scholarly journals Computational Modeling of Passive and Active Cooling Methods to Improve PV Panels Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11370
Author(s):  
Cristhian Pomares-Hernández ◽  
Edwin Alexander Zuluaga-García ◽  
Gene Elizabeth Escorcia Salas ◽  
Carlos Robles-Algarín ◽  
Jose Sierra Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Hybrid Methods ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Active Cooling ◽  
Passive Method ◽  
Cooling Methods

This paper presents the computational modeling of three cooling systems based on three different methods (passive, active, and hybrid), to improve the efficiency of PV panels when operating beyond the recommended temperature under standard test conditions. All simulations were implemented using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. In the passive method, through-holes were made in the solar panel, to allow the transfer of heat by convection due to the air flow. In the active method, water was used to cool the solar panel, spraying it on the front when the operating temperature reaches a threshold value. The analysis includes both fluid dynamics and heat transfer effects. In addition, a hybrid method that uses both passive and active cooling methods simultaneously was implemented. Finally, a mathematical model for the PV panel is presented, which allowed obtaining the changes in the output power from the reduction in the operating temperature. Results demonstrated improvements in the performance of the solar panel with the implementation of the three cooling systems, showing better performance in the active and hybrid methods compared to the passive method.

scholarly journals Active cooling photovoltaic with IoT facility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nizam Kamarudin ◽  
Sahazati Md. Rozali ◽  
Mohd Saifuzam Jamri
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Active Cooling ◽  
Passive Cooling System ◽  
Pv Power Generation ◽  
Sunlight Intensity

Harvesting energy from the sun makes the photovoltaic (PV) power generation a promising technology. To obtain a consistent state of charge (SOC), consistent energy must be harvested and efficiently directed to the battery. Overcharging or undercharging phenomena decreases the lifetime of the battery. Besides, the effect of irradiance toward solar in term of sunlight intensity effects the efficiency and hence, sluggish the SOC. The main problem of the solar panel revealed when the temperature has increased, the efficiency of solar panel will also be decreased. This manuscript reports the finding of developing an automatic active cooling system for a solar panel with a real time energy monitoring system with internet-of-things (IoT) facility. The IoT technology assists user to measure the efficiency of the solar panel and SOC of the battery in real time from any locations. The automatic active cooling system is designed to improve the efficiency of the solar panel. The effectiveness of the proposed system is proven via the analysis of the effect of active cooling toward efficiency and SOC of photovoltaic system. The results also tabulate the comparative studies of active-to-passive cooling system, as well as the effect of cooling towards SOC and efficiency of the solar panel.

Relative Cooling With Liquid for Gas Turbines: Part I — A Solution for Exceeding 2000 K at Turbine Inlet

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandu Constantin ◽  
Dan Brasoveanu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Liquid Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Turbine Inlet ◽  
Cooling Methods ◽  
Current Operating

Abstract The thermal efficiency of gas turbines is critically dependent on the temperature of burnt gases at turbine inlet, the higher this temperature the higher the efficiency. Stochiometric combustion would provide maximum efficiency, but in the absence of an internal cooling system, turbine blades cannot tolerate gas temperatures that exceed 1300 K. Therefore, for this temperature, the thermal efficiency of turbine engine is 40% less than theoretical maximum. Conventional air-cooling techniques of turbine blades allow inlet temperatures of about 1500 K on current operating engines yielding thermal efficiency gains of about 6%. New designs, that incorporate advanced air-cooling methods allows inlet temperatures of 1750–1800 K, with a thermal efficiency gain of about 6% relative to current operating engines. This temperature is near the limit allowed by air-cooling systems. Turbine blades can be cooled with air taken from the compressor or with liquid. Cooling systems with air are easier to design but have a relatively low heat transfer capacity and reduce the efficiency of the engine. Some cooling systems with liquid rely on thermal gradients to promote re-circulation from the tip to the root of turbine blades. In this case, the flow and cooling of liquid are restricted. For best results, cooling systems with liquid should use a pump to re-circulate the coolant. In the past, designers tried to place this pump on the engine stator and therefore were unable to avoid high coolant losses because it is impossible to reliably seal the stator-rotor interface. Therefore it was assumed that cooling systems with liquid could not incorporate pumps. This is an unwarranted assumption as shown studying the system in a moving frame of reference that is linked to the rotor. Here is the crucial fact overlooked by previous designers. The relative motion of engine stator with respect to the rotor is sufficient to motivate a cooling pump. Both the pump and heat exchange system that is required to provide rapid cooling of liquid with cold ambient air, could be located within the rotor. Therefore, the entire cooling system can be encapsulated within the rotor and the sealing problem is circumvented. Compared to recent designs that use advanced air-cooling methods, such a liquid cooling system would increase the thermal efficiency by 8%–11% because the temperatures at turbine inlet can reach stoichiometric levels and most of the heat extracted from turbine during cooling is recuperated. The appreciated high reliability of the system will permit a large applicability in aerospace propulsion.

Detecting giant electrocaloric properties of ferroelectric SbSI at room temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 1350008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud A. Hamad
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Electrocaloric Effect ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Field Shift

In this work, ferroelectric SbSI shows a giant electrocaloric effect at room temperature under very low electric field shift of 0.37 kV cm-1. It is shown that the cooling ΔT per unit field MVm-1 is 2.97. This value is significantly larger, and is comparable with the value of 0.254 for PbZr 0.95 Ti 0.05 O 3 thin film under electric field shift of 30 kV cm-1. Moreover, the reduction in operating temperature opens up many more possibilities and widens the potential for applications in cooling systems.

