scholarly journals Modelling and Stability Analysis of Wind Power Plants Connected to Weak Grids

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Ebrahimzadeh ◽  
Frede Blaabjerg ◽  
Torsten Lund ◽  
John Godsk Nielsen ◽  
Philip Carne Kjær
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Negative Sequence ◽  
Weak Grid ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Sequence Domain

It is important to develop modelling tools to predict unstable situations resulting from the interactions between the wind power plant and the weak power system. This paper presents a unified methodology to model and analyse a wind power plant connected to weak grids in the frequency-domain by considering the dynamics of the phase lock loop (PLL) and controller delays, which have been neglected in most of the previous research into modelling of wind power plants to simplify modelling. The presented approach combines both dq and positive/negative sequence domain modelling, where a single wind turbine is modelled in the dq domain but the whole wind power plant connected to the weak grid is analysed in the positive/negative sequence domain. As the proposed modelling of the wind power plant is systematic and modular and based on the decoupled positive/negative sequence impedances, the application of the proposed methodology is relevant for transmission system operators (TSOs) to assess stability easily with a very low compactional burden. In addition, as the analytical dq impedance models of the single wind turbine are provided, the proposed methodology is an optimization design tool permitting wind turbine manufacturers to tune their converter control. As a case study, a 108 MW wind power plant connected to a weak grid was used to study its sensitivity to variations in network short-circuit level, X/R ratio and line series capacitor compensation (Xc/Xg).

scholarly journals Control of a Wind Power Plant with a Synchronous Permanent Magnet Generator and a Magnetic Variator

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-96
Author(s):  
Andrey A. Achitaev ◽  
Konstantin A. Barkhatov ◽  
Sergey N. Udalov,
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Electric Power ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Electric Power System ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants

Currently, the use of wind power plants with magnetic speed reduction is beginning to develop in the world literature. Features of the application of these systems in combination with a wind power plant allows you to solve the issue of its interface with the electric power system. The controlled flexible connection between the turbine and the generator makes it possible to coordinate the control of the load angle of the synchronous generator. In this paper, we consider a developed controller that provides integrated control of a wind turbine with a magnetic variator with a variable pitch of the blade angle and a variable speed of rotation of the wind turbine. A promising direction for the construction of wind power systems is currently the use of electromagnetic variators as part of wind power plants. This work is devoted to the study of electric power systems that include wind turbines with electromagnetic variators. The variator is built between the wind turbine and the generator, instead of a mechanical gearbox. The high-speed change in the torque of the electromagnetic variator allows you to keep the speed of the generator. Due to the inherent non-linearity of the wind turbine and CVT, a set of operational and emergency modes was defined and then the controller was designed for each operating point. In addition, the aerodynamic torque and effective wind speed are estimated online and a planned variable schedule for the controller implementation is obtained. Was tested by simulating with MATLAB/Simulink

scholarly journals Sustainable Wind Power Plant Modernization

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Weronika Kruszelnicka ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The production of energy in wind power plants is regarded as ecologically clean because there being no direct emissions of harmful substances during the conversion of wind energy into electricity. The production and operation of wind power plant components make use of the significant potential of materials such as steel, plastics, concrete, oils, and greases. Energy is also used, which is a source of potential negative environmental impacts. Servicing a wind farm power plant during its operational years, which lasts most often 25 years, followed by its disassembly, involves energy expenditures as well as the recovery of post-construction material potential. There is little research in the world literature on models and methodologies addressing analyses of the environmental and energy aspects of wind turbine modernization, whether in reference to turbines within their respective lifecycles or to those which have already completed them. The paper presents an attempt to solve the problems of wind turbine modernization in terms of balancing energy and material potentials. The aim of sustainable modernization is to overhaul: assemblies, components, and elements of wind power plants to extend selected phases as well as the lifecycle thereof while maintaining a high quality of power and energy; high energy, environmental, and economic efficiency; and low harmfulness to operators, operational functions, the environment, and other technical systems. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology to assess the efficiency of energy and environmental costs incurred during the 25-year lifecycle of a 2 MW wind power plant and of the very same power plant undergoing sustainable modernization to extend its lifecycle to 50 years. The analytical and research procedure conducted is a new model and methodological approach, one which is a valuable source of data for the sustainable lifecycle management of wind power plants in an economy focused on process efficiency and the sustainability of energy and material resources.

Output Power Correlation Between Nearby Wind Power Plants

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-Huei Wan ◽  
Michael Milligan ◽  
Brian Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power output data from large commercial wind power plants. Outputs from about 330 MW of wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Buffalo Ridge, Minnesota, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitudes and rates of changes in the levels of wind power. Analyses of power data confirm that spatial separation greatly reduces variations in the combined wind power output relative to output from a single wind power plant. Data show that high frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other, but low frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting.

