scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Water Bodies’ Effects on the Decomposition Rate of Goldenrod Litter

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1394
Author(s):  
Szabina Simon ◽  
Brigitta Simon-Gáspár ◽  
Gábor Soós ◽  
Angéla Anda
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
High Water ◽  
Lake Balaton ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Decomposition Dynamics ◽  
Negative Effect

Leaf-litter input constitutes a major load in natural waters; therefore, to achieve and maintain high water quality, it is important to thoroughly examine and understand the litter decomposition process. The widespread Solidago canadensis exerts a negative effect on the composition of the ecosystem, causes extinction of species, and modifies the function of the system. In Hungary, goldenrod constantly spreads to newer areas, which can also be observed around Lake Balaton and at the bank of the Hévíz canal. In our investigation, we examined the decomposition rate of the leaves and stems of the goldenrod with the commonly applied method of leaf litter bags. As water temperature, ranging from 24.0 °C to 13.7 °C, decreases in Hévíz canal away from Lake Hévíz (−0.32 °C/100 m), we chose three different sampling sites with different water temperatures along the canal to determine how water temperature influences the rate of decomposition. For both leaves and stems, the fastest decomposition rate was observed at the first site, closest to the lake. At further sites with lower water temperatures, leaf litter decomposition rates decreased. Results observed through Hévíz canal demonstrated that higher water temperature accelerated the goldenrod decomposition dynamics, while the drift also impacted its efficiency.

scholarly journals Artificial Light at Night Alleviates the Negative Effect of Pb on Freshwater Ecosystems

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaozhong Pu ◽  
Danjuan Zeng ◽  
Ling Mo ◽  
Jianxiong Liao ◽  
Xiaxia Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystems ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide that can cause a series of biological and ecological effects, yet little is known about its potential interaction with other stressors in aquatic ecosystems. Here, we tested whether the impact of lead (Pb) on litter decomposition was altered by ALAN exposure using an indoor microcosm experiment. The results showed that ALAN exposure alone significantly increased leaf litter decomposition, decreased the lignin content of leaf litter, and altered fungal community composition and structure. The decomposition rate was 51% higher in Pb with ALAN exposure treatments than in Pb without ALAN treatments, resulting in increased microbial biomass, β-glucosidase (β-G) activity, and the enhanced correlation between β-G and litter decomposition rate. These results indicate that the negative effect of Pb on leaf litter decomposition in aquatic ecosystems may be alleviated by ALAN. In addition, ALAN exposure also alters the correlation among fungi associated with leaf litter decomposition. In summary, this study expands our understanding of Pb toxicity on litter decomposition in freshwater ecosystems and highlights the importance of considering ALAN when assessing environmental metal pollutions.

scholarly journals Combined effects of water temperature, grazing snails and terrestrial herbivores on leaf decomposition in urban streams

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e7580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyong Xiang ◽  
Yixin Zhang ◽  
David Atkinson ◽  
Raju Sekar
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Litter Quality ◽  
Urban Streams ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Decomposition Rates ◽  
Terrestrial Insects

The decomposition of organic matter in freshwaters, such as leaf litter, can affect global nutrient (e.g., carbon) cycling. This process can be influenced by fast urbanization through increased water temperature, reduced aquatic diversity and changed leaf litter quality traits. In this study, we performed a mesocosm experiment to explore the individual and combined effects of warming (8°C higher and ambient), the presence versus absence of grazing snails (Parafossarulus striatulus), and intraspecific difference of leaf litter quality (intact versus > 40% area of Liriodendron chinense leaves grazed by terrestrial insects) on litter decomposition in urban streams. Litter decomposition rates ranged from 0.019 d−1 to 0.058 d−1 with an average decomposition rate of 0.032 ± 0.002 d−1. All the three factors had significant effects on litter decomposition rate. Warming and the presence of snails accelerated litter decomposition rates by 60% and 35% respectively. Litter decomposition rates of leaves damaged by terrestrial insects were 5% slower than that of intact leaves, because litter quality of terrestrial insect-damaged leaves was lower (i.e., higher specific leaf weight) than intact leaves. For treatments with snails, warming stimulated microbial and snail mediated litter decomposition rates by 35% and 167%, respectively. All combinations of treatments showed additive effects on litter decomposition except for the interaction between warming and snails which showed positive synergistic effects. In addition, neither temperature nor litter quality affected snail growth rate. These results imply that higher water temperature and the presence of abundant snails in urban streams greatly enhanced litter decomposition. Moreover, the effect of pest outbreaks, which resulted in lower litter quality, can cascade to aquatic ecosystems by retarding microbe-mediated litter decomposition. When these factors co-occurred, warming could synergistically interact with snails to speed up the depletion of organic matter, while the effect of leaf quality on litter decomposition may be diminished at high water temperature. These effects could further influence stream food webs and nutrient cycling.

