scholarly journals Decellularized Human Umbilical Artery Used as Nerve Conduit

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioanna Gontika ◽  
Michalis Katsimpoulas ◽  
Efstathios Antoniou ◽  
Alkiviadis Kostakis ◽  
Catherine Stavropoulos-Giokas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Artery ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Segmental Defect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Human Umbilical Artery ◽  
Microsurgical Techniques ◽  
Sciatic Functional Index ◽  
Nerve Morphometry

Treatment of injuries to peripheral nerves after a segmental defect is one of the most challenging surgical problems. Despite advancements in microsurgical techniques, complete recovery of nerve function after repair has not been achieved. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of the decellularized human umbilical artery (hUA) as nerve guidance conduit. A segmental peripheral nerve injury was created in 24 Sprague–Dawley rats. The animals were organized into two experimental groups with different forms of repair: decellularized hUA (n = 12), and autologous nerve graft (n = 12). Sciatic faction index and gastrocnemius muscle values were calculated for functional recovery evaluation. Nerve morphometry was used to analyze nerve regeneration. Results showed that decellularized hUAs after implantation were rich in nerve fibers and characterized by improved Sciatic Functional index (SFI) values. Decellularized hUA may support elongation and bridging of the 10 mm nerve gap.

The Correlations Between Walking Analysis Parameters and Q1–Q4 Angles in the Experimental Animal Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 6245-6248
Author(s):  
Ria Margiana ◽  
Renindra Ananda Aman ◽  
Jeanne Adiwinata Pawitan ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Nurhadi Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Spearman Correlation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Functional Index ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Sciatic Functional Index ◽  
Ethics Commission ◽  
Medium Correlation

In the study conducted by Margiana et al., 2015, it has been known that the angle parameters around the point which acts as the meeting point of the lines between the heel and the third fingertip and between finger one and finger five (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) are strongly correlated with Sciatic Functional Index (SFI), Tibial Functional Index (TFI) and Peroneal Functional Index (PFI) in experimental animals with normal walking function, however, whether these parameters can be used in cases of injury is unknown. This study aimed to prove that Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 are correlated with SFI, TFI and PFI. This experimental study used 36 Sprague-Dawley rats as the experimental animals that had been approved by the FKUI Ethics Commission. The Seddon 5 classification was done on the rats with end-to-end suture. The rats were allowed to walk in a hallway and different color inks had firstly been given on each rat’s paws. After the formation of foot prints, the measurement of all parameters was made. The Spearman correlation (SPSS 23) analysis showed that there were correlations between SFI, TFI, PFI and Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4. The correlation coefficient range (r) were categorized as medium correlation. The conclusion of the research that has been conducted is that there are significant correlations between Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 with SFI. Thus, Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 can be used as one of the predictors of walking function.

scholarly journals Optic Nerve Dysplasia Associated with Meningeal Defect in Sprague-Dawley Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Shibuya ◽  
N. Tajima ◽  
T. Nunoya
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Blood Supply ◽  
Thin Filament ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Unilateral and bilateral dysplasias of the optic nerve (ON) were observed in 20/114 male and 14/110 female Sprague-Dawley rats at 12 weeks of age. Grossly, the intracranial segment of the affected ON had nodular thickening, bifurcation, and curvature. Nodular thickenings were seen in 20 males and 11 females. One female had a bifurcated ON. Curvature was observed in the left ONs of two females. Of 34 ON dysplasias, 12 ONs tapered off into a thin filament at the portion anterior to the dysplastic lesions. The intraorbital segments of the ONs in 33 rats were also reduced in size and were hardly recognizable in the meningeal sheath in 10 rats. Both eyeballs appeared normal in all the animals examined. Histologically, nerve fibers in intracranial and intraorbital segments of the ONs that appeared as slender filaments were markedly reduced in number. Nerve fibers in nodular thickenings were intertwined in haphazard fashion, forming scrollworklike structures. The meningeal sheaths in intracranial segments of the ONs in 15 rats and in intraorbital segments in eight rats were partially missing. The naked portion of the ON protruded into the meningeal spaces or gaps. The data indicate that developmental failures in the ON may have been induced due to insufficient blood supply through the meningeal covering or herniation of growing nerve fibers into the defective meninges. However, etiology and pathogenesis of this condition remain unclear.

scholarly journals Characterization of Diabetic Neuropathy in the Zucker Diabetic Sprague-Dawley Rat: A New Animal Model for Type 2 Diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Davidson ◽  
Lawrence J. Coppey ◽  
Amey Holmes ◽  
Sergey Lupachyk ◽  
Brian L. Dake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Corneal Nerves

