Recycled Nutrients as a Phosphorus Source for Canadian Organic Agriculture: A Perspective

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Nicksy ◽  
Martin Entz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Resource Limitation ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
P System ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Human Wastes ◽  
P Cycle

The challenges associated with the global phosphorus (P) cycle are complex and multi-faceted, from geological resource limitation, to P deficiency on arable farmland, to environmental contamination via excess P fertilization. While no single solution can address all of the challenges associated with the P cycle, the principle of circularity provides a framework toward a more sustainable and food-secure P system. Phosphorus deficiency on farmland is widespread, particularly on organically managed farms due to negative P balances in low-input cropping systems. Recycled nutrient sources divert food and human wastes back onto farmland; they have the potential to ameliorate both the global scale issues of phosphate rock depletion and environmental contamination, and the farm-scale issue of P deficiency, particularly for organic farms. In order for recycled nutrients to act as viable alternatives to conventional nutrient sources, their ability to supply P and improve yields must be demonstrated. This paper provides an introduction to the importance of recycled fertilizer sources in the global P cycle, and the key role they can play on organic farmland in Canada.

scholarly journals Roles of Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms from Managing Soil Phosphorus Deficiency to Mediating Biogeochemical P Cycle

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 158
Author(s):  
Jiang Tian ◽  
Fei Ge ◽  
Dayi Zhang ◽  
Songqiang Deng ◽  
Xingwang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Soil Systems ◽  
Intensively Managed ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers ◽  
P Cycle

Phosphorus (P) is a vital element in biological molecules, and one of the main limiting elements for biomass production as plant-available P represents only a small fraction of total soil P. Increasing global food demand and modern agricultural consumption of P fertilizers could lead to excessive inputs of inorganic P in intensively managed croplands, consequently rising P losses and ongoing eutrophication of surface waters. Despite phosphate solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) are widely accepted as eco-friendly P fertilizers for increasing agricultural productivity, a comprehensive and deeper understanding of the role of PSMs in P geochemical processes for managing P deficiency has received inadequate attention. In this review, we summarize the basic P forms and their geochemical and biological cycles in soil systems, how PSMs mediate soil P biogeochemical cycles, and the metabolic and enzymatic mechanisms behind these processes. We also highlight the important roles of PSMs in the biogeochemical P cycle and provide perspectives on several environmental issues to prioritize in future PSM applications.

scholarly journals Response of Common Bean Genotypes Grown in Soil with Normal or Limited Moisture, with Special Reference to the Nutrient Phosphorus

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Margaret Namugwanya ◽  
John Tenywa ◽  
Erasmus Otabbong
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Limited Moisture ◽  
Faster Development

Drought and phosphorus deficiency in the soil are the major production limitations of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study measured the yield responses of low phosphorus-tolerant common beans to drought stress. A field experiment was conducted under two drought conditions codenamed, non-drought-stress (NDS) and drought-stress (DS). The former was located at Mukono Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MUZARDI) in Mukono District, characterised by rainfall of more than 400 mm season−1. The latter was situated at Wabinyonyi in Nakasongola District, characterised by less than 300 mm season−1; both in central Uganda. Treatments included the two study conditions (NDS and DS); and four test bean genotypes, AFR703-1, AFR 708, JESCA, and MCM 2001, against a local check, K131. A water deficit of 156 mm season−1 was observed in the DS site causing a drought intensity index (DII) of 40%. That pattern contrasted considerably in the NDS site where the actual rainfall did not significantly (p > 0.05) vary from the required water by the bean plant. Whereas genotypes AFR703-1 and AFR708 out-yielded the local check in NDS by 213 and 681 kg ha−1, respectively; their grain yield harvested was comparable to the control yield in DS. When grown under DS, low P-tolerant beans, especially the AFR703-1 and AFR708, survived drought stress through faster development by reducing the number of days to flower, reach physiological maturity and develop seeds. AFR703-1 and AFR708 sufficiently withstand drought stress, and are therefore recommended for inclusion in cropping systems that are characteristically constrained by the combined soils’ P deficiency and/or drought.