Ants accelerate litter decomposition in a Costa Rican lowland tropical rain forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terrence P. McGlynn ◽  
Evan K. Poirson
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Costa Rican ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Food Web Structure ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Lowland Rain Forest

Abstract:The decomposition of leaf litter is governed, in part, by litter invertebrates. In tropical rain forests, ants are dominant predators in the leaf litter and may alter litter decomposition through the action of a top-down control of food web structure. The role of ants in litter decomposition was investigated in a Costa Rican lowland rain forest with two experiments. In a mesocosm experiment, we manipulated ant presence in 50 ambient leaf-litter mesocosms. In a litterbag gradient experiment, Cecropia obtusifolia litter was used to measure decomposition rate constants across gradients in nutrients, ant density and richness, with 27 separate litterbag treatments for total arthropod exclusion or partial arthropod exclusion. After 2 mo, mass loss in mesocosms containing ants was 30.9%, significantly greater than the 23.5% mass loss in mesocosms without ants. In the litter bags with all arthropods excluded, decomposition was best accounted by the carbon: phosphorus content of soil (r2 = 0.41). In litter bags permitting smaller arthropods but excluding ants, decomposition was best explained by the local biomass of ants in the vicinity of the litter bags (r2 = 0.50). Once the microarthropod prey of ants are permitted to enter litterbags, the biomass of ants near the litterbags overtakes soil chemistry as the regulator of decomposition. In concert, these results support a working hypothesis that litter-dwelling ants are responsible for accelerating litter decomposition in lowland tropical rain forests.

scholarly journals Species Diversity Induces Idiosyncratic Effects on Litter Decomposition in a Degraded Meadow Steppe

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Naeem ◽  
Talal Asif ◽  
Xuefeng Wu ◽  
Nazim Hassan ◽  
Liu Yiming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Leymus Chinensis ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Litter Bag ◽  
Decomposition Dynamics ◽  
Litter Mixing

Litter decomposition is a fundamental path for nutrient cycling in a natural ecosystem. However, it remains unclear how species diversity, including richness and evenness, affects the decomposition dynamics in the context of grassland degradation. Using a litter bag technique, we investigated the litter-mixing effects of two coexisting dominant species (Leymus chinensis Lc and Phragmites australis Pa), as monocultures and mixtures with evenness (Lc:Pa) from M1 (30:70%), M2 (50:50%), and M3 (70:30%), on decomposition processes over time (60 and 365 days). The litter bags were placed on the soil surface along a degradation gradient [near pristine (NP), lightly degraded (LD), and highly degraded (HD)]. We found that 1) mass loss in mixture compositions was significantly and positively correlated with initial nitrogen (N) and cellulose contents; 2) litter mixing (richness and evenness) influenced decomposition dynamics individually and in interaction with the incubation days and the degradation gradients; 3) in a general linear model (GLM), nonadditive antagonistic effects were more prominent than additive or neutral effects in final litter and nutrients except for carbon (C); and 4) in nutrients (C, N, lignin) and C/N ratio, additive effects shifted to nonadditive with incubation time. We speculated that the occurrence of nonadditive positive or negative effects varied with litter and nutrients mass remaining in each degraded gradient under the mechanism of initial litter quality of monoculture species, soil properties of experimental sites, and incubation time. Our study has important implications for grassland improvement and protection by considering species biodiversity richness, as well as species evenness.