Recently a new rat model for type 2 diabetes the Zucker diabetic Sprague-Dawley (ZDSD/Pco) was created. In this study we sought to characterize the development of diabetic neuropathy in ZDSD rats using age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats as a control. Rats were examined at 34 weeks of age 12 weeks after the onset of hyperglycemia in ZDSD rats. At this time ZDSD rats were severely insulin resistant with slowing of both motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities. ZDSD rats also had fatty livers, elevated serum free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and elevated sciatic nerve nitrotyrosine levels. The corneas of ZDSD rats exhibited a decrease in subbasal epithelial corneal nerves and sensitivity. ZDSD rats were hypoalgesic but intraepidermal nerve fibers in the skin of the hindpaw were normal compared to Sprague-Dawley rats. However, the number of Langerhans cells was decreased. Vascular reactivity of epineurial arterioles, blood vessels that provide circulation to the sciatic nerve, to acetylcholine and calcitonin gene-related peptide was impaired in ZDSD rats. These data indicate that ZDSD rats develop many of the neural complications associated with type 2 diabetes and are a good animal model for preclinical investigations of drug development for diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals An animal model of gestational obesity and prediabetes: HISS-dependent insulin resistance induced by a high sucrose diet in Sprague Dawley rats.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Eleanore Jacqueline Lovat ◽  
Dallas J. Legare ◽  
W. Wayne Lautt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Nutrient Partitioning ◽  
Insulin Dependent

This study developed an animal model of gestational obesity and prediabetes in Sprague Dawley rats using 35% sucrose supplementation (SS). Postprandially, insulin stimulates glucose uptake and nutrient partitioning via insulin-dependent as well as Hepatic Insulin Sensitizing Substance (HISS)-dependent action. HISS is glycogenic in heart, kidney, and skeletal muscle (contrasting insulin’s lipogenic actions in liver and adipose tissue) and is responsible for the vasodilatory action of insulin. Post-prandial insulin sensitivity was quantified using the Rapid Insulin Sensitivity Test (RIST). 15-day gestation and virgin animals received SS for 8-weeks (with a 2-week recovery), 10-weeks or 22-weeks. SS in pregnant and virgin rats eliminated HISS-dependent glucose uptake, resulting in compensatory hyperinsulinemia and resultant hypertriglyceridemia and obesity. In groups with SS for 8-weeks followed by a 2-week recovery, there was spontaneous partial recovery of HISS-dependent glucose uptake in virgins and complete recovery in pregnancy. 10-week SS resulted in complete absence of HISS-dependent glucose uptake and produced a model of gestational obesity and prediabetes. 22-week SS did not produce hyperglycemia or worsen hyperinsulinemia but did increase hypertriglyceridemia above 10-week SS. This substantiates the use of 10-week SS as a model of gestational obesity/prediabetes, allowing further studies into treatments of gestational obesity and insulin resistance.

Endogenous neuropeptide Y regulates thyroid blood flow

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. E699-E705 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Michalkiewicz ◽  
L. J. Huffman ◽  
M. Dey ◽  
G. A. Hedge
Keyword(s):  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Fibers ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is present in thyroid sympathetic nerve fibers. To assess the involvement of endogenous NPY in the regulation of thyroid function, a NPY antiserum was produced in a rabbit, characterized, and used for immunization of normal and hyperthyroid rats. Plasma thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroidal, and other organ blood flows (BF) were measured in anesthetized (ketamine and pentobarbital sodium) male Sprague-Dawley rats at 1 h after intravenous administration of 1 ml of the antiserum, normal rabbit serum, or saline. Immunization against NPY had no effect on the plasma levels of thyroxine, TSH, or arterial blood pressure, but it significantly increased thyroidal BF in normal rats. In the hyperthyroid rats (treated with 5 micrograms.100 g body wt-.day-1 thyroxine for 6 days), the NPY antiserum reversed the hyperthyroidism-induced decrease in thyroid BF and significantly increased duodenal and testicular BF values, but it did not alter BF values in four other organs. These results indicate that endogenous NPY regulates thyroid BF in normal rats. They also provide an example of NPY involvement in the pathophysiological adjustment of some organs to hyperthyroidism.

