scholarly journals Evaluating Litter Yield and Decomposition for Re-Vegetated Mangroves in a Subtropical Mudflat

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 3340
Author(s):  
Anyi Niu ◽  
Ting Zhou ◽  
Xiu Yang ◽  
Yifei Gao ◽  
Songjun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Rapid Decomposition ◽  
Thespesia Populnea ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Marked Weight ◽  
Field Incubation ◽  
South China Coast ◽  
One Year

Field monitoring and incubation experiments were conducted to evaluate the litter yield and examine the decomposition of the litter of three representative mangrove species frequently used for mangrove re-vegetation in a subtropical mudflat on the South China coast. The results show that the litter yield of the investigated mangrove species varied significantly from season to season. The annual litter production was in the following decreasing order: Heritiera littoralis > Thespesia populnea > Kandelia obovata. Initially, rapid decomposition of easily degradable components of the litter materials resulted in a marked weight loss of the mangrove litter. There was a good linear relationship between the length of field incubation time and the litter decomposition rate for both the branch and the leaf portion of the three investigated mangrove species. Approximately 50% or more of the added mangrove litter could be decomposed within one year and the decomposed litter could be incorporated into the underlying soils and consequently affect the soil carbon dynamics. An annual soil carbon increase from 2.37 to 4.64 g/kg in the top 5 cm of the soil was recorded for the investigated mangrove species.

ANDROST-5-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL IN OVARY OF POST-MENOPAUSAL HYPEROESTROGENIC WOMEN

1968 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pesonen ◽  
M. Ikonen ◽  
B-J. Procopé ◽  
A. Saure
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Cell Groups ◽  
Post Menopause ◽  
Reducing Activity ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
One Year

ABSTRACT The ovaries of ten patients, at least one year after the post-menopause, were incubated with two Δ5-C19-steroids and also studied histochemically. All these patients had post-menopausal uterine bleeding and increased oestrogen excretion of the urine. The urinary estimations of gonadotrophins, 17-KS, 17-OHCS and pregnanediol were carried out on all patients. Vaginal smears were read according to Papanicolaou, and the endometrium and ovaries were studied histologically. The incubation experiments indicate the presence of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase. When androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol was used as precursor the formation of testosterone occurred without any concomitant production of DHA and/or androstenedione. This seems to indicate the possible role of the Δ5-pathway in the formation of testosterone by post-menopausal ovarian tissue. The histochemical reactions indicated a reducing activity on NADH, lactate and glucose-6-phosphate, in certain corpora albicantia, atretic follicles and in diffuse thecoma regions in the cortical layer of the ovary. Steroid-3β-ol-dehydrogenase and β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase were found only at the edges of certain corpora albicantia, in some individual stroma cell groups and in some atretic follicles. Our studies, both biochemical and histochemical, suggest that the observed increase in the urinary oestrogens of the patients studied might in part at least, be of ovarian origin. This opinion is also supported by the postoperative oestrogen values.

LegumeDB: Development of Legume Medicinal Plant Database and Comparative Molecular Evolutionary Analysis of matK Proteins of Legumes and Mangroves

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-362
Author(s):  
Sambhaji B. Thakar ◽  
Maruti J. Dhanavade ◽  
Kailas D. Sonawane
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Homology Modeling ◽  
Sequence Alignment ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Multiple Sequence Alignment ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Thespesia Populnea

Background: Legume plants are known for their rich medicinal and nutritional values. Large amount of medicinal information of various legume plants have been dispersed in the form of text. Objective: It is essential to design and construct a legume medicinal plants database, which integrate respective classes of legumes and include knowledge regarding medicinal applications along with their protein/enzyme sequences. Methods: The design and development of Legume Medicinal Plants Database (LegumeDB) has been done by using Microsoft Structure Query Language Server 2017. DBMS was used as back end and ASP.Net was used to lay out front end operations. VB.Net was used as arranged program for coding. Multiple sequence alignment, phylogenetic analysis and homology modeling techniques were also used. Results: This database includes information of 50 Legume medicinal species, which might be helpful to explore the information for researchers. Further, maturase K (matK) protein sequences of legumes and mangroves were retrieved from NCBI for multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis to understand evolutionary lineage between legumes and mangroves. Homology modeling technique was used to determine three-dimensional structure of matK from Legume species i.e. Vigna unguiculata using matK of mangrove species, Thespesia populnea as a template. The matK sequence analysis results indicate the conserved residues among legume and mangrove species. Conclusion: Phylogenetic analysis revealed closeness between legume species Vigna unguiculata and mangrove species Thespesia populnea to each other, indicating their similarity and origin from common ancestor. Thus, these studies might be helpful to understand evolutionary relationship between legumes and mangroves. : LegumeDB availability: http://legumedatabase.co.in

