A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions

The aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. This methodology is implemented for the first time on the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Global Shipping (CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1) nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions inventory, on the Sentinel-5 Precursor Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric vertical column densities, and on the LOTOS-EUROS (Long Term Ozone Simulation—European Operational Smog) CTM (chemical transport model) simulations. By applying this new EMODnet-based lane separation method to the CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1 emission inventory, we find that cargo and tanker vessels account for approximately 80% of the total emissions in the Mediterranean, followed by fishing, passenger, and other vessel emissions with contributions of 8%, 7%, and 5%, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities sensed by TROPOMI for 2019 and simulated by the LOTOS-EUROS CTM have been successfully attributed to the major vessel activities in the Mediterranean; the mean annual NO2 load of the observations and the simulations reported for the entire maritime EMODnet-reported fleet of the Mediterranean is in satisfactory agreement, 1.26 ± 0.56 × 1015 molecules cm−2 and 0.98 ± 0.41 × 1015 molecules cm−2, respectively. The spatial correlation of the annual maritime NO2 loads of all vessel types between observation and simulation ranges between 0.93 and 0.98. On a seasonal basis, both observations and simulations show a common variability. The wintertime comparisons are in excellent agreement for the highest emitting sector, cargo vessels, with the observations reporting a mean load of 0.98 ± 0.54 and the simulations of 0.81 ± 0.45 × 1015 molecules cm−2 and correlation of 0.88. Similarly, the passenger sector reports 0.45 ± 0.49 and 0.39 ± 0.45 × 1015 molecules cm−2 respectively, with correlation of 0.95. In summertime, the simulations report a higher decrease in modelled tropospheric columns than the observations, however, still resulting in a high correlation between 0.85 and 0.94 for all sectors. These encouraging findings will permit us to proceed with creating a top-down inventory for NOx shipping emissions using S5P/TROPOMI satellite observations and a data assimilation technique based on the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model.

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A New Separation Methodology for the Maritime Sector Emissions Over the Mediterranean and Black Sea Regions

10.20944/preprints202110.0203.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andreas Pseftogkas ◽

Maria-Elissavet Koukouli ◽

Ioanna Skoulidou ◽

Dimitrios Balis ◽

Charikleia Meleti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Dioxide ◽

Black Sea ◽

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Observation Data ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Vertical Column ◽

Major Vessel ◽

The Mediterranean

The aim of this paper is to apply a new lane separation methodology for the maritime sector emissions attributed to the different vessel types and marine traffic loads in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea defined via the European Marine and Observation Data network (EMODnet), developed in 2016. This methodology is implemented for the first time on the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service Global Shipping (CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1) nitrogen dioxide (NOX) emissions inventory, on the Sentinel-5 Precursor TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) nitrogen dioxide (NO2) tropospheric vertical column densities and on the LOTOS-EUROS (LOng Term Ozone Simulation – EURopean Operational Smog) chemical transport model simulations. By applying this new, EMODnet-based lane separation method to the CAMS-GLOB-SHIP v2.1 emission inventory, we find that cargo and tanker vessels account for approximately 80% of the total emissions in the Mediterranean, followed by fishing, passenger, and other vessel emissions with contributions of 8%, 7% and 5%, respectively. Tropospheric NO2 vertical column densities sensed by TROPOMI for 2019 and simulated by the LOTOS-EUROS CTM have been successfully attributed to the major vessel activities in the Mediterranean; the mean annual NO2 load of the observations and the simulations reported for the entire maritime EMODnet-reported fleet of the Mediterranean is in satisfactory agreement, 1.26 ± 0.56x1015 molecules cm-2 and 0.98 ± 0.41x1015 molecules cm-2, respectively. The spatial correlation of the annual maritime NO2 loads of all vessel types between observation and simulation ranges between 0.93 and 0.98. On seasonal basis, both observations and simulations show a common variability. The winter-time comparisons are in excellent agreement for the highest emitting sector, cargo vessels, with the observations reporting a mean load of 0.98 ± 0.54 and the simulations of 0.81 ± 0.45x1015 molecules cm-2 and correlation of 0.88. Similarly, the passenger sector reports 0.45 ± 0.49 and 0.39 ± 0.45x1015 molecules cm-2 respectively, with correlation of 0.95. In summertime, the simulations report a higher decrease in modelled tropospheric columns than the observations, however still resulting in a high correlation between 0.85 and 0.94 for all sectors. These encouraging findings will permit us to proceed with creating a top-down inventory for NOx shipping emissions using S5P/TROPOMI satellite observations and a data assimilation technique based on the LOTOS-EUROS chemical transport model.