Phosphate Uptake by Spirodela and Lemna during Early Phosphorus Deficiency

1987 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
I.R McPharlin ◽  
R.L Bieleski
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
First Order ◽  
Phosphate Ion ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Uptake Rates ◽  
Spirodela Oligorrhiza

Growth, internal P concentration and Pi uptake was investigated in sterile cultures of Spirodela oligorrhiza (Kurz) Hegelm. and Lemna major L. plants during early P-deficiency. Within 12 h of transfer to a P-deficient medium, Pi uptake rates by P-deficient (- P) plants were enhanced 30-120% compared with P adequate (+ P) controls at 1-1000 �M external [Pi]. The enhancement in Pi uptake rates with P-deficiency normally preceded, and was more pronounced than, other effects of P-deficiency such as reduced growth, reduced internal [P] and appearance of visual symptoms. Enhanced Pi uptake rates in - P compared with +P plants resupplied with Pi was more closely correlated with a fall in the internal [Pi] (r = -0.93 to -0.98) than with a fall in the concentration of three other P fractions (i.e. ester P, lipid P, and residual P). The role of tissue [Pi] in Spirodela and Lemna plants as a possible determinant of Pi uptake rates is discussed. Kinetic analysis showed that enhanced Pi uptake in -P compared with + P plants resupplied with Pi was the result of a 2-4-fold increase in V*max of two first- order systems and not by an increased affinity (i.e. reduced K*m) of the carrier for the phosphate ion.

Modelling nutrient uptake: a possible indicator of phosphorus deficiency

Soil Research ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 313 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Mendham ◽  
P. J. Smethurst ◽  
P. W. Moody ◽  
R. L. Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Highly Correlated

An understanding of the processes controlling soil nutrient supply and plant uptake has led to process-based models that can predict nutrient uptake and the concentration gradient that develops at the root surface. By using this information, it may be possible to develop an indicator of soil phosphorus status based on the predicted uptake and/or concentration of phosphorus (P) at the root surface. To identify the potential for such a test, the relationships between model output and observed plant growth were examined using data from a published experiment. The experiment was initially designed to investigate the relationship between common indices of soil-available P and the growth of maize (Zea mays) in 26 surface soils from Queensland. There was a high correlation between observed and predicted P uptake, and between relative dry matter yield and predicted P uptake. The predicted concentration of P at the root surface was also highly correlated with P uptake and dry weight increase. It is hypothesised that the short growth period (25 days) was responsible for the high correlation between P uptake and measured soil solution P. The hypothesis that a predicted concentration of P at the root surface or predicted P uptake may be valuable indicators of P deficiency in the longer term still remains to be tested.

Responses to low phosphorus in high and low foliar anthocyanin coleus (Solenostemon scutellarioides) and maize (Zea mays)

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia Henry ◽  
Surinder Chopra ◽  
David G. Clark ◽  
Jonathan P. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Light Harvesting Complex ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Constitutive Production ◽  
Anthocyanin Production

Foliar anthocyanin production is frequently induced by phosphorus deficiency, but the adaptive significance of increased anthocyanin production under P stress, if any, remains unknown. In this study we hypothesised that if anthocyanin expression is an adaptive response to mitigate the stress effects of P deficiency, genotypes with constitutive anthocyanin expression would have greater tolerance to P stress than low anthocyanin-producing genotypes. Four studies were conducted in greenhouse, outdoor chamber and field conditions to compare genetically similar maize and coleus plants with contrasting anthocyanin accumulation (i.e. ‘red-leafed’ vs ‘green-leafed’). In low-P treatments, anthocyanin production did not consistently result in greater photosynthesis or biomass. In coleus, red-leafed phenotypes showed lower chlorophyll a/b ratios suggesting photoprotection by anthocyanins against degradation of light harvesting complex proteins. However, the opposite trend was observed in maize, where red-leafed phenotypes showed greater chlorophyll a/b ratios and lower qP (oxidation state of PSII). Based on results from the various treatments and growth conditions of this study, it could not be concluded that high foliar anthocyanin production confers a general functional advantage under low-P stress. More research comparing inducible vs constitutive production may help elucidate the role of anthocyanin biosynthesis in P deficiency responses.

