scholarly journals A Comparison of the Characteristics of Drought during the Late 20th and Early 21st Centuries over Eastern Europe, Western Russia and Central North America

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Lupo ◽  
Nina K. Kononova ◽  
Inna G. Semenova ◽  
Maria G. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Surface Processes ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Environmental Prediction ◽  
Central Usa

The character of the atmospheric general circulation during summer-season droughts over Eastern Europe/Western Russia and North America during the late twentieth and early twenty first century is examined here. A criterion to examine atmospheric drought events that encompassed the summer season (an important part of the growing season) was used to determine which years were driest, using precipitation, evaporation, and areal coverage. The relationship between drought and the character of the atmosphere, using the Dzerzeevsky weather and climatic classification scheme, atmospheric blocking, teleconnections, and information entropy, was used to study the atmospheric dynamics. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) re-analyses dataset archived at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, CO, USA, is used to examine the synoptic character and calculate the dynamic quantities for these dry events. The results demonstrate that extreme droughts over North America are associated with a long warm and dry period of weather and the development of a moderate ridge over the Central USA driven by surface processes. These were more common in the late 20th century. Extreme droughts over Eastern Europe and Western Russia are driven by the occurrence of prolonged blocking episodes, as well as surface processes, and have become more common during the 21st century.

Essays on the Political history of the Countries of Central and south-Eastern Europe. From the Late Twentieth to the Early Twenty-First Centuries

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Political Development ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Late Twentieth

This collective monograph is a comprehensive study of the causes, evolution and outcomes of complex processes in the contemporary history of the countries of Central and South-Eastern Europe, and aims in particular to identify common and special characteristics in their socio-economic and political development. The authors base their work on documentary evidence; both published and unpublished archival materials reveal the specifics of the development of the political landscapes in these countries. They highlight models combining both European and nationally oriented (and even nationalist) components of the political spheres of particular countries; identify markers which allow the stage of completion (or incompletion) of the establishment of a new political system to be estimated; and present analyses of the processes of internal political struggle, which has often taken on ruthless forms. The analysis of regional and country-specific documentary materials illustrates that the gap in the development of the region with “old Europe” in general has not yet been overcome: in the post-Socialist period, the situation of the region being “ownerless” and “abandoned”, characteristic of the period between the two world wars, is reoccurring. The authors conclude that during the period from the late twentieth to the early twenty-first centuries, the region was quite clearly divided into two parts: Central (the Visegrad Four) and South-Eastern (the Balkans) Europe. The authors explore the prevailing trends in the political development of Hungary and Poland related to the leadership of nationally and religiously oriented parties; in the Czech Republic and Slovakia the pendulum-like change in power of the left and right-wing parties; and in Bulgaria and Romania the domestic political processes permanently in crisis. The authors pay special attention to the contradictory nature of the political evolution of the states that emerged in the space of the former Yugoslavia. For the first time, Greece and Turkey are included in the context of a regional-wide study. The contributors present optimal or resembling transformational models, which can serve as a prototype for shaping the political landscape of other countries in the world. The monograph substantiates the urgency of the new approach needed to study the history and current state of the region and its countries, taking into account the challenges of the time, which require strengthening national and state identity. The research also offered prognostic characteristics of transformational changes in the region, the Visegrad Four, and the Balkans.

‘Humming the Sets’

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine White
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
Stage Design ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Visual Impact ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the impact of stage design on musical theatre, and the development of musical theatre as a product packaged for consumption across the world. Its focus is chiefly on British musicals of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, during which ‘scenography’ has become recognized as the term for describing the whole theatre-designed space, encompassing, set, costume, sound, light, and more recently including film, animations, and a host of projection technologies and digital media. The chapter refers to contemporary reviews of productions, their success and failure, and the nature of the musical as a form in harmony with new scenic production aesthetics. What becomes apparent in this chapter is the interconnectedness of scenic practices and production aesthetics, which relates directly to the visual impact of musicals on the British stage and the interchange of production styles and modes of the UK and North America.

