scholarly journals Evaluating Levels of Automation in Human–Robot Collaboration at Different Workload Levels

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7340
Author(s):  
Dana Gutman ◽  
Samuel Olatunji ◽  
Yael Edan
Keyword(s):  
User Study ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Human Robot Collaboration ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
And Task

This study explored how levels of automation (LOA) influence human robot collaboration when operating at different levels of workload. Two LOA modes were designed, implemented, and evaluated in an experimental collaborative assembly task setup for four levels of workload composed of a secondary task and task complexity. A user study conducted involving 80 participants was assessed through two constructs especially designed for the evaluation (quality of task execution and usability) and user preferences regarding the LOA modes. Results revealed that the quality of task execution and usability was better at high LOA for low workload. Most of participants also preferred high LOA when the workload increases. However, when complexity existed within the workload, most of the participants preferred the low LOA. The results reveal the benefits of high and low LOA in different workload situations. This study provides insights related to shared control designs and reveals the importance of considering different levels of workload as influenced by secondary tasks and task complexity when designing LOA in human–robot collaborations.

Foot preference across the lifespan: Effects of target location and task complexity

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-244
Author(s):  
Sana Ghamgui ◽  
Riadh Dahmen ◽  
Nizar Souissi
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Environmental Constraints ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
And Task

This study was designed to determine the factor(s) that influence the choice of the foot throughout the lifespan. To achieve this purpose, 86 right-footed participants (young children (5– 8), adolescents (10–14), young adults (18–25) and older adults (over 50) were tested on two tasks of different levels of difficulty, performed in three spatial locations (left, right, and midline) according to two levels of body posture: sitting and standing. Results revealed that the participants favored their preferred foot when the object was located in the ipsilateral hemispace and at the midline. They selected their non-preferred foot when the object was located in the contralateral hemispace. The participants used their preferred foot to a greater extent during the most complex task than during the easiest one and more often while standing rather than sitting. Finally, we have found a significant age effect. Young children often used the preferred foot more frequently than the other age groups. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that foot selection depends on task demand, environmental constraints, and a biological factor associated with motor dominance.

scholarly journals Effect of Trust between the Time Pressure and Complexity in Judging and Decision-Making in Auditing

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleston Alexandre dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Behavioral Decision Theory ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
And Task

ABSTRACT Objective: the study aimed to assess the moderating effect of confidence in the joint influence of time pressure and complexity in judgment and decision-making (JDM) in auditing. The behavioral decision theory (BDT) was used from the perspective of the anchoring heuristic. Methods: as a method, the 2x2x2 experiment was used with a final sample of 126 independent auditors. For analysis, the t-test and multiple linear regressions were used. Results: the findings allow us to infer that factors such as trust, time pressure, and complexity, individually and jointly, influence JDM. The study showed that trust moderates the joint influence of time pressure and complexity on JDM. Time pressure and task complexity negatively influence JDM, but when including trust as a moderating factor, the effect of time pressure and complexity is mitigated, reducing the auditor’s difficulties and uncertainties in JDM. Conclusion: the study contributes to BDT, moving academic research toward understanding the interrelationships between personal, environmental, and task factors. It also contributes by presenting evidence that there is a need for considering and observing the effects generated by the factors altogether, in order to contribute to improving the quality of the audit.

scholarly journals Efeito da Confiança entre a Pressão de Tempo e Complexidade no Julgamento e Tomada de Decisão em Auditoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleston Alexandre dos Santos ◽  
Paulo Roberto da Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Time Pressure ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Behavioral Decision Theory ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
And Task

ABSTRACT Objective: the study aimed to assess the moderating effect of confidence in the joint influence of time pressure and complexity in judgment and decision-making (JDM) in auditing. The behavioral decision theory (BDT) was used from the perspective of the anchoring heuristic. Methods: as a method, the 2x2x2 experiment was used with a final sample of 126 independent auditors. For analysis, the t-test and multiple linear regressions were used. Results: the findings allow us to infer that factors such as trust, time pressure, and complexity, individually and jointly, influence JDM. The study showed that trust moderates the joint influence of time pressure and complexity on JDM. Time pressure and task complexity negatively influence JDM, but when including trust as a moderating factor, the effect of time pressure and complexity is mitigated, reducing the auditor’s difficulties and uncertainties in JDM. Conclusion: the study contributes to BDT, moving academic research toward understanding the interrelationships between personal, environmental, and task factors. It also contributes by presenting evidence that there is a need for considering and observing the effects generated by the factors altogether, in order to contribute to improving the quality of the audit.