Modification of atrzine desorption during field incubation experiments

1992 ◽  
Vol 123-124 ◽  
pp. 333-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Barriuso ◽  
William Koskinen ◽  
Brent Sorenson
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Field Incubation

scholarly journals Contributions of organic matter and nutrients via leaf litter in an urban tropical dry forest fragment

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeiner Castellanos-Barliza ◽  
Juan Diego León-Peláez ◽  
Rosalba Armenta-Martínez ◽  
Willinton Barranco-Pérez ◽  
William Caicedo-Ruíz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
One Year ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

The litterfall and decomposition represent the main transfer of organic matter and nutrients from the vegetation to the soil surface and determine positive trajectories in the process of rehabilitating and restoring degraded ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the contributions of organic materials and nutrients through the characterization of fine litter in an urban dry forest fragment. Litter production was monitored for one year by collecting 29 traps (0.5 m2). To evaluate leaf nutrient resorption, green leaves were collected from 5-10 individuals that represented the dominant tree species. Litter-bags (20 x 20 cm, 2 mm pore) were used for six months to evaluate the decomposition of leaf litter. Annual fine litter production was found to be 8 574 kg ha-1, with the Cordia alba species contributing the most leaf litter (1 134 kg ha-1) and nutrients (N: 6.16; P: 0.21; Ca: 4.72; Mg: 0.47; K: 1.27 kg ha-1). Decomposition rates (k constant) followed the decreasing order: C. alba (k: 4.6) > Machaerium milleflorum (k: 3.5). M. milleflorum and Albizia niopoides presented a pattern of rapid N and P release in the first 30 days, with more than 80 % and 60 % released from M. milleflorum and C. alba, respectively, by the end of the experiment. The litterfall monitoring carried out in this urban dry forest fragment revealed some important aspects of the functioning of an ecosystem as seriously threatened as the tropical dry forest. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 571-585. Epub 2018 June 01. 

Long-term differences in annual litter production between alien (Sonneratia apetala) and native (Kandelia obovata) mangrove species in Futian, Shenzhen, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 747-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Liu ◽  
Fenglan Li ◽  
Qiong Yang ◽  
Nora F.Y. Tam ◽  
Wenbo Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Litter Production ◽  
Kandelia Obovata ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala

Appearance can be deceptive: shrubby native mangrove species contributes more to soil carbon sequestration than fast-growing exotic species

2018 ◽  
Vol 432 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 425-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziying He ◽  
Yisheng Peng ◽  
Dongsheng Guan ◽  
Zhan Hu ◽  
Yujuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Exotic Species ◽  
Soil Carbon Sequestration ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Fast Growing

Wind disturbance on litter production affects soil carbon accumulation in degraded sandy grasslands in semi-arid sandy grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 171 ◽  
pp. 106373
Author(s):  
Yongqing Luo ◽  
Xueyong Zhao ◽  
Yuquang Li ◽  
Xinping Liu ◽  
Lilong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Wind Disturbance ◽  
Soil Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Sandy Grasslands ◽  
Semi Arid ◽  
Sandy Grassland

Factors affecting apparent 15N fractionation during nitrogen mineralisation in soils with different root litter inputs

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Sierra ◽  
Lucienne Desfontaines
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Root Litter ◽  
Pool Model ◽  
Ecosystem Studies ◽  
Field Incubation ◽  
N Pool