Ultrastructural Investigation of Spontaneous Pituitary Adenomas in Aging Sprague-Dawley Rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Microscopic Study ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Microscopic Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolactin Cells ◽  
Light Microscopic Level ◽  
Ultrastructural Investigation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Long Evans

Investigation of the spontaneous pituitary adenomas in rat have been limited mainly to light microscopic study. Furth et al. (1973) described them as chromophobic, secreting prolactin. Kovacs et al. (1977) in an ul trastructural investigation of adenomas of old female Long-Evans rats, found that they were composed of prolactin cells. Berkvens et al. (1980) using immunocytochemistry at the light microscopic level, demonstrated that some spontaneous tumors of old Wistar rats could contain GH, TSH or ACTH as well as PRL.

Early Development of Drug-Induced Hepatic Necrosis

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
F. G. Zaki ◽  
E. Detzi ◽  
C. H. Keysser
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Microscopic Studies

This study represents the first in a series of investigations carried out to elucidate the mechanism(s) of early hepatocellular damage induced by drugs and other related compounds. During screening tests of CNS-active compounds in rats, it has been found that daily oral administration of one of these compounds at a dose level of 40 mg. per kg. of body weight induced diffuse massive hepatic necrosis within 7 weeks in Charles River Sprague Dawley rats of both sexes. Partial hepatectomy enhanced the development of this peculiar type of necrosis (3 weeks instead of 7) while treatment with phenobarbital prior to the administration of the drug delayed the appearance of necrosis but did not reduce its severity.Electron microscopic studies revealed that early development of this liver injury (2 days after the administration of the drug) appeared in the form of small dark osmiophilic vesicles located around the bile canaliculi of all hepatocytes (Fig. 1). These structures differed from the regular microbodies or the pericanalicular multivesicular bodies. They first appeared regularly rounded with electron dense matrix bound with a single membrane. After one week on the drug, these vesicles appeared vacuolated and resembled autophagosomes which soon developed whorls of concentric lamellae or cisterns characteristic of lysosomes (Fig. 2). These lysosomes were found, later on, scattered all over the hepatocytes.

Ultrastructural investigation of spontaneous pituitary gonadotroph cell adenomas in aging Sprague-Dawley rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 702-703
Author(s):  
D. J. McComb ◽  
J. Beri ◽  
F. Zak ◽  
K. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Immunoelectron Microscopy ◽  
Tumor Type ◽  
Gonadal Function ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reticulin Fibers ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Gonadotroph cell adenomas of the pituitary are infrequent in human patients and are not invariably associated with altered gonadal function. To date, no animal model of this tumor type exists. Herein, we describe spontaneous gonadotroph cell adenomas in old male and female Sprague-Dawley rats by histology, immunocytology and electron microscopy.The material consisted of the pituitaries of 27 male and 38 female Sprague Dawley rats, all 26 months of age or older, removed at routine autopsy. Sections of formal in-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue were stained with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS), the PAS method and the Gordon-Sweet technique for the demonstration of reticulin fibers. For immunostaining, sections were exposed to anti-rat β-LH, anti-ratβ-TSH, anti-rat PRL, anti-rat GH and anti-rat ACTH 1-39. For electron microscopy, tissue was fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, postfixed in 1% OsO4 and embedded in epoxy-resin. Tissue fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in epoxy resin without osmification, was used for immunoelectron microscopy.

Freeze-etch studies of epiphyseal growth plate cartilage reveal matrix vesicles associated with calcification

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-671
Author(s):  
Russell N. A. Cecil ◽  
H. Clarke Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Matrix Vesicle ◽  
Glycerol Solution ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Epiphyseal Growth Plate ◽  
Growth Plates ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Tibial Epiphyseal

Unfixed proximal tibial epiphyseal growth plates were studied by freeze-etch to confirm the presence of extracellular calcifying matrix vesicles and to determine the substructure of matrix vesicle membranes as compared to plasma and other membranes of intact chondrocytes. Growth plates from 6-10 week old Sprague-Dawley rats were cut into 1x3 mm blocks whose long dimension was oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the long axis of the tibia. Some blocks were fixed at pH 7. 0 in 0. 2M cacodylate - buffered 2. 5% glutaraldehyde for 1 hour at 4ÅC. The blocks were immersed in 30% glycerol solution at 4ÅC for 1 hour, frozen in liquid nitrogen, and then fractured, etched for 2 minutes, and coated with platinum, carbon and 0. 2% Formvar solution. The replicas were cleaned with chromic acid, floated onto Formvar coated grids, and examined with a Phillips EM 300 electron microscope.Fixed and unfixed specimens appeared similar in ultrastructure. Chondrocytes, matrix, and matrix vesicles were identified. In specimens fractured parallel to the long axis of the tibia, the reserve, proliferative, hypertrophic, and calcifying zones could be discerned as described by light and electron microscopy.

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