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Source apportionment of PM2.5 in Guangzhou combining observation data analysis and chemical transport model simulation

Atmospheric Environment ◽

10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.06.054 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 116 ◽

pp. 262-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Hongyang Cui ◽

Weihua Chen ◽

Wei Dai ◽

Huan Liu ◽

Xuemei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Transport Model ◽

Model Simulation ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Observation Data ◽

Chemical Transport Model

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Investigation of aerosol–cloud interactions using a chemical transport model constrained by satellite observations

Tellus B ◽

10.3402/tellusb.v62i1.16514 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yan Feng ◽

V. Ramanathan

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Aerosol Cloud ◽

Aerosol Cloud Interactions

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Trace Element Concentrations in the Mediterranean Mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 Caught from Sinop Coast of the Black Sea, Turkey

The Open Marine Biology Journal ◽

10.2174/1874450801206010001 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Levent Bat

Keyword(s):

Trace Element ◽

Black Sea ◽

Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Element Concentrations ◽

Mediterranean Mussel ◽

The Mediterranean

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The UIUC three-dimensional stratospheric chemical transport model: Description and evaluation of the simulated source gases and ozone

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres ◽

10.1029/1999jd900138 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 104 (D9) ◽

pp. 11755-11781 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Eugene V. Rozanov ◽

Vladimir A. Zubov ◽

Michael E. Schlesinger ◽

Fanglin Yang ◽

Natalia G. Andronova

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Model Description ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Simulated Source

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Population development of the invader ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi , in the Black Sea and in other seas of the Mediterranean basin

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/s002270100554 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 139 (3) ◽

pp. 431-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 128

Author(s):

Shiganova T. ◽

Mirzoyan Z. ◽

Studenikina E. ◽

Volovik S. ◽

Siokou-Frangou I. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Mediterranean Basin ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽

Population Development ◽

The Mediterranean ◽

The Mediterranean Basin

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Record-breaking ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2010/2011: comparison with 1996/1997

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-12-7073-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (15) ◽

pp. 7073-7085 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. Kuttippurath ◽

S. Godin-Beekmann ◽

F. Lefèvre ◽

G. Nikulin ◽

M. L. Santee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

The Arctic ◽

Altitude Range ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Model Simulations ◽

