scholarly journals Four-Dimensional Investigation of Gravel Beach Ridge Accretion and 50 Years of Beach Recharge at Dungeness, UK, Using Historic Images, GPR and Lidar (HIGL)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 10219
Author(s):  
Charlie S. Bristow ◽  
Lucy Buck ◽  
Maria Inggrid
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Aerial Images ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
The Past ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Longshore Drift ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Dungeness is a cuspate foreland on the south coast of England that is the largest shingle feature in Europe and includes hundreds of beach ridges. It is also the location of two nuclear power stations that were constructed in the 1960s. The dominant southwest waves cause longshore drift from west to east, eroding the southwest side of Dungeness, accompanied by accretion on the east side. A record of this eastward movement and sediment accretion is preserved by the shingle beach ridges. The power stations are located on the eroding southwestern side of the ness, and a system of beach recharge has been used to move shingle from the downdrift, east-facing shore to the updrift, southwest-facing shore to protect the power stations from coastal erosion. We use a novel combination of historic images, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), and Lidar (HIGL) to investigate accretion and beach ridges at Dungeness during the past 80 years. We report changes in accretion along the coast and use GPR to determine the thickness of beach gravels. The amount of accretion, represented by the width of the backshore, decreases downdrift from south to north. The number of beach ridges preserved also decreases from south to north. By combining the shingle thickness from GPR with elevation data from Lidar surveys and records of beach accretion measured from aerial images, we estimate the volume and mass of gravel that has accumulated at Dungeness. Historic rates of beach accretion are similar to recent rates, suggesting that the 55 years of beach recharge have had little impact on the longer-term accretion downdrift.

The Application of Ground Penetrating Radar Detector Technology in Breakwater of Nuclear Power Station

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 422-427
Author(s):  
Chao Wei ◽  
Guo Liang Zhou ◽  
Tie Ping Li
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Detector Technology

Based on the analysis of the causes and characters of common security risks in nuclear power stations breakwater, using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) to detect breakwater, and to explore the applicability and accuracy. The analysis showed that ground penetrating radar as a non-destructive detection method for the detection of the breakwater is feasible, and the detection accuracy meet the actual requirements of the project, the results can be used for the safety detection and maintenance of the breakwater.

scholarly journals Beach-ridge architecture constrained by beach topography and ground-penetrating radar, Itilleq (Laksebugt), south-west Disko, Greenland – implications for sea-level reconstructions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Priscila E. Souza ◽  
Aart Kroon ◽  
Lars Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Abrupt Change ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Sediment Grain Size ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
South West ◽  
Tide Level ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Reflection Characteristics

Detailed topographic data and high-resolution ground-penetrating radar (GPR) reflection data are presented from the present-day beach and across successive raised beach ridges at Itilleq, south-west Disko, West Greenland. In the western part of the study area, the present low-tide level is well defined by an abrupt change in sediment grain size between the sandy foreshore and the upper shoreface that is characterised by frequently occurring large clasts. The main parts of both fine and large clasts appear to be locally derived. Seaward-dipping reflections form downlap points, which are clearly identified in all beach-ridge GPR profiles. Most of them are located at the boundary between a unit with reflection characteristics representing palaeo-foreshore deposits and a deeper and more complex radar unit characterised by diffractions; the deeper unit is not penetrated to large depths by the GPR signals. Based on observations of the active shoreface regime, large clasts are interpreted to give rise to scattering observed near the top of the deeper radar unit. We regard the downlap points located at this radar boundary as markers of palaeo-low-tide levels. In some places, scattering hyperbolas are more pronounced and frequent than in others, suggesting differences in the occurrence of large boulders.

scholarly journals Ground Penetrating Radar Investigation of Late Pleistocene Shorelines of Pluvial Lake Clover, Elko County, Nevada, USA

Quaternary ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Munroe
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Beach Ridge ◽  
Beach Ridges ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Topographic Surveys

Beach ridges constructed by pluvial Lake Clover in Elko County, Nevada during the Late Pleistocene were investigated with ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The primary objective was to document the internal architecture of these shorelines and to evaluate whether they were constructed during lake rise or fall. GPR data were collected with a ground-coupled 400-Mhz antenna and SIR-3000 controller. To constrain the morphology of the ridges, detailed topographic surveys were collected with a Topcon GTS-235W total station referenced to a second class 0 vertical survey point. GPR transects crossed the beach ridge built by Lake Clover at its highstand of 1725 m, along with seven other ridges down to the lowest beach at 1712 m. An average dielectric permittivity of 5.0, typical for dry sand and gravel, was calculated from GPR surveys in the vicinity of hand-excavations that encountered prominent stratigraphic discontinuities at known depths. Assuming this value, consistent radar signals were returned to a depth of ~3 m. Beach ridges are resolvable as ~90 to 150-cm thick stratified packages of gravelly sand overlying a prominent lakeward-dipping reflector, interpreted as the pre-lake land surface. Many ridges contain a package of sediment resembling a buried berm at their core, typically offset in a landward direction from the geomorphic crest of the beach ridge. Sequences of lakeward-dipping reflectors are resolvable beneath the beach face of all ridges. No evidence was observed to indicate that beach ridges were submerged by higher water levels after their formation. Instead, the GPR data are consistent with a model of sequential ridge formation during a monotonic lake regression.

