3D-Printed Scaffolds from Alginate/Methyl Cellulose/Trimethyl Chitosan/Silicate Glasses for Bone Tissue Engineering

Alginate-based hydrogel inks are commonly used in printing due to their biocompatibility, biodegradation, and cell adhesion. In the present work, 3D printing of hydrogels comprising alginate/methyl cellulose (MC)/trimethyl chitosan (TMC) and silicate glasses was investigated. It was found that TMC increased the stability of the scaffolds after immersion in normal saline solution in comparison with alginate/MC 3D constructs. The stability also remained after the incorporation of pure silicate glasses or bioactive glasses. Immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) resulted in the formation of hydroxyapatite in all samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed a good cell adhesion of pre-osteoblasts on all scaffold compositions, cell viability assessment displayed a proliferation increase up to seven days in culture, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was similar in all scaffold compositions without significant differences. Total collagen secretion by the pre-osteoblasts after 7 days in culture was significantly higher in scaffolds containing silicate glasses, demonstrating their ability to promote extracellular matrix formation. In conclusion, 3D-printed porous scaffolds based on alginate/methyl cellulose/TMC are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.

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Fabrication and In Vitro Evaluation of 3D Printed Porous Polyetherimide Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/2076138 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiongfeng Tang ◽

Yanguo Qin ◽

Xinyu Xu ◽

Deming Guo ◽

Wenli Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Proliferation ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

3D Printing ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Porous Scaffold ◽

3D Printed

For bone tissue engineering, the porous scaffold should provide a biocompatible environment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation and match the mechanical properties of native bone tissue. In this work, we fabricated porous polyetherimide (PEI) scaffolds using a three-dimensional (3D) printing system, and the pore size was set as 800 μm. The morphology of 3D PEI scaffolds was characterized by the scanning electron microscope. To investigate the mechanical properties of the 3D PEI scaffold, the compressive mechanical test was performed via an electronic universal testing system. For the in vitro cell experiment, bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were cultured on the surface of the 3D PEI scaffold and PEI slice, and cytotoxicity, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation were detected to verify their biocompatibility. Besides, the alkaline phosphatase staining and Alizarin Red staining were performed on the BMSCs of different samples to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. Through these studies, we found that the 3D PEI scaffold showed an interconnected porous structure, which was consistent with the design. The elastic modulus of the 3D PEI scaffold (941.33 ± 65.26 MPa) falls in the range of modulus for the native cancellous bone. Moreover, the cell proliferation and morphology on the 3D PEI scaffold were better than those on the PEI slice, which revealed that the porous scaffold has good biocompatibility and that no toxic substances were produced during the progress of high-temperature 3D printing. The osteogenic differentiation level of the 3D PEI scaffold and PEI slice was equal and ordinary. All of these results suggest the 3D printed PEI scaffold would be a potential strategy for bone tissue engineering.

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Study on the cytocompatibility, mechanical and antimicrobial properties of 3D printed composite scaffolds based on PVA/ Gold nanoparticles (AuNP)/ Ampicillin (AMP) for bone tissue engineering

Materials Today Communications ◽

10.1016/j.mtcomm.2021.102458 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102458

Author(s):

Aysenur Topsakal ◽

Swati Midha ◽

Esra Yuca ◽

Arı Tukay ◽

Hilal Turkoglu Sasmazel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

3D Printed

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Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

Biomedical glasses ◽

10.1515/bglass-2020-0006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 57-69

Author(s):

Amirhosein Fathi ◽

Farzad Kermani ◽

Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽

Sara Banijamali ◽

Masoud Mozafari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

3D Printing ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Composite Scaffolds ◽

3D Printed ◽

Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

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Design of 3D printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: A review

Bioprinting ◽

10.1016/j.bprint.2021.e00167 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. e00167

Author(s):

Susheem Kanwar ◽

Sanjairaj Vijayavenkataraman

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

3D Printed

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3D-printed poly(Ɛ-caprolactone) scaffold with gradient mechanical properties according to force distribution in the mandible for mandibular bone tissue engineering

Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103638 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 104 ◽

pp. 103638 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Yasaman Zamani ◽

Ghassem Amoabediny ◽

Javad Mohammadi ◽

Hadi Seddiqi ◽

Marco N. Helder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Force Distribution ◽

Mandibular Bone ◽

3D Printed

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Systematic characterization of 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffolds for biomedical devices and bone tissue engineering: Influence of composition and porosity

Journal of Materials Research ◽

10.1557/jmr.2018.112 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (14) ◽

pp. 1948-1959 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Arnaud Bruyas ◽

Frank Lou ◽

Alexander M. Stahl ◽

Michael Gardner ◽

William Maloney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Biomedical Devices ◽

3D Printed ◽

Image Position

Abstract

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3D printed porous polycaprolactone/oyster shell powder (PCL/OSP) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Materials Research Express ◽

10.1088/2053-1591/aab916 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 045403 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wenfeng Luo ◽

Shuangying Zhang ◽

Yuewei Lan ◽

Chen Huang ◽

Chao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Oyster Shell ◽

3D Printed ◽

Oyster Shell Powder ◽

Shell Powder

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Enhancing X-ray Attenuation of 3D Printed Gelatin Methacrylate (GelMA) Hydrogels Utilizing Gold Nanoparticles for Bone Tissue Engineering Applications

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11020367 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 367 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Nehar Celikkin ◽

Simone Mastrogiacomo ◽

X. Walboomers ◽

Wojciech Swieszkowski

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Bone Tissue Engineering ◽

Bone Tissue ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

New Bone Formation ◽

X Ray ◽

3D Printed ◽

Low Toxicity

Bone tissue engineering is a rapidly growing field which is currently progressing toward clinical applications. Effective imaging methods for longitudinal studies are critical to evaluating the new bone formation and the fate of the scaffolds. Computed tomography (CT) is a prevailing technique employed to investigate hard tissue scaffolds; however, the CT signal becomes weak in mainly-water containing materials, which hinders the use of CT for hydrogels-based materials. Nevertheless, hydrogels such as gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) are widely used for tissue regeneration due to their optimal biological properties and their ability to induce extracellular matrix formation. To date, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been suggested as promising contrast agents, due to their high X-ray attenuation, biocompatibility, and low toxicity. In this study, the effects of different sizes and concentrations of AuNPs on the mechanical properties and the cytocompatibility of the bulk GelMA-AuNPs scaffolds were evaluated. Furthermore, the enhancement of CT contrast with the cytocompatible size and concentration of AuNPs were investigated. 3D printed GelMA and GelMA-AuNPs scaffolds were obtained and assessed for the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Lastly, 3D printed GelMA and GelMA-AuNPs scaffolds were scanned in a bone defect utilizing µCT as the proof of concept that the GelMA-AuNPs are good candidates for bone tissue engineering with enhanced visibility for µCT imaging.

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