scholarly journals Estimation of biomass, carbon stocks and leaf litter decomposition rate in teak Tectona grandis Linn plantations in city forest of Hasanuddin University, Makassar

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slamet Santosa ◽  
Muhamad Ruslan Umar ◽  
Dody Priosambodo ◽  
Rizki Amalia Puji Santosa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Litter Decomposition Rate ◽  
Teak Plantations

Teak Tectona grandis Linn is still used as the main product in the form of wood, while other products, especially environmental services have not received much attention. This study analyzed biomass, carbon stocks and decomposition rate of leaf litter in teak plantations in city forest of Hasanuudin University, Makassar. The individual biomass of teak plants is calculated using the allometric equation, Y=0.11x ρ x D2.62. Carbon stocks were analyzed using a formulation, C=0.47xB. The leaf litter decomposition rate is expressed as the ratio of the remaining litter dry weight, with the formulation, X= (A-B)/A. The number of teak plants in 5 sample plots were 239 trees with an average stem diameter of 20.6cm and an average height of 9.02m. Total biomass in 5 sample plots was 51,712.61g. Carbon stock in 5 sample plots was 24,304.92g. Decomposition rate average of leaf litter of 24.4g during 60 days incubation. The existence of teak plantations is able to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere by as much as 89,199.06gCO2 and resulting in a decomposition rate of teak leaf litter 0.4g per day

Pengaruh Kerapatan Berbeda Terhadap Produksi Dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum Koenig, 1784 (Meliaceae:Rosids) dan Rhizophora apiculate Blume,1827 (Rhizophoraceae: Rosids) di Perairan Pulau Bintan

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
Muslimin Muslimin ◽  
Susiana Susiana ◽  
Aditya Hikmat Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata ◽  
A Value ◽  
Xylocarpus Granatum

Penelitian mengenai Produksi dan Laju Dekomposisi Serasah Mangrove Xylocarpus granatum dan Rhizophora apiculata di Perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat Pulau Bintan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove Xylocarpus granatum dan Rhizophora apiculata di perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat, Pulau Bintan. Penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Februari – Mei 2020 mengenai produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove X. granatum dan R. apiculata di perairan Busung dan Tanjung Unggat Pulau Bintan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan produksi dan laju dekomposisi serasah mangrove X. granatum dan  R. apiculata. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan penentuan lokasi, kemudian persiapan alat dan bahan dan dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan data kerapatan mangrove dan pengambilan data serasah serta laju dekomposisi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 2 jenis mangrove di 2 stasiun yaitu X. granatum dan R. apiculata. Kerapatan total di Desa Busung berjumlah 2267 pohon/ha tergolong sangat padat dan masih dalam kondisi baik sedangkan kerapatan total di Tanjung Unggat berjumlah 1200 pohon/ha tergolong sedang dan masih dalam kondisi baik. Produksi serasah tertinggi yaitu terjadi pada Stasiun Busung yaitu R. apiculata 1.47 g/m2/hari dan X. ganatum 0.83 g/m2/hari dengan kerapatan yang padat dan untuk hasil terendah terjadi pada stasiun Tanjung Unggat yaitu R. apiculata 1.09 g/m2/hari dan X. granatum 0.65 g/m2/hari dengan kerapatan sedang. Laju dekomposisi serasah daun spesies X. granatum menunjukkan nilai 0.0192 dan Laju dekomposisi serasah daun spesies R. apiculata menunjukkan nilai 0.0203. Laju dekomposisi sersah daun terjadi penurunan yang sangat signifikan pada hari ke 14 yaitu dengan kisaran 0.04 – 0.06 gr/hr. Sedangkan pada hari ke-14 sampai hari ke-28 relatif  konstan, dengan kisaran 0.01 – 0.03 gr/hr. Research on the Production and Decomposition Rate of Xylocarpus granatum and Rhizophora apiculata Mangrove Litter in Busung and Tanjung Unggat Waters, Bintan Island. The purpose of this study was to compare the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter from Xylocarpus granatum and Rhizophora apiculata in the waters of Busung and Tanjung Unggat, Bintan Island. This research was conducted in February - May 2020 regarding the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter X. granatum and R. apiculata in the waters of Busung and Tanjung Unggat Bintan Island. This study aims to compare the production and decomposition rate of mangrove litter X. granatum and R. apiculata. This research was conducted by determining the location, then preparing the tools and materials, followed by collecting data on mangrove density and data collection of litter and decomposition rate. The results found 2 types of mangroves at 2 stations, namely X. granatum and R. apiculata. The total density in Busung Village was 2267 trees / ha which was classified as very dense and still in good condition, while the total density in Tanjung Unggat was 1200 trees / ha which was classified as moderate and still in good condition. The highest litter production occurred at Busung Station, namely R. apiculata 1.47 g/M2/day and X. granatum 0.83 g/m2 /day with a dense density and for the lowest yield occurred at Tanjung Unggat station, namely R. apiculata 1.09 g/m2/day and X. granatum 0.65 g/m2/day with moderate density. The leaf litter decomposition rate of species X. granatum showed a value of 0.0192 and the rate of decomposition of leaf litter of species R. apiculata showed a value of 0.0203. The decomposition rate of leaf litter decreased significantly on day 14, in the range of 0.04 - 0.06 gr/day. Meanwhile, on day 14 to day 28 it is relatively constant, with a range of 0.01 - 0.03 g/day.