scholarly journals Effect of phosphorus deficiency on growth and trasport of k+, na+, cl-, no3- in lentil seedling (lens culinaris medik. Var. Barimasur-4)

1970 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bimal Chandra Sarker ◽  
JL Karmoker
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Monovalent Ions ◽  
Lentil Seedling

Effects of phosphorus deficiency on accumulation of dry matter and transport of some monovalent ions viz., Na+, K+, Cl- , and NO3- in lentil showed that seedlings raised in culture solution with and without different amount of phosphorus decreased accumulation of K+ and increased accumulation of Na+ in both the root and shoot of lentil. Cl– contents increased under P?deficiency. Concentration of NO3- was increased in the root and decreased in the shoot of P?deficient lentil. P-deficiency caused an increase in the root dry matter and a decrease in the shoot. P-deficiency resulted in a decrease in the shoot : root. Key words: P-deficiency; Growth; Transport; Na+; K+; Cl–; NO3–; Lentil, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v20i2.8967 DUJBS 2011; 20(2): 103-108   

scholarly journals Potassium and Phosphorus Deficiency Symptoms of Ixora

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Foliage Plants ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
K Deficiency ◽  
Foliar Concentrations ◽  
Olive Green

Ixoras (Ixora L.) growing in calcareous sandy soils are highly susceptible to a reddish leaf spot disorder. Symptoms appear on the oldest leaves of a shoot and consist of irregular diffuse brownish-red blotches on slightly chlorotic leaves. Symptoms of K deficiency, P deficiency, and both K and P deficiency were induced in container-grown Ixora `Nora Grant' by withholding the appropriate element from the fertilization regime. Potassium-deficient ixoras showed sharply delimited necrotic spotting on the oldest leaves, were stunted in overall size, and retained fewer leaves per shoot than control plants. Phosphorus-deficient plants showed no spotting, but had uniformly brownish-red older leaves and olive-green younger foliage. Plants deficient in both elements displayed symptoms similar to those observed on landscape plants. Symptomatic experimental and landscape ixoras all had low foliar concentrations of both K and P.

scholarly journals Konstitusi Genetik dan Karakter Fenotipik Galur-galur Padi Pup1 Turunan Varietas Situ Bagendit

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Suwaji Handaru Wardoyo ◽  
Miftahudin Miftahudin ◽  
Sugiono Moeljopawiro ◽  
Joko Prasetiyono
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Gene Segment ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Good Expression

<p>Acidity, phosphorus deficiency, and drought<br />stress are major problems in Indonesia’s Ultisol rice farming.<br />Development of rice lines tolerant to those stresses is<br />expected to be able to reduce the consumption of P<br />fertilizer. The objectives of the research were to evaluate<br />genetic constitutive of rice lines (BC2F6 population) derived<br />from Situ Bagendit x Kasalath and Situ Bagendit x NIL-C433<br />crossings, and to evaluate responses of those lines to<br />Yoshida nutrient solution under P deficiency and Al stress<br />condition. The research was conducted at Molecular Biology<br />Laboratory and Greenhouse of ICABIOGRAD, from<br />November 2011 to May 2013. The result of foreground<br />analysis showed that Pup1 locus has been integrated into<br />the genome of BC2F6 rice lines, eventhough some lines (SK5,<br />SK6, SK7, SK8, SK9, SK10, SK19, and SK20) showed<br />incomplete integration. Background analysis indicated that<br />majority (95.7%) of the Situ Bagendit background has been<br />recovered in BC2F6 rice lines. Al stress evaluation showed SN<br />lines were more tolerant to P deficiency and Al stress than<br />that of SK lines. Pup1 locus showed good expression under<br />low P and no Al stress. Based on genome proportion and<br />Yoshida nutrient solution experiments, a total of three lines,<br />namely SK13, SN2, and SN9, have potential good<br />characteristics. Molecular analysis within a marker-assisted<br />backcrossing (MAB) experiment should be carried out at<br />each generation of lines for gaining fully gene segment in<br />advanced generations.</p>

