the water was in the condition of oxidation.

Geochemistry of metasedimentary rocks of the Proterozoic Xingxingxia complex: implications for provenance and tectonic setting of the eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone, northwestern China

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiugen Li ◽  
Shuwen Liu ◽  
Baofu Han ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Zhuyin Chu
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Northwestern China ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Isotopic Study ◽  
Tectonic Zone ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Chemical Index ◽  
Eastern Segment ◽  
Chemical Index Of Alteration

The eastern segment of the Central Tianshan Tectonic Zone in northwestern China includes the Proterozoic metasedimentary Xingxingxia complex. Because these rocks have been extensively deformed and metamorphosed to greenschist or amphibolite facies, a geochemical and Nd isotopic study was undertaken to constrain their provenance and tectonic setting, as well as to evaluate the effects of weathering and sedimentary processes on the source rock signature. Major- and trace-element data indicate that these samples are characterized by negative Eu anomalies, low chemical index of alteration values, and high index of compositional variability values. Chemical index of alteration values and the plot of molecular proportions Al2O3–(CaO* + Na2O)–K2O suggest low degrees of weathering of the source. They are compositionally immature and poorly sorted. Geochemical data and immobile elemental ratios, for example Al2O3/TiO2, Cr/Th, Eu/Eu* and (La/Yb)n, indicate that the clastic materials were derived predominantly from felsic sources. Sedimentary tectonic discrimination diagrams demonstrate that most of the samples of the Xingxingxia complex were deposited on an active continental margin or continental island-arc setting. Rare-earth element distributions, εNd(t) values (calculated at 1.20 Ga, varying from –3.00 to +6.1), TDM model ages (ranging from 1.30 to 2.30), and t – εNd(t) plot, indicate that sediments of the Proterozoic Xingxingxia complex were derived from varying degrees of mixing between Paleoproterozoic crust and juvenile materials with the former predominating. There is an increased flux of juvenile materials from Weiya in the east through Dikar to Kumishi. The secondary juvenile source may be 1.2 Ga arc-magma materials.

scholarly journals The Provenance and Tectonic Settings of the Greywacke Member of the Late Neoproterozoic Hazara Formation Lesser Himalayas, Northern Pakistan: Evidence from Geochemistry and Petrography

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (12) ◽  
pp. 3505-3522
Author(s):  
Qamar UZ Zaman Dar ◽  
Pu Renhai ◽  
Zulqarnain Sajid ◽  
Mubashir Mehmood ◽  
Abdul Wahab Abdul Wahab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Region ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Quartz Content ◽  
Elemental Ratios ◽  
Lesser Himalayas ◽  
Tectonic Settings ◽  
Late Neoproterozoic

The petrographic and geochemical analysis of the greywacke horizon of the late Neoproterozoic Hazara Formation from the Hazara Mountains has been investigated to determine the provenance, tectonic settings and weathering history of the sediments. The Late Neoproterozoic Hazara Formation is a thick sedimentary sequence comprising of greywacke, shale, argillites, siltstone, and limestone. The greywackes are characterized by fine to medium-grained, moderately sorted and sub-angular to sub-rounded framework grains. They are rich in quartz, lithic fragments and clay minerals. The petrographic investigation of the greywackes categorized them as feldspathic greywacke in the QFR diagram. The quartz content is higher in sandstone and may reach to 70%, which indicates a weathered felsic source. Chemical Index of Alteration values of greywacke suggests that the source region has experienced highly weathering conditions with a warm and moist climate. Various geochemical interpretations, elemental ratios like Th/Sc, La/Sc,Th/Cr, and positive Eu anomalies indicate that the greywackes of the Hazara formation derived from a felsic source and were deposited within an active continental margin tectonic settings. The main source area of the sediments of the greywackes was located to south to southeast, which may possibly be the Aravali orogeny, central Indian craton and Bundelkhand craton. Finally, the geochemical data of the major elements point to a felsic igneous provenance for the greywacke.

scholarly journals Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic terrigenous deposits of the South-West Primorye: material composition and origin

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.И. МАЛИНОВСКИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Active Continental Margin ◽  
Volcanic Rocks ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Material Composition ◽  
Clastic Material ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Early Mesozoic ◽  
South West