Polyglossia in modern Hungarian literature: diversity of authors’ strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2 (11)) ◽  
pp. 285-307
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Yakimenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
National Literature ◽  
Hungarian Literature ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Language Minorities ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Hungarian Language

The article illustrates the major trends and strategies in employing multilingualism in Hungarian literature, especially that written by authors born and raised in the countries that surround Hungary in areas populated by polylingual groups including Hungarian-language minorities, as well as in texts describing ‘internal’ multilingualism within Hungary. The author explores the tendency of using multilingualism in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries as a method and medium of expression, and provides examples of how authors shift from merely stating the facts of polylingual speech and avoiding foreign language inclusions to keep up with mainstream Hungarian literature, to including foreign words, phrases and whole fragments from other languages into their Hungarian texts, while reflecting on the multi/transcultural environment that Hungarian minorities have inhabited over the last hundred years. The article reviews prose by Hungarian authors, who were either born in Hungary or in neighbouring countries (and who later moved to Hungary). The article features excerpts from works previously not translated into Russian, thus allowing the reader to get a closer look at the versatile and polycentric Hungarian literature created in the environment of the national literature of Central and Eastern Europe.

Turkey’s policy in the Balkans in the light of transformations in South-Eastern Europe in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 374-380
Author(s):  
Ilgar M. Mamedov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Cultural Rights ◽  
Peacekeeping Operations ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Peace Initiatives ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
Late Twentieth

Europe in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries (Ilgar M. Mamedov) Concern for the political and cultural rights of the Muslim and Turkish population of the Balkans became the main reason for Turkish involvement in the region in the 1990s. Turkey secured its presence in the Balkans mainly within and through NATO. However, Turkey also took independent steps. The main means of Turkey's policy included condemnation of violence, calls for dialogue, peace initiatives, humanitarian actions, and participation in peacekeeping operations.

scholarly journals The Elusive Search for Nora Luca: Tony Gatlif's Adventures in Gypsy Land

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvie Eve Blum-Reid
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
Different Cultures

This essay examines Gypsy filmmaker Tony Gatlif and his 1997 film Gadjo Dilo (The Crazy Foreigner). The film ventures on the icy roads of Romania and casts a young French man in search for Nora Luca’s voice, a woman taped by his musicologist father. The young man is adopted by a Romanian Gypsy community and initiated to Gypsy culture. The film reverts stereotypes associated to Gypsies and questions the place of the white traveler in late 20th century Europe. Questions of otherness and exoticism are raised amidst the Western urge to preserve and collect other cultures. The essay is informed by current Gypsies studies on Gypsy law that locate the interaction Rom cultures have had with non-Rom cultures. The film may be seen as a trilingual road movie set in Eastern Europe, yet Gatlif, a man for whom “the road is his country” stretches the limits of the genre, usually situated in the vast open spaces of North America. Gender is important in the analysis of the film as Rom women encountered act as mediators between two different cultures and spaces. Last, the essay reconsiders the place of Tony Gatlif, a now recognized French filmmaker, a spokesperson for Gypsies who delocalised the story and traveled to Eastern Europe. An analysis of the reception of the film adds to the discussion of a filmmaker, born in Algeria, of Berber and Andalusian descent.

Claude Lanzmann

2021 ◽  
pp. 521-526
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Mass Murder ◽  
Active Member ◽  
Simone De Beauvoir ◽  
Jewish Family ◽  
Jean Paul ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth

This chapter provides the obituary for Claude Lanzmann, who has died in Paris at the age of 92 and was considered one of the great documentary film-makers of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. It talks about Lanzmann's best known revolutionary masterpiece Shoah, which is a nine-and-a-half-hour film that based on interviews conducted in the locations where mass murder had taken place. Lanzmann was born into a secular Jewish family with roots in eastern Europe, the eldest of three children. The chapter also recounts how he helped smuggle arms and ammunition to the Resistance while he attended school in Clermont-Ferrand. After the war, Lanzmann became an active member of the French left, working at the journal Les Temps modernes with Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir, who was his lover for nine years.