Does artificial light at night change the impact of silver nanoparticles on microbial decomposers and leaf litter decomposition in streams?

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1728-1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaozhong Pu ◽  
Danjuan Zeng ◽  
Ling Mo ◽  
Wen He ◽  
Longwu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Light At Night ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact

The negative effect of AgNP on leaf litter decomposition was alleviated by artificial light at night (ALAN).

The effects of ZnO nanoparticles on leaf litter decomposition under natural sunlight

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1180-1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Du ◽  
Yuyan Zhang ◽  
Mingxiang Qv ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Xiaoyun Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Zno Nanoparticle ◽  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
Microcosm Experiment ◽  
Natural Sunlight ◽  
Poplar Leaf

An indoor microcosm experiment showed that decomposition rate of poplar leaf litter was significantly and negatively related to ZnO nanoparticle concentration under natural sunlight.

The Influence of Silviculture Treatments on the Leaf Litter Decomposition Rate of Triploid Populus tomentoza

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3783-3794
Author(s):  
Yue Qin Song ◽  
Zong Qiang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Litter Decomposition ◽  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Leaf Litter Decomposition ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Forest Belt ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Litter Decomposition Rate ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover

Leaf litter decomposition is a fundamental mechanism for self-fertilization in forest ecosystems. Decomposition rate is an important factor in this process. Understanding how silvicultural treatments affect leaf litter decomposition rate can aid in plantation management. In order to reveal the effects of silvicultural treatments on litter decomposition in triploid Populus tomentoza pulp plantations, a litterbag technique was employed in a range of experimental conditions: with/without tree canopy cover (inter or intra forest belts), intercropping, and embedment in the soil. The results showed treatments had varying affects on leaf litter decomposition. The micro-environment created by the forest belt had no significant impact on leaf litter decomposition. The rate of decomposition of embedded leaf litter was significantly higher than litter on the soil surface, indicating that litter buried by tillage or hoeing would promote faster decomposition. Leaf litter decomposition was also enhanced by mixing with cotton (Gossypium sp.) leaf, showing that intercropping sped up the nutrient cycle in triploid P. tomentoza pulp plantations, thereby maintaining and improving soil productivity.

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