Рассматриваются результаты изучения вещественного состава палеозойских–раннемезозойских терригенных отложений Лаоелин-Гродековского террейна (юго-западное Приморье). Цель исследования – палеогео­динамическая реконструкция обстановок формирования отложений изученных свит, а также определение типов и породных составов их источников питания. Установлено, что отложения свит существенно различаются по вещественному составу, следовательно, они формировались в различных палеогеодинамических обстановках. Отложения кордонкинской свиты накапливались в бассейне, связанном с океанической островной дугой, при этом областью их питания была сама дуга, сложенная основными и средними вулканитами, а также магматическими и осадочными образованиями, входившими в состав ее фундамента. Накопление решетниковской свиты происходило в бассейнах, расположенных на пассивной континентальной окраине. Источниками вещества служили участвовавшие в строении этой окраины кратоны и краевые части рифтов, сложенные гранитоидами, метаморфическими и осадочными породами. Тальминская свита формировалась на активной континентальной окраине в бассейнах рифтогенного происхождения. Источниками кластического материала были краевые части этих рифтов, сложенные кислыми и средними изверженными, а также метаморфическими породами. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать Лаоелин-Гродековский террейн как аккреционную призму, сложенную силурийскими, пермскими и триасовыми образованиями, сформировавшимися в различных палеогеодинамических обстановках. Results of material composition study of Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic terrigenous deposits of Laoeling-Grodekovo terrane (South-West Primorye) are collected. The purpose of the study was to reconstruct paleogeodynamic setting of deposits of studied formations, as well as to determine the types and rock compositions of their power sources. It was established that the deposits differ significantly in their material composition and, accordingly, were formed in different paleogeodynamic settings. Deposits of the Kordonka formation accumulated in the basin associated with the oceanic island arc, while the source area was the arc itself, composed of basic and intermediate volcanic rocks, as well as igneous and sedimentary formations that were part of its foundation. The accumulation of the Reshetnikovka formation took place in basin located on the passive continental margin. The sources of the matter were the cratons and marginal parts of rifts participating in the structure of this margin, composed of granitoids, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. The accumulation of the Tal’mi formation took place on the active continental margin in the basins of riftogenic origin. The sources of the clastic material were the marginal parts of these rifts, composed of acidic and intermediate igneous Laoeling-Grodekovo terrane as an accreationary prism formed by Silurian, Permian and Triassic deposits, which were formed in various paleogeodynamic settings.

scholarly journals PROVENANCE AND TECTONIC SETTING OF SOME PALEOPROTEROZOIC SEDIMENTARY ROCKS IN THE CHAGUPANA AND TARKWA AREAS OF GHANA: PETROGRAPHIC AND STRUCTURAL CONSTRAINTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Blestmond A. Brako ◽  
Gordon Foli ◽  
Etornam B. Fiadonu ◽  
Chiri Amedjoe ◽  
Derrick Aikins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Setting ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Source Area ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
The North ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Multiple Recycling ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Rock Source

Paleoproterozoic sedimentary rocks associated with the Man Shield of West Africa are perceived to be similar, irrespective of their locality. This research seeks to establish the provenance and tectonic setting of these rocks to ascertain any such similarity perception, based on information from two localities. The study uses modal mineral estimations to reconstruct the source, paleocurrent, paleoclimate and relief of some conglomerates and sandstones from Chagupana and Tarkwa areas in Ghana. Chagupana conglomerate has igneous and metamorphic provenances, while Kawere conglomerate has metamorphic provenance. Average mineralogical composition of Chagupana sandstone is Q53-F45-R3 and classify as arkose. Tarkwa suites of Huni, Kawere and Banket sandstones are composed of Q48-F34-R18, Q51-F25-R23 and Q76-F7-R17, and classify as lithic arkose, lithic arkose-feldspathic litharenite, and sublitharenite, respectively. Detritus of all the sandstones suggest acid igneous rock source, with minor sedimentary and metamorphic imprints, with an order of maturity as Banket>Kawere>Huni>Chagupana. Detritus in the Chagupana, Huni and Kawere sandstones are from the transitional continental margin. The Chagupana is from the cold arid climate, while the Huni and Kawere are from the semi-arid/semi-humid climates. The Banket sandstone mobilises from craton interior with recycled orogenic materials in a humid environment. The angular-subangular feldspars in Chagupana sandstone indicate low relief and low-moderate recycling close to the source. Huni, Kawere and Banket sandstones derive from low-moderate reliefs with multiple recycling episodes. The Chagupana and Huni sandstones show paleo-current directions from the north and east, respectively. Similarities between the Chagupana and Tarkwa rocks can only be limited to the tectonic setting and not from source area, paleo-climate, paleo-current and relief.

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