scholarly journals Thermodynamics of Soil Microbial Metabolism: Applications and Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4962
Author(s):  
Nieves Barros
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Thermodynamic State ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Use Efficiency

The thermodynamic characterization of soils would help to study and to understand their strategies for survival, as well as defining their evolutionary state. It is still a challenging goal due to difficulties in calculating the thermodynamic state variables (enthalpy, Gibbs energy, and entropy) of the reactions taking place in, and by, soils. Advances in instrumentation and methodologies are bringing options for those calculations, boosting the interest in this subject. The thermodynamic state variables involve considering the soil microbial functions as key channels controlling the interchange of matter and energy between soil and the environment, through the concept of microbial energy use efficiency. The role of microbial diversity using the energy from the soil organic substrates, and, therefore, the who, where, with whom, and why of managing that energy is still unexplored. It could be achieved by unraveling the nature of the soil organic substrates and by monitoring the energy released by the soil microbial metabolism when decomposing and assimilating those substrates. This review shows the state of the art of these concepts and the future impact of thermodynamics on soil science and on soil ecology.

scholarly journals The Overexpression of Glutamine Synthetase in Transgenic Poplar: A Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kirby ◽  
F. Gallardo ◽  
H. Man ◽  
R. El-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract In investigating the pivotal role of glutamine synthetase in woody plant development, we have strived to develop an understanding of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms whereby enhanced expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in poplar contributes to vegetative growth through enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Considerable effort has also centered on characterization of enhanced resistance of transgenic GS overexpressor lines to abiotic stresses and proposed mechanisms. This summary of our work also focuses on future applications in forest tree improvement.

Process intensification in chemical engineering: general trends and Russian contribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rufat S. Abiev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Russian Scientist ◽  
Energy Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract Minimization of the costs with simultaneous increase in the raw materials and energy use efficiency is a challenge for the modern world. One of the most effective tools to solve this task is the use of process intensification (PI), first proposed by Ramshaw C. The incentive for process intensification, Proceedings, 1st Intl. Conf. Proc. Intensif. for Chem. Ind., 18, BHR Group, London, 1995, p. 1. and then extended by Stankiewicz AI, Moulijn JA. Process intensification: transforming chemical engineering. Chem Eng Prog 2000: 22–34. In the presented review, some principles of PI in chemical engineering and their application for wide variety of processes is discussed. The role of the Russian scientist with a research background is carried out in other countries.

Mathematical approaches for optimization of dengue fever dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950006
Author(s):  
Didar Murad ◽  
Noor Badshah ◽  
Muhammad Ali Syed
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Control Variables ◽  
Vector Population ◽  
Existence Of Optimal Control ◽  
And Control

Background and Objective: For dengue outbreak prevention and vectors reduction, fundamental role of control parameters like vaccination against dengue virus in human population and insecticide in mosquito population have been addressed theoretically and numerically. For this purpose, an existing model was modified to optimize dengue fever. Methodology: Using Pontryagin’s maximum principle, the dynamics of infection for the optimal control problem was addressed, further, defined cost functional, established existence of optimal control, stated Hamiltonian for characterization of optimization. Results: Numerical simulations for optimal state variables and control variables were performed. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate that with low cost of control variables, state variable such as recovered population increases gradually and decrease other state variables for host and vector population.

Digital x-ray mapping of nanometer-size supported bimetallic catalysts

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 530-531
Author(s):  
L. T. Germinario
Keyword(s):  
Background Radiation ◽  
Metal Cluster ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Induced Changes

Understanding the role of metal cluster composition in determining catalytic selectivity and activity is of major interest in heterogeneous catalysis. The electron microscope is well established as a powerful tool for ultrastructural and compositional characterization of support and catalyst. Because the spatial resolution of x-ray microanalysis is defined by the smallest beam diameter into which the required number of electrons can be focused, the dedicated STEM with FEG is the instrument of choice. The main sources of errors in energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDS) are: (1) beam-induced changes in specimen composition, (2) specimen drift, (3) instrumental factors which produce background radiation, and (4) basic statistical limitations which result in the detection of a finite number of x-ray photons. Digital beam techniques have been described for supported single-element metal clusters with spatial resolutions of about 10 nm. However, the detection of spurious characteristic x-rays away from catalyst particles produced images requiring several image processing steps.

Consideraciones en torno a la reducción solipsista

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Carolina Petrillo

ResumenEn el presente trabajo se intentará mostrar que la fenomenología no conduce a una postura solipsista. Para ello, se caracterizará en qué consiste el solipsismo. Luego, se intentará refutar a lo que se ha de llamar “solipsismo metafísico” y “solipsismo gnoseológico”, con el objetivo principal de poner de manifiesto el fundamento de motivación para la salida de la ficción solipsista.Palabras claves:Phenomenology – solipsim – empatía - HusserlAbstractWith the aim of showing that phenomenology does not lead in solipsism, I will first attempt a characterization of it. Then, I will attempt a refutation of the so-called “metaphysical” and “epistemological” solipsisms. Finally, the nature and role of Husserl´s solipsistic fiction is examined, and the grounds that motivate the overcoming of this standpoint are disclosed.key wordsFenomenología – solipsismo - empathy – Husserl

ART STUDIOS – A WAY TO DEVELOPE CHILDREN’S IMAGINATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Liuba Zlatkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Complete Product ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Role Of Parents

The report describes the steps for creating a musical tale by children in the art studios of „Art Workshop“, Shumen. These studios are led by students volunteers related to the arts from pedagogical department of Shumen University, and are realized in time for optional activities in the school where the child studies. The stages of creating a complete product with the help of different arts are traced – from the birth of the idea; the creation of a fairy tale plot by the children; the characterization of the fairy-tale characters; dressing them in movement, song and speech; creating sets and costumes and creating a finished product to present on stage. The role of parents as a link and a necessary helper for children and leaders is also considered, as well as the positive psychological effects that this cooperation creates.

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