scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

scholarly journals Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate–Solubilizing Bacteria, and Silicon to P Uptake by Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Etesami ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.

Modelling nutrient uptake: a possible indicator of phosphorus deficiency

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mendham ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
P. W. Moody ◽  
R. L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Highly Correlated

An understanding of the processes controlling soil nutrient supply and plant uptake has led to process-based models that can predict nutrient uptake and the concentration gradient that develops at the root surface. By using this information, it may be possible to develop an indicator of soil phosphorus status based on the predicted uptake and/or concentration of phosphorus (P) at the root surface. To identify the potential for such a test, the relationships between model output and observed plant growth were examined using data from a published experiment. The experiment was initially designed to investigate the relationship between common indices of soil-available P and the growth of maize (Zea mays) in 26 surface soils from Queensland. There was a high correlation between observed and predicted P uptake, and between relative dry matter yield and predicted P uptake. The predicted concentration of P at the root surface was also highly correlated with P uptake and dry weight increase. It is hypothesised that the short growth period (25 days) was responsible for the high correlation between P uptake and measured soil solution P. The hypothesis that a predicted concentration of P at the root surface or predicted P uptake may be valuable indicators of P deficiency in the longer term still remains to be tested.

scholarly journals The Application of Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes Biofertilizer to Increase Soil P and Yield of Maize on Ultisols Jatinangor

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Betty Natalie Fitriatin ◽  
Pujawati Suryatmana ◽  
Anny Yuniarti ◽  
Noor Istifadah
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Phosphate ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
P Fertilizer ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing

Ultisols has problems of low availability of nutrients, especially phosphorus. To improve soil phosphate and P fertilizer efficiency, it is necessary to develop biofertilizer such as phosphate solubilizing microbes. Phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM) have the capability of dissolving soil phosphorus which have been adsorbed and can mineralize organic P to become inorganic P, hence increasing the avalibility of P in the soil. Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas mallei and Pseudomonas cepacea) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (Penicillium sp. and Aspergillus sp) were selected based on their ability to dissolve P. The experiment was conducted at Jatinangor, West Java Indonesia to study the application of PSM biofertilizer to increase soil P and yield of maize. Experiment used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) in factorial pattern, consisting of two factors with three replications. The first factor consisted of PSM biofertilizer, which were; without PSM, 5 L ha-1 of PSM and 50 kg ha-1 of PSM.  The second factor was P fertilizer with five levels (0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% dosage of recommendation). The results showed that the application of PSM biofertilizer increased soil phosphate and yield of maize on Ultisol Jatinangor.  The dosage of P inorganic fertilizers was reduced by 50%.Keywords: ultisol, maize, biofertillizer, phospate-solubilizing bacteria.

scholarly journals A novel isotope pool dilution approach to quantify gross rates of key abiotic and biological processes in the soil phosphorus cycle

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 3047-3068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Wanek ◽  
David Zezula ◽  
Daniel Wasner ◽  
Maria Mooshammer ◽  
Judith Prommer
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Phosphorus Cycle ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Environmental Controls ◽  
Abiotic Controls ◽  
Malachite Green Assay ◽  
P Cycle ◽  
Isotope Pool Dilution

Abstract. Efforts to understand and model the current and future behavior of the global phosphorus (P) cycle are limited by the availability of global data on rates of soil P processes, as well as their environmental controls. Here, we present a novel isotope pool dilution approach using 33P labeling of live and sterile soils, which allows for high-quality data on gross fluxes of soil inorganic P (Pi) sorption and desorption, as well as of gross fluxes of organic P mineralization and microbial Pi uptake to be obtained. At the same time, net immobilization of 33Pi by soil microbes and abiotic sorption can be easily derived and partitioned. Compared with other approaches, we used short incubation times (up to 48 h), avoiding tracer remineralization, which was confirmed by the separation of organic P and Pi using isobutanol fractionation. This approach is also suitable for strongly weathered and P-impoverished soils, as the sensitivity is increased by the extraction of exchangeable bioavailable Pi (Olsen Pi; 0.5 M NaHCO3) followed by Pi measurement using the malachite green assay. Biotic processes were corrected for desorption/sorption processes using adequate sterile abiotic controls that exhibited negligible microbial and extracellular phosphatase activities. Gross rates were calculated using analytical solutions of tracer kinetics, which also allowed for the study of gross soil P dynamics under non-steady-state conditions. Finally, we present major environmental controls of gross P-cycle processes that were measured for three P-poor tropical forest and three P-rich temperate grassland soils.

scholarly journals Perubahan Populasi Mikroroganisme Pelarut Fosfat pada Lahan Sawah dengan Sistem Pertanian Intensif menjadi Sistem Pertanian Organik Berkelanjutan

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Dermiyati ◽  
Jeni Antari ◽  
Sri Yusnaini ◽  
Sutopo Ghani Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Residual P ◽  
Soil Available P ◽  
Nitrogen Ratio ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

The research aimed to study the change of population of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms according to the application time of bokashi which were applied continously on organic paddy rice fields since years of 2000 up to 2006. The research was conducted in a Randomized Completely Block Design in four replicates. The treatments were without bokashi (control; with intensively application of NPK fertilizers), bokashi application for 3 planting seasons (12 t ha-1), bokashi application for 4 planting seasons (16 t ha-1), bokashi application for 7 planting seasons (28 t ha-1), and bokashi application for 9 planting seasons (36 t ha-1). The results showed that the population of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms were not affected by continously applied of bokashi and did not have correlations to organic carbon, total nitrogen, ratio C/N, soil pH, and soil water content. However, the phosphate solubilizing microorganisms had played a role in the availability of the soil available-P which were shown by increasing of paddy yields year by year, although the contribution of soil phosphorus from bokashi is a relatively low. Yet, the bokashi application on the organic paddy fields did not increase the soil availble-P because most of the P which was absorbed by the plants coming from residual P fertilizers either from bokashi or SP-36 which were intensevely given before.

