A Comparative Analysis of Arabic Text Steganography

Protecting sensitive information transmitted via public channels is a significant issue faced by governments, militaries, organizations, and individuals. Steganography protects the secret information by concealing it in a transferred object such as video, audio, image, text, network, or DNA. As text uses low bandwidth, it is commonly used by Internet users in their daily activities, resulting a vast amount of text messages sent daily as social media posts and documents. Accordingly, text is the ideal object to be used in steganography, since hiding a secret message in a text makes it difficult for the attacker to detect the hidden message among the massive text content on the Internet. Language’s characteristics are utilized in text steganography. Despite the richness of the Arabic language in linguistic characteristics, only a few studies have been conducted in Arabic text steganography. To draw further attention to Arabic text steganography prospects, this paper reviews the classifications of these methods from its inception. For analysis, this paper presents a comprehensive study based on the key evaluation criteria (i.e., capacity, invisibility, robustness, and security). It opens new areas for further research based on the trends in this field.

Download Full-text

A review of arabic text steganography: past and present

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp1040-1046 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 1040

Author(s):

Suhaibah Jusoh ◽

Aida Mustapha ◽

Azizan Ismail ◽

Roshidi Din

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

English Language ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Secret Message ◽

Arabic Text ◽

Hidden Information ◽

Secret Information ◽

Text Steganography

<span>Steganography is a strategy for hiding secret information in a cover document in order to avoid attacker from predict about hidden information. Steganography exploit cover message, for instance text, audio, picture and video to hide the secret message. Before this, linguistic text steganographic techniques are implemented just for the English language. But nowadays different languages are used to hide the data like Arabic language. This language is still new in the steganography and still need practices for empowerment. This paper will present the text steganographic method for Arabic language, scholar paper within 5 year will be analyze and compared. The main objective of this paper is to give the comparative analysis in the Arabic steganography method that has been applied by previous researchers. Finally, the disadvantage and advantage of the method also will be presented in this paper.</span>

Download Full-text

Traid-bit embedding process on Arabic text steganography method

Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.11591/eei.v10i1.2518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 493-500

Author(s):

Roshidi Din ◽

Reema Ahmed Thabit ◽

Nur Izura Udzir ◽

Sunariya Utama

Keyword(s):

Intellectual Property ◽

Continuous Improvement ◽

High Capacity ◽

Arabic Language ◽

The Internet ◽

Arabic Text ◽

Art And Science ◽

Text Steganography ◽

Sharp Edges ◽

Audio Video

The enormous development in the utilization of the Internet has driven by a continuous improvement in the region of security. The enhancement of the security embedded techniques is applied to save the intellectual property. There are numerous types of security mechanisms. Steganography is the art and science of concealing secret information inside a cover media such as image, audio, video and text, without drawing any suspicion to the eavesdropper. The text is ideal for steganography due to its ubiquity. There are many steganography embedded techniques used Arabic language to embed the hidden message in the cover text. Kashida, Shifting Point and Sharp-edges are the three Arabic steganography embedded techniques with high capacity. However, these three techniques have lack of performance to embed the hidden message into the cover text. This paper present about traid-bit method by integrating these three Arabic text steganography embedded techniques. It is an effective way to evaluate many embedded techniques at the same time, and introduced one solution for various cases.

Download Full-text

New text steganography method using the arabic letters dots

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science ◽

10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i3.pp1784-1793 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 1784

Author(s):

Ahlam R. Khekan ◽

Hiba Mohammed Wajeh Majeed ◽

Omer F. Ahmed Adeeb

Keyword(s):

Storage Capacity ◽

New Technology ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Secret Message ◽

New Methods ◽

Arabic Characters ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Text Steganography ◽

Hide Data ◽

Development Methods

<span>With the increasing technological and electronic development, methods have been developed to hide important information using text steganography as a new technology, since it is not noticeable and easy to send and receive. The use of the Arabic language is one of the new methods used to hide data. In this work, we preview our method that depends to use the part of Arabic language properties to embed the secret English message in to cover text to create text steganography. More than half of the Arabic characters contain dots. Several characters have upper dots and others have lower dots. Some have one dot others have two dots. Few have even three dots. In this new idea, we will use the dots of charters to embed the English secret message. First, we will compress the secret message by using the 5-Bit Encoding (T-5BE) to make the cover text able to embed more bits of the secret message by 37.5%. Then we start using the Arabic semantic dictionary to correct the hiding path and enhancement the stego-cover text to eliminate errors caused by switching words. In this research, we were able to extract experimental results that show that the proposed model achieves high masking accuracy in addition to the storage capacity of the cover text.</span>

Download Full-text

A Novel Approach for Arabic Text Steganography Based on the “BloodGroup” Text Hiding Method

Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research ◽

10.48084/etasr.1090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 1482-1485

Author(s):

S. Malalla ◽

F. R. Shareef

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Time Complexity ◽

Third Party ◽

Secret Message ◽

Covert Communication ◽

Arabic Text ◽

Hiding Capacity ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Text Steganography

Steganography is the science of hiding certain messages (data) in groups of irrelevant data possibly of other form. The purpose of steganography is covert communication to hide the existence of a message from an intermediary. Text Steganography is the process of embedding secret message (text) in another text (cover text) so that the existence of secret message cannot be detected by a third party. This paper presents a novel approach for text steganography using the Blood Group (BG) method based on the behavior of blood group. Experimentally it is found that the proposed method got good results in capacity, hiding capacity, time complexity, robustness, visibility, and similarity which shows its superiority as compared to most several existing methods.