Exile, Diaspora, and Return

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Roniger ◽  
Leonardo Senkman ◽  
Saúl Sosnowski ◽  
Mario Sznajder
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scientific Disciplines ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Transnational Connections ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Institutional Impact ◽  
Global Arena ◽  
Education Science ◽  
The Impact

This book explores how Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay have been affected by postexilic relocations, transnational migrant displacements, and diasporas. It provides a systematic analysis of the formation of exile communities and diaspora politics, the politics of return, and the agenda of democratization in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, focusing on the impact of intellectuals, academics, activists, and public figures who had experienced exile on the reconstitution and transformation of their societies following democratization. Readers are offered a kaleidoscope of intellectual itineraries, debates, and contributions held in the public domain by individuals who confronted and fought authoritarian rule. The book covers their contributions to the restructuring and transformation of scientific disciplines and of the humanities and the arts, as well as their collective institutional impact on higher education, science and technology, and public institutions. Bringing together sociopolitical, cultural, and policy analysis with the testimonies of dozens of intellectuals, academics, political activists, and policymakers, the book addresses the impact of exile on people’s lives and on their fractured experiences, the debates and prospects of return, the challenges of dis-exile and postexilic trends, and, finally, the ways in which those who experienced exile impacted democratized institutions, public culture, and discourse. It also follows some crucial shifts in the frontiers of citizenship, moving analysis to transnational connections and permanent diasporas, including the diasporas of knowledge that increasingly changed the very meaning of being national and transnational, while connecting those countries to the global arena.

Financial Crises and the Public Discourse on Financial Elites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Cassis ◽  
Giuseppe Telesca
Keyword(s):  
Great Depression ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Late Twentieth

Why were elite bankers and financiers demoted from ‘masters’ to ‘servants’ of society after the Great Depression, a crisis to which they contributed only marginally? Why do they seem to have got away with the recent crisis, in spite of their palpable responsibilities in triggering the Great Recession? This chapter provides an analysis of the differences between the bankers of the Great Depression and their colleagues of the late twentieth/early twenty-first century—regarding their position within, and attitude towards the firm, work culture, mental models, and codes of conduct—complemented with a scrutiny of the public discourse on bankers and financiers before and after the two crises. The authors argue that the (relative) mildness of the Great Recession, compared to the Great Depression, has contributed to preserve elite bankers’ and financiers’ status, income, wealth, and influence. Yet, the long-term consequences of their loss of reputational capital are difficult to assess.

Continuing Visions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Social Activism ◽  
William Blake ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ridley Scott ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Protest Group ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Dead Man

The questions that drove Blake’s American reception, from its earliest moments in the nineteenth century through to the explosion of Blakeanism in the mid-twentieth century, did not disappear. Visions of America continued to be part of Blake’s late twentieth- and early twenty-first century American legacy. This chapter begins with the 1982 film Blade Runner, which was directed by the British Ridley Scott but had an American-authored screenplay and was based on a 1968 American novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? It moves to Jim Jarmusch’s 1995 film, Dead Man and Paul Chan’s twenty-first century social activism as part of a protest group called The Friends of William Blake, exploring common themes of democracy, freedom, limit, nationhood, and poetic shape.

American Obscurantism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Lurie
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
William Faulkner ◽  
Herman Melville ◽  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Hart Crane ◽  
Stanley Kubrick ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Racial History ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Ongoing Development

American Obscurantism argues for a salutary indirection in U.S. culture. From its earliest canonical literary works through films of the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the most compelling manifestations of America’s troubled history have articulated this content through a unique formal and tonal obscurity. Envisioning the formidable darkness attending racial history at nearly every stage of the republic’s founding and ongoing development, writers such as William Faulkner and Hart Crane, and directors like the Coen brothers and Stanley Kubrick, present a powerful critique of American conquest, southern plantation culture, and western frontier ideology. American Obscurantism engages the basis of these explorations in Edgar Allan Poe and Herman Melville, each of whom present notable occlusions in their characters’ racial understanding, an obtuseness or naivety that is expressed by a corresponding formal opacity. Such oblique historicity as the book describes allows a method at odds with—and implicitly critical of—the historicizing trend that marked literary studies in the wake of the theoretical turn. The book thus restores an emphasis on aesthetic and medium-specific features to argue for a formalist historicity. Working through challenges to an implicitly white, bourgeois, heteronormative polity, American Obscurantism posits an insistent, vital racial otherness at the heart of American literature and cinema. It examines this pattern across a canon that shows more self-doubt than assuredness, arguing for the value of openness and questioning in place of epistemological or critical certainty.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document