scholarly journals Free Amino Acids Profile and Expression Analysis of Core Genes Involved in Branched-Chain Amino Acids Metabolism during Fruit Development of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars with Different Aroma Types

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Wenshun Hu ◽  
Baiyu Wang ◽  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Xiuping Chen ◽  
Jisen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Amino acids are important component of fruit nutrition and quality. In this study, three longan cultivars, including non-aroma types ‘Shixia’ (SX), ‘Lidongben’ (LDB), and strong aroma type ‘Xiangcui’ (XC), were selected to analyze free amino acids (FAAs) variations at six distinct growth stages (S1–S6). The genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) synthesis pathway were carried out. Results showed that 36 FAAs were identified, and the total FAAs content ranged from 2601.0 to 9073.5 mg/kg, which increased drastically with fruit development until ripening. L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-alanine (Ala), L-arginine (Arg), γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-aspartic acid (Asp), L-leucine (Leu), hydroxyl-proline (Hypro), and L-serine (Ser) were the predominant FAAs (1619.9–7213.9 mg/kg) in pulp, accounting for 62.28–92.05% of the total amino acids. During the period of rapid fruit expansion (S2–S4), the aroma of XC changed from light to strong, and the contents of L-alanine (Ala) and L-leucine (Leu) were significantly higher than those of SX and LDB. Furthermore, a total of two 2-isopropyl malate synthase (IPMS), two 3-isopropyl malate dehydrogenase (IPMD), and 16 BCAA transferase (BCAT) genes were identified. The expression levels of DilBCAT1, -6, and -9 genes in XC were significantly higher than those in SX and LDB, while DilBCAT16 in XC was lower. The content of Leu was negatively correlated with the expression of DilBCAT1, -6, and -9 in three varieties, but positively correlated with DilBCAT16, indicating that these four genes may be responsible for the different synthesis and degradation of Leu among cultivars.

scholarly journals Effects of ketone bodies on amino acid metabolism in isolated rat diaphragm

1976 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Palaiologos ◽  
P Felig
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Content ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Glutamine Production

1. Diaphragms from 48h-starved rats were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium at 37degreesC for 30min and then transferred into new medium and incubated for 1, 2 and 3 h. 2. The amount of free amino acids found at the end of each time of incubation was larger than the amount at the beginning of incubation, indicating that in this system proteolysis is prevailing. 3. The diaphragms was releasing mainly alanine and glutamine into the incubation medium. 4. Within the periods of incubation the release and metabolism of free amino acids was proceeding at a constant rate. 5. Addition of sodium DL-3-hydroxybutyrate decreased the tissue content of several amino acids, among which were tyrosine and phenylalanine, suggesting that proteolysis was decreased by ketone bodies. 6. In the presence of glucose (10mM) and branched-chain amino acids (0.5mM), sodium DL-3-hydroxybutyrate at concentrations of 4 or 6 mM resulted in 30% decrease in tissue alanine content and a 20% decline in alanine release. Release of taurine and glutamine was decreased by 19 and 16% respectively with 6 mM-sodium DL-3-hydroxybutyrate. Addition of sodium acetoacetate (1-3mM) also resulted in a 20-35% decrease in tissue content of alanine, glutamine and taurine and in a 15-24% decrease of alanine and glutamine release. Smaller decreases (less than 15%) in the release of glycine, threonine, proline, serine and aspartate were also observed in the presence of sodium DL-3-hydroxybutyrate or sodium acetoacetate. 7. Substitution of pyruvate (1.0mM) for glucose in the presence of acetoacetate restored alanine and glutamine production to control values. In the presence of acetoacetate, pyruvate also increased the tissue content of aspartate by 77% and decreased the tissue content of glutamate by 30%. 8. It is suggested that in diaphragms from starved rats, ketone bodies (a) in the absence of other substrates inhibit protein catabolism and (b) in the presence of glucose and branched-chain amino acids decrease alanine and glutamine production, by inhibiting glycolysis.

scholarly journals Effects of amino acid preparations on the amino acid composition of the liver of rats under subchronic alcohol intoxication

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-345
Author(s):  
Yu. E. Razvodovsky ◽  
V. Yu. Smirnov ◽  
I. N. Semenenya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Utilization ◽  
Branched Chain

The effects of complex compositions, containing branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), taurine and tryptophan, on the pool of free amino acids in the liver of rats were studied under the conditions of subchronic alcohol intoxication (SHAI). It was established that SHAI led to the decreased levels of treonine, lysine, oxyproline, arginine, b-alanine, as well as the depletion of the pool of irreplaceable amino acids in the liver of rats. Administration of the composition of BCAA and taurine was found to normalize the ratio of replaceable irreplaceable amino acids, the ratio of glycogenic and ketogenic amino acids, to activate the reaction of nitrogen utilization, and to increase Fisher’s index. The effects of the composition, containing BCAA, taurine and tryptophan, were similar to those of amino acid composition that did not contain tryptophan.

scholarly journals Pool of free amino acids in the blood plasma of rats undergoing subtotal cerebral ischemia after L-name administration

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. E. Razvodovsky ◽  
V. Y. Smirnov ◽  
N. Ye. Maksimovich ◽  
I. N. Semenenya
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development

A stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality in many countries. Mechanisms of development of ischemic stroke are complex and have not been fully established. The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in the pool of free amino acids and their derivatives in the plasma of rats undergoing subtotal cerebral ischemia (SCI) and treated with L-NAME. Experiment was made on 18 rats: 12 animals were undergoing bilateral flament occlusion of arteries carotid, 6 of them were treated with L-NAME. The analyses of free amino acids levels in the blood plasma extracts were carried out by reversedphase HPLC. Concentrations of several amino acids were elevated after 1 hour of ischemia, including aspartate, asparagine, glutamine, glycin, alanine, taurine, phenylalanine, gistidine, 3-methilgistidine, treonine, citrulline, ornitine, as well as branched-chain amino acids. Administration of L-NAME partially prevented the imbalance of the amino acids pool caused by SCI. Preventive injection of L-NAME alleviated the imbalance in the pool of free amino acids of blood plasma caused by SCI.

Soil type affects grape juice free amino acids profile during ripening of cv. Malvasia Istriana (Vitis vinifera L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Palčić ◽  
Ana-Marija Jagatić Korenika ◽  
Snježana Jakobović ◽  
Igor Pasković ◽  
Nikola Major ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Grape Juice ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Protein and free amino acids in field-grown cowpea seeds as affected by water stress at various growth stages

1981 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Labanauskas ◽  
Peter Shouse ◽  
L. H. Stolzy ◽  
M. F. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

scholarly journals Effect of growth stages and fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Meenakshi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality parameters of oats (Avena sativa L.) at forage research farm in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Four different nitrogen levels viz. 0 (control), 50, 75 (recommended) and 100 Kg N/ha were applied in the form of urea. Samples were collected at three different growth stages i.e. 30, 45 and 60 DAS. As the growth of plant continued decrease in total nitrogen (45%), non protein nitro-gen (37%), ether extract (13%), ash content (24%) and digestibility (23%) was observed. But increase in free amino acids (48%) and cell wall constituents i.e. ADF (19%), NDF (31%) and CF (34%)with plant’s growth was reported. The interactive effect of varying levels of inorganic fertilizer application on the chemical composition of the plant at various growth stages revealed an increase in total nitrogen (18%), non protein nitrogen (26%), ether extract (18%), free amino acids (32%), ash content (13%) and digestibility (7%) with increase in fertilizer level however ADF (7%), NDF (2%) and CF (3%)content decreased with increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Correlation studies showed that significant negative correlation was present forin vitro dry matter digestibility with acid detergent fiber (r= -.861**), neutral detergent fiber (r= -.891**) and crude fiber (r= -.740**) at recommended dose of N fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilization at different growth stages on quality components in oats fodder.

Branched Chain and Aromatic free Amino Acids in Plasma and Skeletal Muscle of uremic Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis and CAPD

1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Graziani ◽  
A. Cantaluppi ◽  
S. Casati ◽  
A. Citterio ◽  
C. Ponticelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Regular Dialysis Treatment ◽  
Uremic Patients ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Hepatic Protein Synthesis

Plasma and skeletal muscle free amino acids were measured in patients submitted to Hemodialysis (HD) or Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) in order to evaluate the effects of these different dialysis modalities on amino acid pools; the data were compared with those obtained in control subjects and in patients with advanced Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) not submitted to Regular Dialysis Treatment (RDT). Our findings show low intracellular concentrations of VAL, total Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA) and TYR in uremic patients treated with CAPD but not in those undergoing HD. The observed differences in muscle amino acid pattern could be well explained by a changed amino acid metabolism regulation in CAPD, possibly related to the sustained hyperinsulinism and to an increased rate of hepatic protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Free amino acids in Viola tricolor in relation to different habitat conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 833-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dziągwa-Becker ◽  
Ryszard Weber ◽  
Olga Zajączkowska ◽  
Wiesław Oleszek
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer ◽  
Viola Tricolor ◽  
Amino Acids Profile ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to establish the free amino acids profile of Viola tricolor collected from different habitats in Poland. Viola tricolor (heartsease) is a very popular plant found worldwide, classified both as weed and medicinal plant. Based on a validated method, the following nineteen free amino acids were analyzed using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (LC-ESI-MS/MS):alanine, glycine, leucine, valine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, serine, threonine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid. The total free amino acids (TAA) ranged from 9938.0 to 11393.8 mg/kg of fresh weight. The variability of the investigated amino acids with respect to different habitat conditions was statistically assessed using the method of discriminant and cluster analysis. Alanine, valine, glutamine and aspartic acid were the most abundant free amino acids present in both localizations. The ratio of total essential amino acids (EAA) to TAA was 0.27 and 0.11 in Zagródki and Wrocław, respectively. Discriminant analysis has demonstrated that the investigated habitats significantly differentiated the free amino acids content of Viola tricolor. Only methionine showed a similar concentration in both Viola tricolor populations.

Comparison of Free Amino Acids Profile in Honey from Three Argentinian Regions

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (17) ◽  
pp. 5079-5087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo M. Cometto ◽  
Pablo F. Faye ◽  
Romina D. Di Paola Naranjo ◽  
Miguel A. Rubio ◽  
Mario A. J. Aldao
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Amino Acids Profile
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document