scholarly journals HSB-SPAM: An Efficient Image Filtering Detection Technique

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3749
Author(s):  
Saurabh Agarwal ◽  
Ki-Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Median Filtering ◽  
First Order ◽  
Compressed Images ◽  
Image Forensic ◽  
Robust Image ◽  
Bit Plane ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Median Filtering Detection ◽  
Multiple Difference ◽  
State Of Art

Median filtering is being used extensively for image enhancement and anti-forensics. It is also being used to disguise the traces of image processing operations such as JPEG compression and image resampling when utilized in image de-noising and smoothing tool. In this paper, a robust image forensic technique namely HSB-SPAM is proposed to assist in median filtering detection. The proposed technique considers the higher significant bit-plane (HSB) of the image to highlight the statistical changes efficiently. Further, multiple difference arrays along with the first order pixel difference is used to separate the pixel difference, and Laplacian pixel difference is applied to extract a robust feature set. To compact the size of feature vectors, the operation of thresholding on the difference arrays is also utilized. As a result, the proposed detector is able to detect median, mean and Gaussian filtering operations with higher accuracy than the existing detectors. In the experimental results, the performance of the proposed detector is validated on the small size and post JPEG compressed images, where it is shown that the proposed method outperforms the state of art detectors in the most of the cases.

Robust median filtering detection based on the difference of frequency residuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 8363-8381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Rongrong Ni ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Yao Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Median Filtering ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Median Filtering Detection

scholarly journals Female directors in Italy: The state of art after the mandatory gender quota

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sveva Magnanelli ◽  
Elisa Raoli ◽  
Riccardo Tiscini
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
The State ◽  
Board Composition ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Female Directors ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
State Of Art

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the state of art of female directors in terms of presence, role and remuneration for Italian corporate boards. The analysis wants to highlight the changes occurred after the introduction of the mandatory female quotas legislation in 2012 and to check how many firms are already complying with the law after 2 years. The picture of the state of art is drawn looking at 163 Italian listed firms for a period of 4 years, from 2011 to 2014. The analysis of the data reveals relevant differences in board composition before and after the law. A significant result concerning the presence of female directors stands in the difference between family and non-family firms: the first are those with higher number of female members in the board. Additionally, an interesting data refers to the amount of remuneration for women, which is significantly lower than the remuneration provided to male directors. Being the first work which charts the situation of board composition and board member remuneration in Italy before and after female quotas introduction, this paper wants to trace some key points for future analysis about the impact of female quotas on various firm’s aspects, such as firm performance, firm earning management and quality, governance characteristics.

scholarly journals BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE AND ITS ROLE IN ORGANIZATIONAL AGILITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (26) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Jorge Leonardo González Calderón ◽  
Jairo Jamith Palacios Rozo ◽  
Julio Alberto Perea Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Organizational Agility ◽  
World Class ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Agile Enterprises

Business Intelligence (BI)  is one of the business tools on which competitive advantages of various world-class companies are based. Also in the highly competitive and changing global environment, the ability of an organization to detect changes,  make decisions and  to do a fast implementation, is the difference between  grow or disappear; this attribute in an organization  is named Organizational  Agility (AO). In this paper, through the systematic review of the literature, the state of art of both fields (BI and AO) is established and in particular studies examining the relationship between the two. The research about this relation is beginning, and therefore is a field with much to explore.About BI, its evolution is denoted  on the concepts of maturity, technical and analytical technologies.  Referring to organizational  agility, the concept  is reviewed  as such and  factors that promote, with special  emphasis on the factors for the couple of concepts. The conclusion is that a positive relationship is two-way, the AO is favored with BI projects in BI mature companies,  and agile enterprises obtain better results of BI.

scholarly journals Weak solvability of the unconditionally stable difference scheme for the coupled sine-Gordon system

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 997-1014
Author(s):  
Ozgur Yildirim ◽  
Meltem Uzun
Keyword(s):  
Difference Scheme ◽  
Numerical Method ◽  
Existence And Uniqueness ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Finite Difference Schemes ◽  
Order Of Accuracy ◽  
Unconditionally Stable ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Weak Solvability

In this paper, we study the existence and uniqueness of weak solution for the system of finite difference schemes for coupled sine-Gordon equations. A novel first order of accuracy unconditionally stable difference scheme is considered. The variational method also known as the energy method is applied to prove unique weak solvability.We also present a new unified numerical method for the approximate solution of this problem by combining the difference scheme and the fixed point iteration. A test problem is considered, and results of numerical experiments are presented with error analysis to verify the accuracy of the proposed numerical method.

From First-Order Coherence to Higher-Order Coherence of Synchrotron Radiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneaki Miyahara
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
First Order ◽  
Noise Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

The difference between first-order and second-order coherence of synchrotron radiation is discussed in relation to how they can be measured and how they affect the noise characteristics of future free-electron lasers.

scholarly journals VIII—Propositions and Cognitive Relations

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas K Jones
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Natural Language Semantics ◽  
True Nature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Language Semantics ◽  
Ontological Categories ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Semantic Types

Abstract There are two broad approaches to theorizing about ontological categories. Quineans use first-order quantifiers to generalize over entities of each category, whereas type theorists use quantification on variables of different semantic types to generalize over different categories. Does anything of import turn on the difference between these approaches? If so, are there good reasons to go type-theoretic? I argue for positive answers to both questions concerning the category of propositions. I also discuss two prominent arguments for a Quinean conception of propositions, concerning their role in natural language semantics and apparent quantification over propositions within natural language. It will emerge that even if these arguments are sound, there need be no deep question about Quinean propositions’ true nature, contrary to much recent work on the metaphysics of propositions.

On the Chemical Reactivity of the Phytochrome Chromophore in the Pr and Pfr Form

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Thümmler ◽  
Peter Eilfeld ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger ◽  
Doo-Khil Moon ◽  
Pill-Soon Song
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Order Reaction ◽  
First Order Reaction ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
The Difference

The reactivity of the phytochrome chromophore and related tetrapyrroles towards ozone and tetranitromethane was investigated. Both oxidizing reagents cause bleaching of the main absorp­tion band of the pigment. The rate constants for this bleaching were determined under conditions of pseudo first order reaction kinetics. The rate constants for the reaction with ozone are similar for native phytochrome and for freely accessible tetrapyrroles (biliverdin, small chromopeptides from phytochrome) indicating that accessibility is not the limiting factor for the reaction with ozone. Under a variety of conditions, the Pfr chromophore reacts by about 10% faster than the Pr chromophore. This may reflect the true difference in reactivity. The rate constants for the reaction with tetranitromethane are much larger for biliverdin, bilirubin and small chromopeptides from phytochrome than for native phytochrome. The limiting factor for this reaction in native phytochrome therefore is the accessibility of the chromophore by the reagent. Previous conclusions on the difference in exposure of the tetrapyrrole chromophore in Pr and Pfr are confirmed.

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