Energy saving active cooling systems for outdoor cabinet

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yuping ◽  
Ji Shengqin ◽  
Zhang Yunhui ◽  
Kong Xiaoming ◽  
Chen Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Active Cooling

Cooling Methods for Railway Tunnels

1995 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Barrow ◽  
C W Pope
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Railway Tunnel ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
First Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Cooling Methods

In this paper the cooling of a railway tunnel and its environment is investigated, with particular reference to a study of possible methods for reducing both local and overall average tunnel air temperatures. Both passive and supplementary cooling of a tunnel are considered and then various practical systems are proposed for those situations where passive cooling alone may be inadequate. In some cases, calculations for realistic conditions are made using the First Law of Thermodynamics to assess the efficacy of the system from the thermal point of view. It is concluded that with the advent of increasing energy dissipation, as a consequence of increase in tunnel usage, thermally efficient and cost-effective cooling systems must be developed if temperatures are to be maintained at acceptable levels.

scholarly journals A review of common natural ventilation and evaporative cooling systems for Greenhouses and the Nigerian reality

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
C.E. Ikechukwu-Edeh ◽  
M.C. Ndukwu ◽  
I.E. Ahaneku
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Evaporative Cooling ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Saturation Efficiency ◽  
Evaporative Cooling System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ventilation Method ◽  
Cooling Methods

Greenhouses simulate the "desired" environment for successful growth and development of plants. They, by design, achieve this desired environment by supplying the necessary climatic inputs needed by the plants to strive and at the same time exclude factors impeding the growth of plants, hence it is called a controlled environment. One of the common and most desired attribute of the greenhouse is its ability to provide effective cooling to the plants. This paper reviewed, extensively, the concept of evaporative cooling as applied in greenhouses. Factors like Vapor Pressure deficit (VPD), Relative Humidity, Ambient Temperature were also discussed with regards to its effects on the efficiency of the evaporative cooling system. The efficiencies of the Fan and Pad System and the Fog systems were reviewed and compared with their consequent dependence on factors like nozzle spacing, nozzle length, saturation efficiency of pad material etc. The Natural Ventilation method was also reviewed as a "stand alone " greenhouse cooling method and as an augmentation to other cooling systems. Factors like rate of air exchange, total area of vents, wind speed, vent opening angles etc. were also discussed in line with their effects on the effectiveness of the Natural ventilation method. The Nigerian Perspective on Greenhouses and its Cooling methods was also discussed with reference to local development of evaporative coolers as well as its importation, its affordability, management, availability and appliance to the Nigerian farming culture.

scholarly journals Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of a Mono PV Cell with Five Parameters, Simulation Model Compatible with Iraqi Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Bdoor Majed Ahmed ◽  
Nibal Fadel Farman Alhialy
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Solar Panel ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The present work included study of the effects of weather conditions such as solar radiation and  ambient temperature on solar panels (monocrystalline 30 Watts) via proposed mathematical model, MATLAB_Simulation was used by scripts file to create a special code to solve the mathematical model , The latter is single –diode model (Five parameter) ,Where the effect of ambient temperature and solar radiation on the output of the solar panel was studied, the Newton Raphson method was used to find the  output current of the solar panel and plot P-V ,I-V curves, the performance of the PV was determined at Standard Test Condition (STC) (1000W/m2)and a comparison between theoretical and experimental results were done .The best efficiency  ranging from 0.15 to 0.16. With a particularly, error about (-0.333) for experimental power (30 Watt) comparing with theoretical power (30.1), through these results it is concluded the validity of the proposed model. This model can be used for all types of photovoltaic panels and also with larger output power.

scholarly journals Improving the Efficiency of Solar Panel by Active Cooling Method using Nano Fluids (Al2O3&ZnO)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Harigaran K ◽  
Manikandan V ◽  
Praveen kumar R ◽  
Vasanth R ◽  
Thiagarajan A
Keyword(s):  
Solar Panel ◽  
Active Cooling ◽  
Cooling Method ◽  
Nano Fluids

scholarly journals Performance Analysis of Photovoltaic Module with Different Passive Cooling Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 945 (1) ◽  
pp. 012016
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arif bin Azahari ◽  
Chua Yaw Long ◽  
Koh Yit Yan
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Temperature ◽  
Passive Cooling ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Passive Cooling Systems ◽  
Cotton Wick

Abstract This paper analyses the difference in terms of performance of passive cooling systems for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The objective of this paper is to identify which passive cooling systems offers the best results in reducing the operating temperature and improving the generation of output power. The performance of photovoltaic (PV) module will gradually decrease as the operating temperature increases. The energy from the sun’s photons are not enough to knock out the electrons from the atom to generate more electricity. That being the case, two passive cooling systems is developed which is the cotton wick structures with water and aluminium fins were attached to the back side of the photovoltaic (PV) module. The cotton wick structures with water utilises the capillary action of the water to extract excess heat from the module while the aluminium fins act as a heat sink that can remove heat from module to the adjacent air. Results showed that the cooling systems managed to enhance the output power by an average of 3.94% for the module with cotton wick structures with water while an average of 2.67% increment for the module under aluminium fin mounted as the cooling system.

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