Description of Semantic Web Service in Wind Power Plant Based on OWL-S

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 503-508
Author(s):  
Xin Ying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Semantic Web Service ◽  
Wind Power Plants

IEC 61400-25 is a series of international standards on communication of wind power plants. The service defined by information exchange models in wind power plants communicates through being mapped to web service. Web service is described by WSDL, but with the limitation of WSDL itself, web service can not realize the semantic description, the automatic discovery and composition of service. So semantic web service is introduced, the service is described by OWL-S to realize the interconnection of wind power plant hardware devices from different manufacturers, to facilitate the sharing and reuse of devices function and to realize the sharing of wind power plant knowledge in semantic level.

scholarly journals Control the System and Environment of Post-Production Wind Turbine Blade Waste Using Life Cycle Models. Part 1. Environmental Transformation Models

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Piasecka ◽  
Patrycja Bałdowska-Witos ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Polymer Waste ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
The Impact

Controlling the system—the environment of power plants is called such a transformation—their material, energy and information inputs in time, which will ensure that the purpose of the operation of this system or the state of the environment, is achieved. The transformations of systems and environmental inputs and their goals describe the different models, e.g., LCA model groups and methods. When converting wind kinetic energy into electricity, wind power plants emit literally no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production and postuse management stages of their components require large amounts of energy and materials. The biggest controlling problem during postuse management is wind power plant blades, followed by waste generated during their production. Therefore, this publication is aimed at carrying out an ecological, technical and energetical transformation analysis of selected postproduction waste of wind power plant blades based on the LCA models and methods. The research object of control was eight different types of postproduction waste (fiberglass mat, roving fabric, resin discs, distribution hoses, spiral hoses with resin, vacuum bag film, infusion materials residues, surplus mater), mainly made of polymer materials, making it difficult for postuse management and dangerous for the environment. Three groups of models and methods were used: Eco-indicator 99, IPCC and CED. The impact of analysis objects on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was controlled and assessed. Of all the tested waste, the life cycle of resin discs made of epoxy resin was characterized by the highest level of harmful technology impact on the environment and the highest energy consumption. Postuse control and management in the form of recycling would reduce the negative impact on the environment of the tested waste (in the perspective of their entire life cycle). Based on the results obtained, guidelines and models for the proecological postuse control of postproduction polymer waste of wind power plants blades were proposed.

Output Power Correlation Between Adjacent Wind Power Plants*

2003 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yih-huei Wan ◽  
Michael Milligan ◽  
Brian Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) started a project in 2000 to record long-term, high-frequency (1-Hz) wind power data from large commercial wind power plants in the Midwestern United States. Outputs from about 330 MW of installed wind generating capacity from wind power plants in Lake Benton, MN, and Storm Lake, Iowa, are being recorded. Analysis of the collected data shows that although very short-term wind power fluctuations are stochastic, the persistent nature of wind and the large number of turbines in a wind power plant tend to limit the magnitude of fluctuations and rate of change in wind power production. Analyses of power data confirms that spatial separation of turbines greatly reduces variations in their combined wind power output when compared to the output of a single wind power plant. Data show that high-frequency variations of wind power from two wind power plants 200 km apart are independent of each other, but low-frequency power changes can be highly correlated. This fact suggests that time-synchronized power data and meteorological data can aid in the development of statistical models for wind power forecasting.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Analysis of Ecological Impacts of an Offshore and a Land-Based Wind Power Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Piasecka ◽  
Andrzej Tomporowski ◽  
Józef Flizikowski ◽  
Weronika Kruszelnicka ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Offshore Wind Power ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
The Impact

This study deals with the problems connected with the benefits and costs of an offshore wind power plant in terms of ecology. Development prospects of offshore and land-based wind energy production are described. Selected aspects involved in the design, construction, and operation of offshore wind power plant construction and operation are presented. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the environmental impact of offshore and land-based wind power plants. Life cycle assessment analysis of 2-MW offshore and land wind power plants was made with the use of Eco-indicator 99 modeling. The results were compared in four areas of impact in order to obtain values of indexes for nonergonomic (impact on/by operator), nonfunctional (of/on the product), nonecological (on/by living objects), and nonsozological impacts (on/by manmade objects), reflecting the extent of threat to human health, the environment, and natural resources. The processes involved in extraction of fossil fuels were found to produce harmful emissions which in turn lead to respiratory system diseases being, thus, extremely dangerous for the natural environment. For all the studied areas, the impact on the environment was found to be higher for land-based wind power plants than for an offshore wind farm.

scholarly journals Specification of Environmental Consequences of the Life Cycle of Selected Post-Production Waste of Wind Power Plants Blades

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4975
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piotrowska ◽  
Izabela Piasecka
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Production Waste ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Post Production

