scholarly journals Lower Extremity Kinetics and Kinematics in Runners with Patellofemoral Pain: A Retrospective Case–Control Study Using Musculoskeletal Simulation

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Jonathan Sinclair ◽  
Nachiappan Chockalingam ◽  
Paul John Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Musculoskeletal Simulation ◽  
Lower Extremity Biomechanics ◽  
And Control ◽  
Knee Pathology ◽  
Control Study

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a common atraumatic knee pathology in runners, with a complex multifactorial aetiology influenced by sex differences. This retrospective case–control study therefore aimed to evaluate lower limb kinetics and kinematics in symptomatic and control male and female runners using musculoskeletal simulation. Lower extremity biomechanics were assessed in 40 runners with PFP (15 females and 25 males) and 40 controls (15 females and 25 males), whilst running at a self-selected velocity. Lower extremity biomechanics were explored using a musculoskeletal simulation approach. Four intergroup comparisons—(1) overall PFP vs. control; (2) male PFP vs. male control; (3) female PFP vs. female control; and (4) male PFP vs. female PFP—were undertaken using linear mixed models. The overall (stress per mile: PFP = 1047.49 and control = 812.93) and female (peak stress: PFP = 13.07 KPa/BW and control = 10.82 KPa/BW) comparisons showed increased patellofemoral joint stress indices in PFP runners. A significantly lower strike index was also shown in PFP runners in the overall (PFP = 17.75% and control = 33.57%) and female analyses (PFP = 15.49% and control = 40.20%), revealing a midfoot strike in control, and a rearfoot pattern in PFP runners. Peak rearfoot eversion and contralateral pelvic drop range of motion (ROM) were shown to be greater in PFP runners in the overall (eversion: PFP = −8.15° and control = −15.09°/pelvic drop ROM: PFP = 3.64° and control = 1.88°), male (eversion: PFP = −8.05° and control = −14.69°/pelvic drop ROM: PFP = 3.16° and control = 1.77°) and female (eversion: PFP = 8.28° and control = −15.75°/pelvic drop ROM: PFP = 3.64° and control = 1.88°) PFP runners, whilst female PFP runners (11.30°) exhibited a significantly larger peak hip adduction compared to PFP males (7.62°). The findings from this investigation highlight biomechanical differences between control and PFP runners, as well as demonstrating distinctions in PFP presentation for many parameters between sexes, highlighting potential risk factors for PFP that may be addressed through focused intervention modalities, and also the need, where appropriate, for sex-specific targeted treatment approaches.

Evaluating the efficacy of topical vancomycin powder in the treatment of open lower extremity fractures

Trauma ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146040862097814
Author(s):  
Justin Vaida ◽  
Alexander DB Conti ◽  
Justin J Ray ◽  
Daniel A Bravin ◽  
Michelle A Bramer
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Wound Complications ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Vancomycin Powder ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Optimal management of lower extremity fractures includes early antibiotics administration, thorough irrigation and debridement, consideration of soft tissue injury, and definitive skeletal management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical vancomycin powder in the treatment of open lower extremity fractures. Methods This was a retrospective case control study in which open lower extremity fractures at our institution were reviewed for development of infection (including species and sensitivity if present) and the development of unanticipated wound complications requiring intervention. Patients from 2010-2015 were treated with standard of care consistent with evidence-based literature (IV antibiotics with external fixator, intramedullary nail, etc.). Patients from 2016–18 were additionally treated with vancomycin powder applied directly to the wound before closure. All patients were monitored per the treating surgeon’s standard follow-up protocol and had follow-up of at least two months. Results This retrospective case control study comprised 434 patients. The historical control group (n = 388 patients) and treatment group (n = 46 patients) were similar for age, sex, BMI (body mass index), diabetes, smoking status, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). There were 36 infections (9.28%) in the control group compared to four infections (8.70%) in the vancomycin powder group (p = 0.901). No significant difference was seen after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, diabetes, smoking status, and ISS. The vancomycin powder group experienced significantly more wound complications (15.2%) compared to the control group (6.4%; p = 0.039), which remained significant when adjusting for multiple covariates. Conclusions Topical vancomycin powder did not reduce the infection rate when applied in the surgical site of open lower extremity fractures. Instead, the addition of topical vancomycin powder resulted in significantly more wound complications in patients with open lower extremity fractures.