scholarly journals THE INVISIBLE MOATS OF THE MUN RIVER VALLEY, NE THAILAND: THE EXAMINATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT DEVICES AT MOUNDED SITES THROUGH GROUND PENETRATING RADAR (GPR)

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda Duke ◽  
Nigel J Chang ◽  
Ian Moffat ◽  
Wayne Morris
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Non Destructive

<p>The Mun River valley is well known for its moat-bound mounded archaeological sites that are usually associated with Iron Age occupation (~500BC- AD500).  The investigation of these sites has provided a wealth of information on the changing social and environmental conditions during prehistory.  In recent years, research has identified a greater diversity of site morphologies in the region, many of which, importantly, do not appear to have moats surrounding them.  This paper seeks to investigate whether the apparently ‘non-moated’ mound site of Non Klang (Nong Hua Raet village) was actually moated in the past, and if such, now in-filled features can be investigated through non-destructive Ground Penetrating Radar methodology.  Additionally, while large external moats can be observed in the modern day topography at sites such as Ban Non Wat, excavation has demonstrated that further, invisible, water management features exist beneath the surface within the current mound boundary of the site.  These are probably Iron Age precursors to the later more extensive and still visible moats.  This paper seeks to answer several fundamental questions: What application can GPR have at mounded sites in Southeast Asia?  Do invisible moats exist?  How will this affect our understanding of the broader prehistoric landscape in the Upper Mun River Valley?  </p>

scholarly journals Interdisciplinary Research into the Legacy of the Medieval Metropolis of Soba in a Modern Khartoum Suburb

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariusz Drzewiecki ◽  
Maciej Kurcz ◽  
Joanna Ciesielska ◽  
Tomasz Michalik ◽  
Ewa Czyżewska-Zalewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
The Past ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
Ground Penetrating

AbstractRecent research at Soba focuses on the tangible and intangible heritage of the medieval capital of Alwa kingdom, whose remains cover approximately 275 ha. About 222 ha of this area has been built up or transformed into agricultural land in the past 30 years. An ethnographic survey was also carried out in the built-up area to understand how the residents engage with the archaeological heritage and material remains. The undeveloped area of the capital (53 ha) was the focus of interdisciplinary archaeological fieldwork conducted in 2019 and 2020. A large-scale geophysical survey, using a fluxgate gradiometer and ground-penetrating radar, was initiated in the undeveloped area, and excavation trenches were opened to verify distinctive magnetic anomalies. Along with the ethnographic and geophysical data, the study of the pottery, burials, and stratigraphic sequence (supplemented with radiocarbon dates) provides new insights into the spatial organization of the medieval capital.

scholarly journals The Use of Ground-Penetrating Radar to Locate Tree Roots

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
G.M. Moore ◽  
C.M. Ryder
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Spatial Accuracy ◽  
Tree Roots ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Final Experiment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Small Roots ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Until recently the only way to investigate tree root architecture and distribution involved the physical removal of soil. However, in the past decade, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), which has been used in many other industries for about 30 years, has been used to study tree roots. GPR is relatively new to Australia and the aim of this research was to assess its spatial accuracy and ability to detect tree roots. Three experiments were conducted using a 900 MHz GPR device (Tree Radar®). The first experiment tested the ability of GPR to detect roots of sizes 10 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm in diameter at depths of 200 mm, 400 mm, and 800 mm, while the second experiment tested its capacity to resolve two roots placed close together. Roots of 20–30 mm in diameter were placed in pairs at 20 mm, 40 mm, and 80 mm apart at depths of 200 mm, 400 mm, and 800 mm. The final experiment used GPR to analyze the in situ root system of a small Pistacia chinensis (Chinese pistachio) after which the root system was excavated using an AirSpade® and counts of root numbers were undertaken and compared with the predicted results. GPR detected and discriminated tree roots accurately at 200 mm depth, but as the depth increased to 400 mm and then to 800 mm, the levels of error increased, probably due to the choice of antenna available for the experiments, leading to the presence of phantom roots in some results and the misdetection of true roots in others. Confounding of the signal with unexpected interference or inadequate signal processing was most likely the cause. In the final experiment, GPR missed many small roots in the trenches close to the tree and appeared to detect multiple roots as one. In the outer trenches, GPR predicted 52 roots in total but excavation revealed only one in these disturbed urban soils.

