Effect of Urea Addition on Anatase Phase Enrichment and Nitrogen Doping of TiO2 for Photocatalytic Abatement of Methylene Blue

TiO2-based materials are commonly employed as photocatalysts for industrial wastewater treatment. The primary reasons of employing TiO2 include cost effectiveness, ready availability, eco-friendliness, non-toxic behavior, and exceptional resistance towards photo-corrosion. However, the wider band gap of pure TiO2 restricts its performance because of its optical absorption of solar light to the ultraviolet (UV) region only, and to some extent of photo-excited charge recombination. In the present work an attempt is made to develop a facile synthesis approach by using urea, a cheap chemical precursor, to form nitrogen doped TiO2 with the key objective of extended light absorption and thus enhanced photocatalytic performance. It was also observed that the urea-induced anatase phase enrichment of TiO2 is another key factor in promoting the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalysts prepared by varying the amount of urea as a nitrogen dopant precursor, are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and photoluminescence (PL) to evaluate their crystallinity, morphology, functional groups, and charge separation properties, respectively. Moreover, the surface area was also estimated by physicochemical adsorption. The maximum nitrogen-doped sample yielded >99% photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) dye-simulated wastewater as compared to a pure TiO2 sample which exhibited 6.46% efficiency. The results show that the simultaneous factors of nitrogen doping and anatase phase enhancement contributes significantly towards the improvement of photocatalytic performance.

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Photo Catalytic Activity of Anatase TiO2/PVA Film Coated Glass Plate

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.396 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 584 ◽

pp. 396-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aravind Naga Revuru ◽

Nagarajan Padmavathy ◽

Angappan Sheela ◽

Swamiappan Sasikumar

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Glass Plate ◽

Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Methylene Blue Dye ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Tio2 Sample ◽

Tlc Plates

The major cause of surface and ground water contamination is due to effluent from dyeing industries. The discharged effluent chemicals inhibit light penetration into water bodies and some are considered to be carcinogenic. In this study, the photocatalytic decomposition of the synthetic dye, methylene blue was investigated in the presence of activated TiO2. The TiO2 sample was characterized by using XRD to analyze the presence of anatase and rutile phases. The dye degradation was monitored as a change in absorbance by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The contributing factors towards dye degradation include both the dye concentration as well as the quantity of TiO2 used. Different quantities of TiO2 in anatase phase was taken and activated under UV radiation for 15 min. and subsequently coated on to TLC plates using 5% polyvinyl alcohol as a binding agent. This photocatalytic plate was kept in the methylene blue dye solution and exposed to sunlight. The results shows that 57% of the 30ppm methylene blue dye gets degraded within 75min., when exposed to UV activated TiO2 in presence of natural sunlight.

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Hydrothermal Synthesis of rGO-TiO2 Composites as High-Performance UV Photocatalysts for Ethylparaben Degradation

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal10050520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 520 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Miller Ruidíaz-Martínez ◽

Miguel A. Álvarez ◽

María Victoria López-Ramón ◽

Guillermo Cruz-Quesada ◽

José Rivera-Utrilla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Photocatalytic Performance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Titanium Isopropoxide ◽

Rutile Phase ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

New Materials ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Structural Surface

A series of reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 composites (rGO-TiO2) were prepared by hydrothermal treatment using graphite and titanium isopropoxide as raw materials. The structural, surface, electronic, and optical properties of the prepared composites were extensively characterized by N2 adsorption, FTIR, XRD, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, and DRS. GO was found to be effectively reduced and TiO2 to be in pure anatase phase in all composites obtained. Finally, experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of these new materials as photocatalysts in the degradation of ethylparaben (EtP) by UV radiation. According to the band-gap energies obtained (ranging between 3.09 eV for 4% rGO-TiO2 to 2.55 eV for 30% rGO-TiO2), the rGO-TiO2 composites behave as semiconductor materials. The photocatalytic activity is highest with a rGO content of 7 wt% (7% rGO-TiO2), being higher than observed for pure TiO2 (Eg = 3.20 eV) and achieving 98.6% EtP degradation after only 40 min of treatment. However, the degradation yield decreases with higher percentages of rGO. Comparison with rGO-P25 composites showed that a better photocatalytic performance in EtP degradation is obtained with synthesized TiO2 (rGO-TiO2), probably due to the presence of the rutile phase (14.1 wt %) in commercial P25.

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The nanocomposite of polyaniline and nitrogen-doped layered HTiNbO5with excellent visible-light photocatalytic performance

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c4cp01423e ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 (26) ◽

pp. 13409-13417 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Chao Liu ◽

Liang Wu ◽

Jing Chen ◽

Ji-yuan Liang ◽

Chang-shun Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Visible Light ◽

Charge Separation ◽

Photocatalytic Performance ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Doped ◽

Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity ◽

N Doping ◽

Visible Light Photocatalytic

N-doping and intercalation resulted in a PANI–N-HTiNbO5lamellar nanocomposite, which showed a dramatic enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity and stability for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), due to the high efficiency of charge separation.

