scholarly journals Accelerated Aging Characterization of Lithium-ion Cells: Using Sensitivity Analysis to Identify the Stress Factors Relevant to Cyclic Aging

Batteries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Gewald ◽  
Adrian Candussio ◽  
Leo Wildfeuer ◽  
Dirk Lehmkuhl ◽  
Alexander Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Aging Models ◽  
Semi Empirical

As storage technology in electric vehicles, lithium-ion cells are subject to a continuous aging process during their service life that, in the worst case, can lead to a premature system failure. Battery manufacturers thus have an interest in the aging prediction during the early design phase, for which semi-empirical aging models are often used. The progress of aging is dependent on the application-specific load profile, more precisely on the aging-relevant stress factors. Still, a literature review reveals a controversy on the aging-relevant stress factors to use as input parameters for the simulation models. It shows that, at present, a systematic and efficient procedure for stress factor selection is missing, as the aging characteristic is cell-specific. In this study, an accelerated sensitivity analysis as a prior step to aging modeling is proposed, which is transferable and allows to determine the actual aging-relevant stress factors for a specific lithium-ion cell. For the assessment of this accelerated approach, two test series with different acceleration levels and cell types are performed and evaluated. The results show that a certain amount of charge throughput, 100 equivalent full cycles in this case, is necessary to conduct a statistically significant sensitivity analysis.

Simulation of Spatial Strain Inhomogeneities in Lithium-Ion-Cells Due to Electrode Dilation Dependent on Internal and External Cell Structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Ebert ◽  
Markus Spielbauer ◽  
Maximilian Bruckmoser ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Different Cell Types

Electrochemical-mechanical interactions, in particular pressure-induced ones, have been identified to be a cause for lithium-plating in lithium-ion cells. Mechanically-induced porosity inhomogeneities in the separator layers due to electrode expansion during charging especially lead to cell internal balancing currents and can cause localized plating. To identify cell-format and cell-material dependent mechanical weak spots, a layer-resolved mechanical simulation of different cell types and cell-material combinations is presented in this work. The simulation results show distinctive layer strain patterns for different cell-types that coincide with localized lithium-plating found in post-mortem cells. Additionally, the effects of cell bracing in battery modules is investigated and a method to mitigate the increased layer strain due to bracing counterforces is proposed that also increases cell energy density for hardcase-type automotive cells.

scholarly journals Simulation of Spatial Strain Inhomogeneities in Lithium-Ion-Cells Due to Electrode Dilation Dependent on Internal and External Cell Structures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Ebert ◽  
Markus Spielbauer ◽  
Maximilian Bruckmoser ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Cell Material ◽  
Cell Structures ◽  
Cell Energy ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Different Cell Types

Electrochemical-mechanical interactions, in particular pressure-induced ones, have been identified to be a cause for lithium-plating in lithium-ion cells. Mechanically-induced porosity inhomogeneities in the separator layers due to electrode expansion during charging especially lead to cell internal balancing currents and can cause localized plating. To identify cell-format and cell-material dependent mechanical weak spots, a layer-resolved mechanical simulation of different cell types and cell-material combinations is presented in this work. The simulation results show distinctive layer strain patterns for different cell-types that coincide with localized lithium-plating found in post-mortem cells. Additionally, the effects of cell bracing in battery modules is investigated and a method to mitigate the increased layer strain due to bracing counterforces is proposed that also increases cell energy density for hardcase-type automotive cells.

A Semi-Empirical Capacity Fade Model for Lithium Ion Cells with Nickel Based Composite Cathode

2016 ◽  
Vol 163 (7) ◽  
pp. A1286-A1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Basu ◽  
Krishnan S. Hariharan ◽  
Subramanya Mayya Kolake ◽  
Taewon Song ◽  
Taejung Yeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Capacity Fade ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells ◽  
Semi Empirical

scholarly journals The Degradation Behavior of LiFePO4/C Batteries during Long-Term Calendar Aging

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1732
Author(s):  
Xin Sui ◽  
Maciej Świerczyński ◽  
Remus Teodorescu ◽  
Daniel-Ioan Stroe
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Storage Condition ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Regression Approach ◽  
Degradation Behaviors ◽  
Aging Models

With widespread applications for lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems, the performance degradation of the battery attracts more and more attention. Understanding the battery’s long-term aging characteristics is essential for the extension of the service lifetime of the battery and the safe operation of the system. In this paper, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries were subjected to long-term (i.e., 27–43 months) calendar aging under consideration of three stress factors (i.e., time, temperature and state-of-charge (SOC) level) impact. By means of capacity measurements and resistance calculation, the battery’s long-term degradation behaviors were tracked over time. Battery aging models were established by a simple but accurate two-step nonlinear regression approach. Based on the established model, the effect of the aging temperature and SOC level on the long-term capacity fade and internal resistance increase of the battery is analyzed. Furthermore, the storage life of the battery with respect to different stress factors is predicted. The analysis results can hopefully provide suggestions for optimizing the storage condition, thereby prolonging the lifetime of batteries.

scholarly journals Unified Evaluation Framework for Stochastic Algorithms Applied to Remaining Useful Life Prognosis Problems

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Mikel Arrinda ◽  
Mikel Oyarbide ◽  
Haritz Macicior ◽  
Eñaut Muxika
Keyword(s):  
Particle Filter ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Remaining Useful Life ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Life Prognosis ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Aging Models ◽  
Semi Empirical

A unified evaluation framework for stochastic tools is developed in this paper. Firstly, we provide a set of already existing quantitative and qualitative metrics that rate the relevant aspects of the performance of a stochastic prognosis algorithm. Secondly, we provide innovative guidelines to detect and minimize the effect of side aspects that interact on the algorithms’ performance. Those aspects are related with the input uncertainty (the uncertainty on the data and the prior knowledge), the parametrization method and the uncertainty propagation method. The proposed evaluation framework is contextualized on a Lithium-ion battery Remaining Useful Life prognosis problem. As an example, a Particle Filter is evaluated. On this example, two different data sets taken from NCA aged batteries and two semi-empirical aging models available in the literature fed up the Particle Filter under evaluation. The obtained results show that the proposed framework gives enough details to take decisions about the viability of the chosen algorithm.

Evaluation of Saft Ultra High Power Lithium Ion Cells (VL5U)

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan L. Allen ◽  
Jeff Wolfenstine ◽  
Kang Xu ◽  
Donald Porschet ◽  
Thomas Salem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Power ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells

scholarly journals Pulse resistance based online temperature estimation for lithium-ion cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 490 ◽  
pp. 229523
Author(s):  
S. Ludwig ◽  
I. Zilberman ◽  
M.F. Horsche ◽  
T. Wohlers ◽  
A. Jossen
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Temperature Estimation ◽  
Lithium Ion Cells
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