scholarly journals Metabolic alterations provide insights into Stylosanthes roots responding to phosphorus deficiency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Luo ◽  
Yunxi Liu ◽  
Huikai Zhang ◽  
Jinpeng Wang ◽  
Zhijian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Pi Starvation ◽  
P Utilization ◽  
Metabolic Profiling Analysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Abstract Background: Phosphorus (P) deficiency is one of the major constraints limiting plant growth, especially in acid soils. Stylosanthes (stylo) is a pioneer tropical legume with excellent adaptability to low P stress, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown.Results: In this study, the physiological, molecular and metabolic changes in stylo responding to phosphate (Pi) starvation were investigated. Under low P condition, the growth of stylo root was enhanced, which was attributed to the up-regulation of expansin genes participating in root growth. Metabolic profiling analysis showed that a total of 256 metabolites with differential accumulations were identified in stylo roots response to P deficiency, which mainly included flavonoids, sugars, nucleotides, amino acids, phenylpropanoids and phenylamides. P deficiency led to significant reduction in the accumulation of phosphorylated metabolites (e.g., P-containing sugars, nucleotides and cholines), suggesting that internal P utilization was enhanced in stylo roots subjected to low P stress. However, flavonoid metabolites, such as kaempferol, daidzein and their glycoside derivatives, were increased in P-deficient stylo roots. Furthermore, the qRT-PCR analysis showed that a set of genes involved in flavonoids synthesis were found to be up-regulated by Pi starvation in stylo roots. In addition, the abundances of phenolic acids and phenylamides were significantly increased in stylo roots during P deficiency. The increased accumulation of the metabolites in stylo roots, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenylamides, might facilitate P solubilization and cooperate with beneficial microorganisms in rhizosphere, and thus contributing to P acquisition and utilization in stylo.Conclusions: These results suggest that stylo plants cope with P deficiency by modulating root morphology, scavenging internal Pi from phosphorylated metabolites and increasing accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic acids and phenylamides. This study provides valuable insights into the complex responses and adaptive mechanisms of stylo roots to P deficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of phosphorus deficiency on the absorption of mineral nutrients, photosynthetic system performance and antioxidant metabolism in Citrus grandis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246944
Author(s):  
Xin Meng ◽  
Wei-Wei Chen ◽  
Yan-Yu Wang ◽  
Zeng-Rong Huang ◽  
Xin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Nutrient Absorption ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Donor Side ◽  
Antioxidant Metabolism ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Acceptor Side

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient for plant growth, development and production. However, little is known about the effects of P deficiency on nutrient absorption, photosynthetic apparatus performance and antioxidant metabolism in citrus. Seedlings of ‘sour pummelo’ (Citrus grandis) were irrigated with a nutrient solution containing 0.2 mM (Control) or 0 mM (P deficiency) KH2PO4 until saturated every other day for 16 weeks. P deficiency significantly decreased the dry weight (DW) of leaves and stems, and increased the root/shoot ratio in C. grandis but did not affect the DW of roots. The decreased DW of leaves and stems might be induced by the decreased chlorophyll (Chl) contents and CO2 assimilation in P deficient seedlings. P deficiency heterogeneously affected the nutrient contents of leaves, stems and roots. The analysis of Chl a fluorescence transients showed that P deficiency impaired electron transport from the donor side of photosystem II (PSII) to the end acceptor side of PSI, which showed a greater impact on the performance of the donor side of PSII than that of the acceptor side of PSII and photosystem I (PSI). P deficiency increased the contents of ascorbate (ASC), H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and glutathione reductase (GR) in leaves. In contrast, P deficiency increased the ASC content, reduced the glutathione (GSH) content and the activities of SOD, CAT, APX and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), but did not increase H2O2 production, anthocyanins and MDA content in roots. Taking these results together, we conclude that P deficiency affects nutrient absorption and lowers photosynthetic performance, leading to ROS production, which might be a crucial cause of the inhibited growth of C. grandis.

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