Genetic variation in PTX3 is associated with susceptibility to community-acquired pneumonia in adults: a retrospective case control study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingqi Xiao ◽  
Shiyi Bu ◽  
Tiantian Tang ◽  
Qiaojun Zeng ◽  
Biru Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Haplotype Frequency ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract BackgroundEvidence indicates that single nucleoid polymorphisms (SNPs) of key molecules in innate immunity are related to clinical outcome of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a member of the acute-phase reactants superfamily and plays an important role against various diseases. The purpose of the current study was to assess the association between PTX 3 SNP and the risk of CAP.MethodsThis is a retrospective case-control study. Patients who were diagnosed with CAP between January 2018 to December 2019 in the Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital were included as CAP group. Then CAP cases were matched 1:1 by gender with non-infectious hospitalized patients during the same time. We detected the genotypes, allele frequencies and haplotype distributions of three SNPs within PTX3 gene (rs2305619, rs3816527, and rs1840680) by polymerase chain reaction sequencing in CAP group and control group, and compared their associations with the risk of CAP.ResultsThree SNPs in both groups were consist with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A strong linkage disequilibrium was detected between any pair of rs2305619, rs3816527 and rs1840680 (|D’|≥0.85). There were no differences of rs2305619 and rs3816527 in genotypic distribution and haplotype frequency between CAP group and control group. However, we identified that SNP rs1840680 AA homozygote was associated with a lower risk of CAP in adults (OR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91; p = 0.03).ConclusionsOur findings suggested that PTX3 single nucleoid polymorphism was associated with the risk of CAP in adults.

Case-Control Study of Antibiotic Use and Subsequent Clostridium difficile–Associated Diarrhea in Hospitalized Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Baxter ◽  
G. Thomas Ray ◽  
Bruce H. Fireman
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthcare Delivery System ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To determine which antibiotics increase or decrease the risk of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD).Design.Retrospective case-control study.Setting.Nonprofit, integrated healthcare delivery system in Northern California.Patients.Study participants included patients with cases of hospital-acquired CDAD that occurred during the period from 1999 through 2005 (n = 1,142) and control patients (n = 3,351) matched for facility, calendar quarter during which hospitalization occurred, diagnosis related group for the index hospitalization, and length of hospital stay. All case and control patients had received antibiotics in the 60 days before the index date. For each antibiotic, the risk of CDAD was examined in relation to whether the patient received the antibiotic, after adjustment for use of other antibiotics, demographic characteristics, selected health conditions, and use of healthcare services.Results.The following antibiotics were associated with a significantly increased risk of acquiring CDAD: imipenem-cilastin (odds ratio [OR], 2.77), clindamycin (OR, 2.31), cefuroxime (OR, 2.16), moxifloxacin (OR, 1.88), ceftazidime (OR, 1.82), cefpodoxime (OR, 1.58), ceftizoxime (OR, 1.57), and ceftriaxone (OR, 1.49). Metronidazole and doxycycline were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CDAD (OR for metronidazole, 0.67; OR for doxycycline, 0.41). Other factors associated with an increased risk of CDAD were older age, longer hospital stays, use of proton pump inhibitors, prior gastrointestinal disease, and prior infection (not including C. difficile infection.)Conclusions.Some antibiotics appear to increase the risk of acquiring CDAD, notably clindamycin, third-generation cephalosporins, and carbapenems, whereas metronidazole and doxycycline appear to be protective, compared with other antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Polymorphisms at PRSS1-PRSS2 and MORC4 Loci and the Risk of Post-ERCP Pancreatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phonthep Angsuwatcharakon ◽  
Pimpayao Sodsai ◽  
Rungsun Rerknimitr ◽  
Nattiya Hirankarn
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Recurrent Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Allelic Frequencies ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Background and Aim. The risks of post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) are identified as patient- and procedure-related factors. However, the genetic contribution for PEP is still unclear. Recent data show that the polymorphisms of PRSS1-PRSS2 (rs10273639) and MORC4 (rs12688220) are associated with recurrent acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. We aim to evaluate the association between these polymorphisms and post-ERCP pancreatitis in order to improve better prognosis and better care for these patients. Methods. This is a retrospective, case-control study which includes 49 cases and 97 controls that are age-, procedure-, and risk of PEP-matched with the cases in 1 : 2 fashion. The PEP was diagnosed and graded for severity according to the standard consensus, and the risk factors of PEP were identified according to the ESGE guideline. Polymorphisms at rs10273639 and rs12688220 were evaluated by TaqMan technique and were identified in 133 (40 cases and 93 controls) and 146 patients, respectively. Results. The demographic data between 2 groups are not significantly different. The genotype frequencies of PRSS1-PRSS2 (TT, TC, and CC) are 26, 13, and 1 vs. 67, 25, and 1 in cases and controls, respectively (p=0.642). The genotype frequencies of MORC4 in female (TT, TC, and CC) are 8, 23, and 5 vs. 12, 26, and 21 in cases and controls, respectively (p=0.071). The genotype frequencies of MORC4 in male (T and C) are 5 and 8 vs. 21 and 17 in cases and controls, respectively (p=0.468). The allelic frequencies of MORC4 in combination of both genders (T, C) are 44 and 41 vs. 71 and 84 in cases and control, respectively (p=0.431). In PEP cases, the allelic frequencies of PRSS1-PRSS2 (T and C) are 59 and 13 vs. 6 and 2 in mild and moderate/severe cases, respectively (p=0.633). The allelic frequencies of MORC4 (T and C) are 38 and 39 vs. 4 and 4 in mild and moderate/severe cases, respectively (p=0.972). Conclusion. Polymorphisms at PRSS1-PRSS2 and MORC4 are not associated with the risk or severity of post-ERCP pancreatitis.