scholarly journals Geochronology and evolution of a complex barrier, Younghusband Peninsula, South Australia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Dillenburg ◽  
Patrick Hesp ◽  
Graziela Miot Da Silva ◽  
Robert Keane ◽  
André O. Sawakuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Storm Activity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Complex ◽  
Forced Regression ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ridge System

This study examines the southeastern end of the Younghusband Peninsula in South Australia at a location called The Granites in order to gain a better understanding of the processes of formation of the foredune ridge system, and to investigate the drivers that controlled its progradational development during the Holocene. Our findings are based on amorphological analysis, a ground penetrating radar survey, and 14C and OSL dating. The Younghusband Peninsula at The Granites was formed by an initial aggradational phase resulting in a single complex foredune ridge, and which ended around 4.3 ka, and by a regressive (progradational) barrier phase (750 m wide) that developed in the last 4.3 ka, under very low rates of progradation (0.38 to 0.09 m/yr). The last part of this phase shows significant foredune ridge building in the last 1000 years or so. Barrier progradation via foredune ridge development is likely an effect driven by lowwave energy that favored conditions for coastal stability and foredune formation. Paleontological and GPR data indicate a maximum sea-level of +1.23 to +1.5 m, respectively, during initial barrier development. The foredune ridge plain of the barrier experienced at least three phases of significant aeolian activitywith ages centered at around 3.9, 3.4 and 3.0 ka suggesting their occurrence at 500 to 400-year events. Computer modelling indicates that sediments for the progradational phase of the barrier were provided by the forced regression produced by a sea-level fall over the past 4.3 ka. The large foredune complex formed during the last phase of progradation could be the result of both the very low progradation rate of 0.09 m/yr, and periods of disturbance possibly related to enhanced storm activity.

Detecting Stripping in Asphalt Concrete Layers Using Ground Penetrating Radar

1997 ◽  
Vol 1568 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Rmeili ◽  
Tom Scullion
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Portland Cement Concrete ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Texas Department ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Asphalt Overlays

A study undertaken by the Texas Department of Transportation to nondestructively detect stripping in the asphalt surfacing on I-45 in the Bryan district is described. The highway was constructed in the 1960s and 1970s with an initial portland cement concrete thickness of 200 mm. Since then, several asphalt overlays have been applied. Maintenance of this highway is a recurring problem, and it is known that in several locations moderate to severe areas of subsurface stripping are present. To plan the future rehabilitation of this important highway, the Bryan district investigated the ability of ground penetrating radar (GPR) to provide subsurface condition information. A GPR survey was conducted at close to highway speeds, and the data were interpreted before taking validation cores. The GPR was used to provide information concerning the section breaks along the highway on the basis of asphalt layer thickness and condition, the average thickness of the asphalt layer within each section, and the extent and severity of any defect in the asphalt layer. More than 60 cores were taken to correlate the GPR interpretation. GPR results and ground truth cores are compared. In general, the comparisons were good. The GPR equipment and interpretation schemes used were found to provide information of sufficient quality and accuracy to permit the district to make programming decisions. GPR is now being used on several additional projects in the Bryan district. The best use appears to be for both defect detection and thickness estimation before deflection testing and coring. GPR will not eliminate coring or deflection testing, but by using all three in a coordinated approach pavement designers will have more confidence in their design decisions.

Hydrologic changes in Colorado during the mid-Holocene and Younger Dryas

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan N. Shuman ◽  
Paul Pribyl ◽  
Jacob Buettner
Keyword(s):  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Loss On Ignition ◽  
The Past ◽  
Northern Colorado ◽  
Littoral Sediments ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Lower Loss

The stratigraphy of Upper Big Creek Lake (UBC), an overflowing lake in northern Colorado, indicates that the lake responded to a series of hydroclimatic changes over the past ~ 13,000 years. Modern sediments in eight comparator lakes from across Wyoming and Colorado facilitate the stratigraphic interpretation by showing that littoral sediments have exponentially higher sand content, lower loss-on-ignition (LOI), and lower net accumulation rates than off-shore sediments. Sand layers in two near-shore cores from UBC share the characteristics of the modern littoral sediments (> 80% sand, < 5% LOI, and < 10 cm/ka accumulation rates), and indicate that UBC was > 1.9 m below its outlet from 12,500 to 11,300 and from 7500 to 2100 cal yr BP. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) profiles consistent with the low-water episodes show correlative sand layers and submerged wave-cut scarps around the lake margin. The stratigraphic features correlate with those formed in the comparator lakes during extensive droughts at > 11,300, 6900–6000, and 4800–3400 cal yr BP as well as a series of north-south anti-phased droughts between 5800 and 1200 cal yr BP. Lake closure at UBC amplified the local changes, and demonstrates that climate changes can increase the extent of intermittent streamflow in the Rocky Mountains relative to today.

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