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Preparation of Multicycle GO/TiO2 Composite Photocatalyst and Study on Degradation of Methylene Blue Synthetic Wastewater

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9163282 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (16) ◽

pp. 3282 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zhongtian Fu ◽

Song Zhang ◽

Zhongxue Fu

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Composite Photocatalyst ◽

Initial Ph

A series of composite photocatalysts were prepared by using graphene oxide (GO) prepared by modified Hummers method and TiO2 hydrogel prepared by using butyl titanate as raw materials. The composite photocatalyst was characterized through scanning electron microscope（SEM）, x ray diffraction （XRD）, and Raman spectroscopy, and the degradation effect of pure TiO2 and composite photocatalyst on methylene blue (MB) dye wastewater under different experimental conditions was studied. The results showed that TiO2 in composite photocatalyst was mainly anatase phase and its photocatalytic activity was better than pure TiO2. When the addition of GO reached 15 wt%, the photocatalytic activity was the highest. When 200 mg composite photocatalyst was added to 200 mL synthetic wastewater with a concentration of 10 mg/L and an initial pH of about 8, the degradation rate could reach 95.8% after 2.5 h. It is presumed that the photogenerated charges of GO/TiO2 composite photocatalyst may directly destroy the luminescent groups in the MB molecule and thus decolorize the wastewater, and no other new luminescent groups are generated during the treatment.

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Co/TiO2 nanoparticles: preparation, characterization and its application for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue

10.31224/osf.io/m6d2j ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

azadeh ebrahimian pirbazari ◽

Pejman Monazzam ◽

Behnam Fakhari Kisomi

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Cobalt Doping ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Ft Ir

In this work, TiO2 nanoparticles containing diﬀerent amounts of cobalt were synthesized by sol-gel method using titanium (IV) isopropoxide and cobalt chloride as titanium and cobalt precursors, respectively. X-ray diﬀraction (XRD) results showed prepared samples include 100% anatase phase. The presence of cobalt in TiO2 nanoparticle network was established by XRD, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and N2 physisorption techniques. The increase of cobalt doping enhanced redshif in the diﬀuse reﬂectance spectra. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared samples was tested for degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model of dye. Although the photocatalytic activity of pure TiO2 was found to be higher than that of Co/TiO2 samples under UV irradiation, the presence of 0.24% cobalt dopant in TiO2 nanoparticles resulted in a photocatalyst with the highest activity under visible light

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MoS2/Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and effect on photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue in water under visible light

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2018.101 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2017 (1) ◽

pp. 184-193 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Desireé M. de los Santos ◽

Sara Chahid ◽

Rodrigo Alcántara ◽

Javier Navas ◽

Teresa Aguilar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Photocatalytic Activity ◽

Visible Light ◽

Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽

Visible Region ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Photocatalytic Decomposition ◽

Tio2 Sample ◽

X Ray ◽

Vis Spectroscopy

Abstract Photodegradation processes are of great interest in a range of applications, one of which is the photodecomposition of pollutants. For this reason, analysing nanoparticles that improve the efficiency of these processes under solar radiation are very necessary. Thus, in this study, TiO2 was doped with Mo and Cu using low-temperature hydrolysis as the method of synthesis. Pure TiO2 and x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared, where x is the theoretical quantity of MoS2 added (0.0%, 1.0%, 5.5%, 10.0%), setting the nominal quantity of Cu at 0.5 wt.%. The samples obtained were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray electron spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode. The results suggest that the TiO2 structure was doped with the Mo6+ and Cu2+ ions in the position of the Ti4+. The x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2 samples presented lower band gap energy values and greater optical absorption in the visible region than the pure TiO2 sample. Lastly, the photocatalytic activity of the samples was assessed by means of the photodegradation of methylene blue under visible light. The results show that when the quantity of Mo in the co-doped samples increased (x%MoS2/Cu/TiO2) there were significant increases of up to 93% in the photocatalytic activity.