scholarly journals Quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) as influenced by boron and zinc under different levels of NPK fertilizers

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Salam ◽  
MA Siddique ◽  
MA Rahim ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
MG Saha
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Lycopene Content ◽  
Npk Fertilizer ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The study was conducted at the vegetable research farm of the Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Joydebpur, Gazipur during the period 2006-2007 to investigate the effects of boron and zinc in presence of different levels of NPK fertilizers on quality of tomato. There were twelve treatment combinations which comprised four levels of boron and zinc viz., i) B0Zn0= 0 kg B + 0 kg Zn/ha, ii) B1.5Zn2.0= 1.5 kg B + 2.0 kg Zn/ha, iii) B2.0Zn4.0 = 2.0 kg B + 4.0 kg Zn/ha, iv) B2.5Zn6.0, 2.5 kg B + 6.0 kg Zn/ha and three levels of NPK fertilizers viz., i) 50% less than the recommended NPK fertilizer dose (50% <RD), ii) Recommended NPK fertilizer dose (RD), iii) 50% more than the recommended NPK fertilizer dose (50% >RD). The highest pulp weight (88.14%), dry matter content (5.34%), TSS (4.50%), acidity (0.47%), ascorbic acid (10.95 mg/100g), lycopene content (112.00 μg/100g), chlorophyll-a (41.00μg/100g), chlorophyll-b (56.00 μg/100g), marketable fruits at 30 days after storage (67.48%) and shelf life (16 days) were recorded with the combination of 2.5 kg B+ 6 kg Zn/ha and recommended dose of NPK fertilizers (N= 253, P= 90, and K= 125 kg/ha). Keywords: Quality of tomato; boron and zinc; NPK fertilizer. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v35i3.6454Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 35(3) : 475-488

Timebased Analysis of Significant Coordinated Operations (TASCO): A Cockpit Workload Analysis Technique

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 774-778
Author(s):  
Michael G. Ellison ◽  
Brent B. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Weapon System ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
System Complexity ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Task Execution Time ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
And Task

TASCO has been developed to provide a diagnostic tool to aid in avionics operation task structuring. The objective of the TASCO logic is to determine the optimum organization of cockpit activities considering task complexity and task execution time compared to estimated time available to perform the task set. The TASCO cockpit workload analysis technique measures and evaluates the relationships between pilot proficiency, experience, and weapon system complexity in order to reduce risk in task performance.

scholarly journals Silage quality of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars ensiled with different levels of millet meal

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A.P Costa ◽  
R.L Assis ◽  
K.C Guimarães ◽  
E.C Severiano ◽  
J.M Assis Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Different Levels

The silage quality of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars ensiled with different levels of millet meal was evaluated. The experimental design was a completely randomized with three replications in a factorial 3 x 4, with three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha: marandu, xaraés, and piatã and four levels of millet meal 0, 5, 10, and 15%. The addition of millet meal improved the quality of B. brizantha silage. The inclusion of the additive at 15% provided the best nutritional values. The piatã silage had the lowest contents of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin and the highest content of total digestible nutrients, being a better quality silage as compared to those of xaraés and marandu grasses.

scholarly journals Augmented Reality Windshield Displays and Their Potential to Enhance User Experience in Automated Driving

i-com ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Riegler ◽  
Philipp Wintersberger ◽  
Andreas Riener ◽  
Clemens Holzmann
Keyword(s):  
User Experience ◽  
User Study ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Automated Vehicles ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
Levels Of Automation ◽  
Driving Task ◽  
Vehicle Automation ◽  
Fully Automated Driving

Abstract Increasing vehicle automation presents challenges as drivers of highly automated vehicles become more disengaged from the primary driving task. However, even with fully automated driving, there will still be activities that require interfaces for vehicle-passenger interactions. Windshield displays are a technology with a promising potential for automated driving, as they are able to provide large content areas supporting drivers in non-driving related activities. However, it is still unknown how potential drivers or passengers would use these displays. This work addresses user preferences for windshield displays in automated driving. Participants of a user study (N=63) were presented two levels of automation (conditional and full), and could freely choose preferred positions, content types, as well as size, transparency levels and importance levels of content windows using a simulated “ideal” windshield display. We visualized the results in form of heatmap data which show that user preferences differ with respect to the level of automation, age, gender, or environment aspects. These insights can help designers of interiors and in-vehicle applications to provide a rich user experience in highly automated vehicles.

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