Download Full-text

Integrating Light-Weight Cryptography with Diacritics Arabic Text Steganography Improved for Practical Security Applications

Journal of Information Security and Cybercrimes Research ◽

10.26735/fmit1649 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 13-30

Author(s):

Malak G. Alkhudaydi ◽

Adnan A. Gutub

Keyword(s):

Data Security ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Arabic Text ◽

Light Weight ◽

Authentic Texts ◽

Security Applications ◽

Text Steganography ◽

Holy Quran ◽

The Holy Quran ◽

To Come

Cryptography and steganography are combined to provide practical data security. This paper proposes integrating light-weight cryptography with improved Arabic text steganography for optimizing security applications. It uses light-weight cryptography to cope with current limited device capabilities, to provide acceptable required security. The work tests hiding encrypted secret information within Arabic stego-cover texts, using all common diacritics found naturally in the Arabic language. The study considers different challenging situations and scenarios in order to evaluate security practicality. It further carries out simulations on some short texts from the Holy Quran, taking them as standard authentic texts, that are fixed and trusted, therefore providing realistic study feedback that is worth monitoring. Our improved approach features preferred capacity and security, surpassing the best previous diacritics stego approach, showing interesting potential results for attractive enlightening exploration to come.

Download Full-text

PHISHING: AN EVOLVING THREAT

International Journal of Students Research in Technology & Management ◽

10.18510/ijsrtm.2015.312 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 216-222

Author(s):

Keyur Shah

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Large Scale ◽

Large Population ◽

Social Engineering ◽

Text Messages ◽

Sensitive Information ◽

Phishing Attacks ◽

Internet Users ◽

Confidential Data ◽

E Mail

Phishing is one of the most common attacks used to extract sensitive information for malicious use. It is one of the easiest ways to extract confidential data on a large-scale. A fraudulent website/e-mail which looks very similar to the original is setup to trap the victim to give away confidential information. A large population of internet users still lacks knowledge to avoid phishing. When the phishing attacks are complimented with social engineering skills, the success rate is increased. Along with the progress of technology, phishing techniques have evolved encroaching upon newer communication mediums like voice and text messages giving rise to newer specialized forms of Phishing called - Vishing and SMSishing. In this paper, we also cover how to avoid being a victim of these attacks. One of the best promising methods to avoid Phishing is Zero Knowledge Authentication -ZeKo which immunes the user from phishing attacks.

Download Full-text

Taʾwīl and the Meaning of the Text in the Arabic Language: An Introduction to Understanding the Qur'an

Journal of Qur anic Studies ◽

10.3366/jqs.2010.0119 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 337-314

Author(s):

ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad al-Shāmī

Keyword(s):

Figurative Language ◽

Arabic Language ◽

Literary Text ◽

Arabic Text ◽

Comprehensive Understanding ◽

Original Meaning ◽

High Literature

The question of clarifying the meaning of a given Arabic text is a subtle one, especially as high literature texts can often be read in more than one way. Arabic is rich in figurative language and this can lead to variety in meaning, sometimes in ways that either adhere closely or diverge far from the ‘original’ meaning. In order to understand a fine literary text in Arabic, one must have a comprehensive understanding of the issue of taʾwīl, and the concept that multiplicity of meaning does not necessarily lead to contradiction. This article surveys the opinions of various literary critics and scholars of balāgha on this issue with a brief discussion of the concepts of tafsīr and sharḥ, which sometimes overlap with taʾwīl.

Download Full-text

Solving the Message Classification Problem in Voice Interaction Systems

Vestnik MEI ◽

10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-132-139 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 132-139

Author(s):

Ivan E. Kurilenko ◽

◽

Igor E. Nikonov ◽

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Classification Problem ◽

Subject Area ◽

Text Messages ◽

Case Based Reasoning ◽

Short Text ◽

Proposed Modification ◽

Voice Interaction ◽

Text Content ◽

Case Based

A method for solving the problem of classifying short-text messages in the form of sentences of customers uttered in talking via the telephone line of organizations is considered. To solve this problem, a classifier was developed, which is based on using a combination of two methods: a description of the subject area in the form of a hierarchy of entities and plausible reasoning based on the case-based reasoning approach, which is actively used in artificial intelligence systems. In solving various problems of artificial intelligence-based analysis of data, these methods have shown a high degree of efficiency, scalability, and independence from data structure. As part of using the case-based reasoning approach in the classifier, it is proposed to modify the TF-IDF (Term Frequency - Inverse Document Frequency) measure of assessing the text content taking into account known information about the distribution of documents by topics. The proposed modification makes it possible to improve the classification quality in comparison with classical measures, since it takes into account the information about the distribution of words not only in a separate document or topic, but in the entire database of cases. Experimental results are presented that confirm the effectiveness of the proposed metric and the developed classifier as applied to classification of customer sentences and providing them with the necessary information depending on the classification result. The developed text classification service prototype is used as part of the voice interaction module with the user in the objective of robotizing the telephone call routing system and making a shift from interaction between the user and system by means of buttons to their interaction through voice.

Download Full-text