Nitrogen-15 (15N) fractionation during N mineralisation is frequently invoked to interpret data of N cycling in N-isotope-based ecosystem studies. Because direct measurement of actual fractionation (Dact) is difficult to perform, it is currently estimated from laboratory or field incubation experiments (apparent fractionation, Dapp). However, the procedure of calculation may induce bias in the estimations due to several factors controlled by litter inputs. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of litter inputs and the size and 15N content of organic N fractions on Dapp. Laboratory incubations were performed using soils receiving different amount of root litter from legume trees and grass in an agroforestry plot. The 15N contents of organic N and mineralised N were determined. The results were interpreted with a ‘three-N’ pool model considering two labile organic N pools derived from litter of the tree and the grass, and a recalcitrant organic N pool comprising organic N in mineral soil. The model was used to explore mechanisms that could explain the Dapp obtained in the incubation experiment. Model simulations well duplicated the observed relationships between organic N, mineralised N, their 15N content, and Dapp. Dapp varied from 1.2‰ to 2.4‰. It was negatively correlated with the distance from trees (R2 = 0.91, P < 0.05) and positively correlated with total organic N (R2 = 0.81, P < 0.05). Model simulations indicated that these correlations did not reflect a control of 15N fractionation, but were an artefact induced by the higher decomposition rate of the labile organic N depleted in 15N. This induced an overestimation of 15N fractionation that varied from 10% to 55%. Our results indicated that the procedure currently applied to estimate 15N fractionation during mineralisation may induce large overestimations depending upon the amount of litter input, and the size and 15N content of the organic N pools.

Selection for carcass length in Large White pigs

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Duckworth ◽  
W. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Realized Heritability ◽  
Large White ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Selection Programme ◽  
Selection For ◽  
One Year ◽  
Sib Selection

A sib selection programme for length of carcass was carried out for five generations within a closed herd of Large White pigs. A generation interval of one year was obtained.Litter production was good throughout the project and the numbers of pigs born and reared in the final generation were 11·2 and 10·3 respectively.Overall response to selection was predicted with reasonable success. The increase in length was associated with an increase in number of vertebrae.Heritability for length of carcass computed from the pooled components of variance was 0·53 ± 0·12. Realized heritability was 0·5 ± 0·1. No control strain was maintained.Correlated traits moved in the expected directions and responses were beneficial for traits such as backfat measurements and chest depth, but unfavourable for belly thickness and ham conformation. Carcass acceptability was not good initially and this deteriorated during the project. The difficulties involved in maintaining selection pressure and herd size are discussed. Abnormalities and lameness were recorded and did not increase systematically over the experiment.It is suggested that the specific relationships between ‘conformation’, carcass value and viability require further investigation with particular reference to length of leg and length of carcass.

scholarly journals Year-round poultry litter decomposition and N, P, K and Ca release

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 1043-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiano Santos Rocha Pitta ◽  
Paulo Fernando Adami ◽  
Adelino Pelissari ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Marcia Fernanda Franchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Release Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Field Incubation ◽  
One Year

Poultry litter is an important nutrient source in agriculture, although little information is available regarding its decomposition rate and nutrient release. To evaluate these processes, poultry litter (PL) was applied to the soil to supply 100, 200 and 300 kg ha-1 N contained in 4,953, 9,907 and 14,860 kg ha-1 PL, respectively. The litter bag technique was used to monitor the process of decomposition and nutrient release from the litter. These bags were left on the soil surface and collected periodically (after 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300, 330, and 365 days). The dry matter (DM) loss was highest (35 %) after the first 30 days of field incubation. The highest nutrient release occurred in the first 60 days on the field, when 40, 34, 91, and 39 %, respectively, of N, P, K, and Ca of the initial PL dry matter (4,860 kg ha-1) was already released to the soil. In absolute terms, these percentages represent 40, 23, 134, and 69 kg ha-1 of N, P, K, and Ca and these values doubled and tripled as the PL fertilization rates increased to 9,907 and 14,860 kg ha-1, respectively. After one year of field incubation, the residual contents in the litter were 27, 15, 18 and 30 % of the initial DM , and N, P and Ca, respectively. The release rate of K was the fastest and 91 % of the K had been released from the PL after 30 days of field incubation.

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