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A Facile Synthesis of Anatase Ni2+ Doped TiO2 Nanorods with Highly Improved Visible-Light Photocatalytic Performance

Current Analytical Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1573411016666200108143913 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. Nagaraj ◽

R.A. Senthil ◽

Rajender Boddula ◽

K. Ravichandaran

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Tio2 Nanorods ◽

Tem Analysis ◽

Tio2 Sample ◽

Doped Tio2 ◽

Air Atmosphere ◽

Good Potential

: Herein, we reported a simple and effective approach to synthesis of pure and Ni2+ doped TiO2 nanorods by a photon-induced method (PIM) followed by calcination at 850 ºC in air atmosphere. Basically, the PIM was used to tuning the properties of as-prepared TiO2 photocatalyst. These obtained samples were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) analysis. XRD results reveals that the both pure TiO2 and Ni doped TiO2 nanorods has anatase phase up to 850 ºC. The HR-TEM analysis indicates that doping Ni is favourable to the formation of rod-like TiO2 sample. Also, the observed photocatalytic results demonstrates that the Ni doped TiO2 can be achieved a complete degradation of methylene blue (MB) within 30 min under direct sunlight irradiation as compared to pure TiO2. Therefore, this work revealing the doped Ni has a good potential to modification of TiO2 with an excellent photocatalytic activity for water treatment applications.

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Easy Synthesis Method of MoS2/TiO2 Nanostructure with Great Performance of Catalytic Activity Under Visible Light

International Journal of Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine ◽

10.33140/ijnn.04.01.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Visible Light ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

Synthesis Method ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Hydrolysis Method ◽

Great Performance ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Ft Ir

In this study, TiO2 nanoparticles modified with MoS2 were synthesized using the low temperature hydrolysis method. Samples of pure TiO2 and samples of MoS2 /TiO2 were prepared using different amounts of MoS2 (1.0% and 10.0% by weight). The samples were annealed at 500°C and 700°C and characterised by ICP-AES, XRD, Raman, FT-IR, TG, XPS and DR-UV-Vis spectroscopy. The results suggest that the MoS2 added during synthesis is a satisfactory source of Mo to produce doping of the TiO2 structure. In addition, the transformation of anatase phase to rutile is delayed when the concentration of Mo incorporated into the structure increases. Finally, the effectiveness of the synthesized MoS2 /TiO2 samplesused as photocatalyst for the photodegradation of methylene blue dye under visible light irradiation was investigated. TiO2 doped with MoS2 was shown to improve the degradation of methylene blue under visible light. There was found to be an optimal temperature and level of doping to achieve improved photocatalytic activity, in our case 10.0% MoS2 /TiO2 at 700°C.

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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOACTIVITY EVALUATION OF NITROGEN DOPED TITANIUM DIOXIDE ON METHYLENE BLUE DYE DEGRADATION

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0403-356 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 148-153

Author(s):

Moses Titus Yilleng ◽

Moses Sunday ◽

Doctor Stephen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Methylene Blue ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽

Dye Degradation ◽

Uv Light ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Pure Tio2 ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Photodegradation Efficiency

Titanium dioxide has proven to be one of the most promising heterogeneous catalyst. This work explores the photocatalytic activity of modified titanium dioxide. Nitrogen was incorporated into mesoporous TiO2 using Sol-gel method. The N-TiO2 was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and U-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). 1%wtN-TiO2 expresses the highest photoactivity in UV light compared to 3%wtN-TiO2 and 5%wt N-TiO2 respectively. The photodegradation efficiency of the catalyst follows the following trend 1%wtN-TiO2 >3%wtN-TiO2 >5%wtN-TiO2>PURE-TiO2. The results obtained from the kinetics investigation shows the following trends 1%wtN-TiO2 is 0.049 s-1, 3%wtN-TiO2 is 0.0289 s-1, 5%wtN-TiO2 is 0.0143 s-1, and the PURE-TiO2 is 0.0118 s-1. The consistency in the rate constant values of the phodegradation of methylene blue; it clearly showed that the reaction follows a pseudo-first order kinetics.

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Decolorization of Methylene Blue withTiO2Sol via UV Irradiation Photocatalytic Degradation

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2010/643182 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Jun Yao ◽

Chaoxia Wang

Keyword(s):

Methylene Blue ◽

Uv Irradiation ◽

Anatase Phase ◽

High Photocatalytic Activity ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Initial Concentration ◽

X Ray ◽

Photodegradation Efficiency ◽

Degradation Ratio ◽

Catalyst Load

TiO2sol was prepared for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The absorption spectra of MB indicated that the maximum wavelength, 663 nm, almost kept the same. The performance of 92.3% for color removal was reached after 160 min. The particle size ofTiO2sol was about 22.5 nm. X-ray diffraction showed thatTiO2consisted of a single anatase phase. The small size and anatase phase probably resulted in high photocatalytic activity ofTiO2sol. The degradation ratio decreased as the initial concentration of MB increased. The photodegradation efficiency decreased in the order ofpH 2>pH 9>pH 7. Regarding catalyst load, the degradation increased with the mass of catalyst up to an amount of 1.5 g⋅L−1then decreased as the mass continued to increase. The addition ofH2O2toTiO2sol resulted in an increase on the degradation ratio.

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