Wind power plants during generation of electricity emit almost no detrimental substances into the milieu. Nonetheless, the procedure of extraction of raw materials, production of elements and post-use management carry many negative environmental consequences. Wind power plant blades are mainly made of polymer materials, which cause a number of problems during post-use management. Controlling the system and the environment means such a transformation of their inputs in time that will ensure the achievement of the goal of this system or the state of the environment. Transformations of control of system and environment inputs, for example, blades production, are describing various models which in the research methodology, like LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), LCM (Life Cycle Management), LCI (Life Cycle Inventory), etc. require meticulous grouping and weighing of life cycle variables of polymer materials. The research hypothesis was assuming, in this paper, that the individual post-production waste of wind power plant blades is characterized by a different potential impact on the environment. For this reason, the aim of this publication is to conduct an ecological and energy life cycle analysis, evaluation, steering towards minimization and development (positive progress) of selected polymer waste produced during the manufacture of wind power plant blades. The analyzes were based on the LCA method. The subject of the research was eight types of waste (fiberglass mat, roving fabric, resin discs, distribution hoses, spiral hoses with resin, vacuum bag film, infusion materials residues and surplus mater), which are most often produced during the production of blades. Eco-indicator 99 and CED (Cumulative Energy Demand) were used as the computation procedures. The influence of the analyzed objects on human health, ecosystem quality and resources was appraised. Amidst the considered wastes, the highest level of depreciating impact on the milieu was found in the life cycle of resin discs (made of epoxy resin). The application of recycling processes would decrease the depreciating environmental influence in the context of the total life cycle of all analyzed waste. Based on the outcome of the analyzes, recommendations were proposed for the environmentally friendly post-use management of wind power plant blades, that can be used to develop new blade manufacturing techniques that better fit in with sustainable development and the closed-cycle economy.

scholarly journals Voltage Stability Analysis of an Interconnected Power System Considering Varied Output of Wind Power Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-123
Author(s):  
Muhammad Bachtiar Nappu ◽  
Ardiaty Arief ◽  
Ainun Maulidah
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Power System ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Interconnected Power System ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Ieee Standard

A sound power system must have voltage values at all buses that do not exceed the tolerance limit of ± 5% with small power losses. Voltage instability can be caused by interference or sudden power generation outage from the system. Indonesia's Southern Sulawesi power system has been interconnected with wind power plants located in Sidrap Regency and Jeneponto Regency. Wind speed energy used by wind power plants to generate electricity vary and not always constant. Hence, this can cause fluctuations and produce varied outputs that will affect the voltage profile and stability of the Southern Sulawesi interconnection system. Therefore, it is essential to assess the voltage stability of the Southern Sulawesi power system after the integration of Sidrap and Jeneponto WPPs. First, this study analyzes the voltage profile of the Southern Sulawesi interconnection system voltage after integrating the Sidrap wind power plants and Jeneponto Wind Power Plant during the peak day load and peak night load. Second, the study assesses the voltage stability with a varied output power of both Sidrap and Jeneponto Wind Power Plant. After integrating Sidrap and Jeneponto Wind Power Plants, the results showed that the voltage values at all system buses are stable and within the IEEE standard (between 0.95 p.u. and 1.05 p.u.). In addition, the voltages of the Southern Sulawesi power system with various outputs of both WPPs are still stable and within the IEEE standard.

scholarly journals Research of Emergency Modes of Wind Power Plants Using Computer Simulation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4780
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zaidan Qawaqzeh ◽  
Oleksandr Miroshnyk ◽  
Taras Shchur ◽  
Robert Kasner ◽  
Adam Idzikowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Wind Power Plant ◽  
Wind Power Plants ◽  
Short Circuits ◽  
Regulation Mode

The aim of this study is to investigate changes in the wind power plant energy production parameters under the conditions of sudden wind changes and voltage drop. To achieve these goals, a simulation of operation of wind power plants was performed. Twelve wind turbines with variable rotational speed equipped with a Fuhrländer FL 2500/104 asynchronous double-fed induction generator (DFIG) were used, each with an installed capacity of 2.5 MW. A general scheme of a wind power plant has been developed using a modular-trunk power distribution scheme. The system consists of wind power modules and a central substation, which allows total power to be supplied to the power system at a voltage of 35 kV. The central substation uses two high voltage switchgears. Four modules were used, each of them consisting of three wind turbines, with a power of 7.5 MW. The simulation of the wind turbines was performed in the MATLAB® Simulink® software environment. The mode of response of the turbines to a change in wind speed, a voltage drop in the 35 kV voltage system, and a one-phase short circuit to the ground in the system of 10.5 kV voltage was explored. The results show that a sudden voltage drop and the appearance of short circuits influence the wind power plant (WPP) operation in a different way independent of regulation mode. The power generation from WPP will be limited when voltage drop occurred for both AC and Voltage regulation mode and during short circuits while WPP is set on AC regulation mode.

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