Ozone Loss ◽

Elevated Ozone ◽

Record Value ◽

First Time

Abstract. We present a detailed discussion of the chemical and dynamical processes in the Arctic winters 1996/1997 and 2010/2011 with high resolution chemical transport model (CTM) simulations and space-based observations. In the Arctic winter 2010/2011, the lower stratospheric minimum temperatures were below 195 K for a record period of time, from December to mid-April, and a strong and stable vortex was present during that period. Simulations with the Mimosa-Chim CTM show that the chemical ozone loss started in early January and progressed slowly to 1 ppmv (parts per million by volume) by late February. The loss intensified by early March and reached a record maximum of ~2.4 ppmv in the late March–early April period over a broad altitude range of 450–550 K. This coincides with elevated ozone loss rates of 2–4 ppbv sh−1 (parts per billion by volume/sunlit hour) and a contribution of about 30–55% and 30–35% from the ClO-ClO and ClO-BrO cycles, respectively, in late February and March. In addition, a contribution of 30–50% from the HOx cycle is also estimated in April. We also estimate a loss of about 0.7–1.2 ppmv contributed (75%) by the NOx cycle at 550–700 K. The ozone loss estimated in the partial column range of 350–550 K exhibits a record value of ~148 DU (Dobson Unit). This is the largest ozone loss ever estimated in the Arctic and is consistent with the remarkable chlorine activation and strong denitrification (40–50%) during the winter, as the modeled ClO shows ~1.8 ppbv in early January and ~1 ppbv in March at 450–550 K. These model results are in excellent agreement with those found from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder observations. Our analyses also show that the ozone loss in 2010/2011 is close to that found in some Antarctic winters, for the first time in the observed history. Though the winter 1996/1997 was also very cold in March–April, the temperatures were higher in December–February, and, therefore, chlorine activation was moderate and ozone loss was average with about 1.2 ppmv at 475–550 K or 42 DU at 350–550 K, as diagnosed from the model simulations and measurements.

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Implementation of state-of-the-art ternary new-particle formation scheme to the regional chemical transport model PMCAMx-UF in Europe

Geoscientific Model Development ◽

10.5194/gmd-9-2741-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2741-2754 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elham Baranizadeh ◽

Benjamin N. Murphy ◽

Jan Julin ◽

Saeed Falahat ◽

Carly L. Reddington ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Particle Formation ◽

Radiative Transfer Model ◽

Transfer Model ◽

New Particle Formation ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Adjustment Scheme

Abstract. The particle formation scheme within PMCAMx-UF, a three-dimensional chemical transport model, was updated with particle formation rates for the ternary H2SO4–NH3–H2O pathway simulated by the Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code (ACDC) using quantum chemical input data. The model was applied over Europe for May 2008, during which the EUCAARI-LONGREX (European Aerosol Cloud Climate and Air Quality Interactions–Long-Range Experiment) campaign was carried out, providing aircraft vertical profiles of aerosol number concentrations. The updated model reproduces the observed number concentrations of particles larger than 4 nm within 1 order of magnitude throughout the atmospheric column. This agreement is encouraging considering the fact that no semi-empirical fitting was needed to obtain realistic particle formation rates. The cloud adjustment scheme for modifying the photolysis rate profiles within PMCAMx-UF was also updated with the TUV (Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible) radiative-transfer model. Results show that, although the effect of the new cloud adjustment scheme on total number concentrations is small, enhanced new-particle formation is predicted near cloudy regions. This is due to the enhanced radiation above and in the vicinity of the clouds, which in turn leads to higher production of sulfuric acid. The sensitivity of the results to including emissions from natural sources is also discussed.

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A new diagnostic for tropospheric ozone production

10.5194/acp-2017-378 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Peter M. Edwards ◽

Mathew J. Evans

Keyword(s):

Air Quality ◽

Tropospheric Ozone ◽

Transport Model ◽

Chemical Transport ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Chemical Transport Model ◽

Organic Species ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

Oxidation Of Organics

Abstract. Tropospheric ozone is important for the Earth’s climate and air quality. It is produced during the oxidation of organics in the presence of nitrogen oxides. Due to the range of organic species emitted and the chain like nature of their oxidation, this chemistry is complex and understanding the role of different processes (emission, deposition, chemistry) is difficult. We demonstrate a new methodology for diagnosing ozone production based on the processing of bonds contained within emitted molecules, the fate of which is determined by the conservation of spin of the bonding electrons. Using this methodology to diagnose ozone production in the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model, we demonstrate its advantages over the standard diagnostic. We show that the number of bonds emitted, their chemistry and lifetime, and feedbacks on OH are all important in determining the ozone production within the model and its sensitivity to changes. This insight may allow future model-model comparisons to better identify the root causes of model differences.

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