scholarly journals Potential Risk Factors Contributing to Development of Venous Thromboembolism for Total Knee Replacements Patients Prophylaxed With Rivaroxaban: A Retrospective Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 107602962096222
Author(s):  
Owais Mian ◽  
Davide Matino ◽  
Robin Roberts ◽  
Ellen McDonald ◽  
Anthony K. C. Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Tourniquet Time ◽  
Total Knee ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Rivaroxaban after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is used to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, despite thromboprophylaxis, some patients still develop postoperative VTE. To determine whether tourniquet time, time to initiate rivaroxaban (TTIRIV), or Body Mass Index (BMI) was associated with postoperative VTE. A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Those patients that developed VTE despite prophylaxis (cases) were compared to controls (no VTE). A univariate analysis was conducted (p < 0.05 statistically significant). Seven VTE cases were identified from 234 TKA-patients. Patients with and without VTE had BMI of 40.1 ± 9.1 and 32.8 ± 7.5, respectively (p = 0.064). TTIRIV in VTE and control group was 28.2 ± 4.7 hours and 26.4 ± 4.2 hours, respectively (p = 0.39). Mean tourniquet time in VTE and control group was 65.0 ± 8.7 minutes and 49 ± 8.8 minutes, respectively (p = 0.0007). Statistically significant differences in tourniquet times were noted between VTE and non-VTE group but not for TTIRIV and BMI. Prolonged tourniquet use could pose a potential risk factor for postoperative VTE. Thromboprophylaxis management may need to be adjusted, based on patient-specific factors that could include increasing doses of oral anticoagulants and/or mechanical prophylaxis. However, further large-scale studies are required to establish pathophysiology.

Assessment of Craniofacial Morphology in Mouth Breathing Children. A retrospective case-control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3649-3653
Author(s):  
David Angelescu ◽  
Teodora Angelescu ◽  
Meda Romana Simu ◽  
Alexandrina Muntean ◽  
Anca Stefania Mesaros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Oral Breathing ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
Control Study

The aim of this retrospective case-control study is to determine a possible correlation between breathing mode and craniofacial morphology. The study was carried out in the Department of Pedodontics,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample comprised 80 patients, age between 6 and 13 years, which were divided in two groups based on respiratory pattern: control group composed of 38 nasal breathing children and case group composed of 42 oral breathing children. Three quantitative craniofacial parameters were measured from the frontal and lateral photos: facial index, lower facial height ratio and upper lip ratio. The statistical analysis showed a significant higher facial index (p=0.006*) and an increase lower facial height (p=0.033*) for the oral breathers group. No differences in facial morphology were found between genders and age groups, when comparing the data between the same type of respiratory pattern children. Spearman�s rho Correlation show a significant positive correlation (p=0.002*) between facial index and lower facial height and a significant negative correlation between facial index and upper lip (p=0,005*). Long faces children are more likely to develop oral breathing in certain conditions, which subsequently have a negative effect on increasing the lower facial height by altering the postural behavior of mandible and tongue.

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