Phosphorus in Aeolian desert dust deposits can be captured, dissolved, and absorbed by plant leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Erel ◽  
Sudeep Tiwari ◽  
Ilana Shtein ◽  
Avner Gross
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
P Limitation ◽  
Uptake Pathway ◽  
Root Responses ◽  
P Cycle

<p>Phosphorus (P) limitation is prevalent around the world,<sup></sup>primarily because most soil P have low bioavailability. In P poor ecosystems, deposition of P-rich desert dust is recognized as a major component of the P cycle. The acknowledged paradigm is that plants acquire P deposited in soil primarily via their roots. We tested whether, and to what extent, plants acquire P directly from dust deposited on their leaves and what are the underlining uptake mechanisms of insoluble P. P-rich dust was applied to P sufficient and P deficient chickpea, maize and wheat plants and was compared to plants which received inert silica powder. Foliar application of dust doubled the growth of P stressed chickpea and wheat, two crops originating near the Syrian Desert. P deficiency enhanced the acquisition of insoluble P through series of leaf modifications that increased foliar dust capture, acidified the leaf surface and, in chickpea, enhanced exudation of P-solubilizing organic acids. In in-situ trials, we demonstrated that the modifications of leaf pH and exudation of oxalic and malic acids substantially promoted P solubilisation from dust.  Foliar responses did not occur in maize and in P sufficient plants which displayed only a marginal response to dust. Our results demonstrate that foliar uptake of P from dust can be an alternative P acquisition pathway in P-deficient plants. Interestingly, the abovementioned foliar responses are comparable to known P uptake root responses. Given that P limitation is almost universal, foliar P uptake pathway will have significant ecological and agricultural implications.</p>

Recycled Nutrients as a Phosphorus Source for Canadian Organic Agriculture: A Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nicksy ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
P System ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
P Cycle

The challenges associated with the global phosphorus (P) cycle are complex and multi-faceted, from geological resource limitation, to P deficiency on arable farmland, to environmental contamination via excess P fertilization. While no single solution can address all of the challenges associated with the P cycle, the principle of circularity provides a framework toward a more sustainable and food-secure P system. Phosphorus deficiency on farmland is widespread, particularly on organically managed farms due to negative P balances in low-input cropping systems. Recycled nutrient sources divert food and human wastes back onto farmland; they have the potential to ameliorate both the global scale issues of phosphate rock depletion and environmental contamination, and the farm-scale issue of P deficiency, particularly for organic farms. In order for recycled nutrients to act as viable alternatives to conventional nutrient sources, their ability to supply P and improve yields must be demonstrated. This paper provides an introduction to the importance of recycled fertilizer sources in the global P cycle, and the key role they can play on organic farmland in Canada.

EFFECT OF AVAILABLE SOIL PHOSPHORUS ON YIELDS AND RESPONSE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS TO FERTILIZER PHOSPHORUS IN THE FIELD

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. MUNRO ◽  
J. A. CUTCLIFFE
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Control Plot ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Total P ◽  
Tissue Phosphorus

The Morgan method, of the four methods studied, gave the best indication of availability of soil phosphorus for Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC, Jade Cross). Control plot yields were highly correlated with available soil phosphorus by the Morgan method (r = 0.55, [Formula: see text]) and increased by about 1.3 metric tons of sprouts/ha for each 1 ppm increase in available soil phosphorus. Maximum yields were obtained by the application of 117 kg P/ha on soils testing less than 1.5 ppm P. No response to applied phosphorus occurred at soil-P levels greater than 5.0 ppm. Leaf-tissue phosphorus concentrations generally increased with increasing rates of applied phosphorus. Tissue phosphorus concentrations of control plot leaf samples were not related to control plot yields, but were significantly related to available soil phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency was indicated when leaf tissue from unfertilized plants contained less than 0.35% total P, but some responses to applied phosphorus did occur when unfertilized plants contained up to 0.60% total P in the tissue.

scholarly journals High Soil Phosphorus Application Significantly Increased Grain Yield, Phosphorus Content but Not Zinc Content of Cowpea Grains

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Saba B. Mohammed ◽  
Daniel K. Dzidzienyo ◽  
Adama Yahaya ◽  
Muhammad L. Umar ◽  
Muhammad F. Ishiyaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
High Soil ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
P Application ◽  
Phosphorus Application ◽  
The Impact

To ameliorate the impact of soil phosphorus (P) deficiency on cowpea, the use of P-based fertilizers is recommended. Plant zinc (Zn) is an essential nutrient required by plants in a wide range of processes, such as growth hormone production and metabolism. However, a negative association between plant Zn content and high P application has been reported in some crops. There are few reports about soil P application and plant Zn content relationship on cowpea. Thus, this study investigated the response of cowpeas to three P rates in the screenhouse (0, 1.5, and 30 mg P/kg) and field (0, 10, and 60 kg P2O5/ha) and their effects on plant P and Zn content, biomass, and grain yield. In the screenhouse, shoot and root dry weights, and shoot P and Zn content were measured. Shoot dry weight, grain yield, grain P, and Zn contents were determined from field plants. Higher rates of P led to increased shoot biomass and grain yield of the field experiment but were not associated with a significant change in shoot or grain Zn content. There was not a significant correlation between grain yield and Zn content in high soil P (p < 0.05). The effect of higher P application on reduced plant Zn contents may be genotype-dependent and could be circumvented if genotypes with high Zn content under high soil P are identified.

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