Protein and free amino acids in field-grown cowpea seeds as affected by water stress at various growth stages

1981 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Labanauskas ◽  
Peter Shouse ◽  
L. H. Stolzy ◽  
M. F. Handy
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cowpea Seeds

scholarly journals Effect of growth stages and fertility levels on growth, yield and quality of fodder oats (Avena sativa L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1287-1296
Author(s):  
Gurjeet Kaur ◽  
Meenakshi Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality parameters of oats (Avena sativa L.) at forage research farm in Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana. Four different nitrogen levels viz. 0 (control), 50, 75 (recommended) and 100 Kg N/ha were applied in the form of urea. Samples were collected at three different growth stages i.e. 30, 45 and 60 DAS. As the growth of plant continued decrease in total nitrogen (45%), non protein nitro-gen (37%), ether extract (13%), ash content (24%) and digestibility (23%) was observed. But increase in free amino acids (48%) and cell wall constituents i.e. ADF (19%), NDF (31%) and CF (34%)with plant’s growth was reported. The interactive effect of varying levels of inorganic fertilizer application on the chemical composition of the plant at various growth stages revealed an increase in total nitrogen (18%), non protein nitrogen (26%), ether extract (18%), free amino acids (32%), ash content (13%) and digestibility (7%) with increase in fertilizer level however ADF (7%), NDF (2%) and CF (3%)content decreased with increased levels of nitrogen fertilization. Correlation studies showed that significant negative correlation was present forin vitro dry matter digestibility with acid detergent fiber (r= -.861**), neutral detergent fiber (r= -.891**) and crude fiber (r= -.740**) at recommended dose of N fertilization. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different doses of nitrogen fertilization at different growth stages on quality components in oats fodder.

scholarly journals Dynamic and migration characteristics of soil free amino acids during the whole growth period of rice after application of milk vetch

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yi Lin ◽  
Christopher Rensing ◽  
Liming Zhang ◽  
Biqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Total Contribution ◽  
And Migration

Abstract. Free amino acids (FAAs) in soil play an important role in the soil nitrogen cycle and plant nutrition. However, the attributing factors and migration characteristics of free amino acid pools in paddy soils after green manure application during the entire growth period of rice have not been elucidated. In this study, a single application of chemical fertilizer (CK) was used as a control under equal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium conditions, and different application rates of milk vetch (15 000 kghm−2(CL), 30 000 kghm−2(CM) and 45 000 kg hm−2(CH)) were selected to investigate the dynamic of FAAs concentration and composition in paddy soil. Soil FAAs concentration at different growth stages under the same fertilization treatments was highest at the seedling stage and lowest at the tillering stage. The concentration of threonine, alanine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine was most abundant under different fertilization treatments during the growth period, accounting for 59.42 %–76.46 % of the respective FAAs pool. The application of milk vetch was shown to increase the soil FAAs concentration, especially glutamic acid, which increased by 368.17 %–680.78 %, but excessive application had an inhibitory effect. Soil pH, organic matter, protease, bacterial biomass and community were critical factors affecting the concentration of soil FAAs. Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Nitrospirae significantly affected the dynamics of FAAs in bacterial communities, and their total contribution rate was 56.89 %. FAAs displayed significant vertical profile characteristics, and the mobility of serine, glycine and proline was high. Conclusively, the application of milk vetch was able to significantly change the concentration and composition of soil FAAs, which may affect the capture of N by plants.

Identification of the Main Osmotically Active Solutes in the Unstressed and Water-Stressed Root-Hemiparasitic Angiosperm Thesium humile and Its Host Triticum vulgare

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Simier ◽  
A Fer ◽  
S Renaudin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Compatible Solutes ◽  
Organic Solutes ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Osmotic Potentials

The root-hemiparasite Thesium humile Vahl (Santalaceae) causes important damage to cereal crops in Mediterranean countries. It maintains lower osmotic potentials than its host and the main osmotically active solutes involved are identified and measured in host and hemiparasite under well-watered conditions or water stress. Mineral ions account for more than 50% of the osmolarity in the unstressed host (Triticum vulgare), K+ and Cl- playing the major role. Organic solutes contribute to a limited extent and, among these, free amino acids are present at higher concentration than carbohydrates (glucose, fructose, sucrose) or carboxylic acids (mainly as malate). Inorganic ions (especially K+, Cl- and Na+) account for the greatest part of the osmolarity in unstressed Thesium. Organic solutes contribute to a lower extent; among them, carbohydrates (mainly as mannitol) and carboxylic acids (mainly as malate, ketoglutarate and citrate) are present at an higher concentration than free amino acids. Host and parasite respond to water stress by decreasing their osmotic potentials through accumu- lation of species-specific sets of solutes. Increases in inorganic ion concentration in the stressed host result from water loss. Organic solutes are also strongly accumulated, mostly as carbohydrates (mainly fructose). Contents of free amino acids (compatible solutes) and carboxylic acids are about four times higher than under unstressed conditions. Thesium shows less dehydration under water deficits than does wheat and the mineral ion content is still slightly enhanced. Free amino acids and carbohydrates are present at about twice the concentration as under well-watered conditions. The increase in carboxylic acid content relates principally to an accumulation of citrate and glycerate. Soluble carbohydrates, identified as oligofructans, may be also involved in the osmoregulation of both wheat and Thesium under stressed or unstressed conditions, but the extent of their contribution to osmolarity is unknown. Among carbohydrates, the compatible solute mannitol occurs in Thesium at highest concentration. The biosynthetic pathway of this polyol may be a possible biochemical target for chemical control of Thesium.

Changes in free amino acids and polyamine levels in Satsuma leaves in response to Asian citrus psyllid infestation and water stress

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasir S. A. Malik ◽  
Jose L. Perez ◽  
Madhurababu Kunta ◽  
Joseph M. Patt ◽  
Robert L. Mangan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid

Effect of Water Stress on Composition of Peanut Leaves

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ali-Ahmad ◽  
S. M. Basha
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Abstract Water stress was induced in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cv. Marc 1) plants by withholding water for 5 to 20 d. Leaves from the water-stressed plants were analyzed to determine the effect of water stress on amino acids, sugars, protein content, and polypeptide composition of peanut plants. The results showed that the total protein content of the leaves significantly increased when peanut plants were subjected to water stress for 5 to 20 d as compared to irrigated controls. Analysis of the leaf protein by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed higher levels of polypeptides in stressed leaves compared to the control leaves. Peanut leaves from water-stressed plants also showed higher amounts of free amino acids and soluble sugars as compared to the irrigated plants. Thus, water stress enhanced accumulation of proteins, free amino acids, and soluble sugars in the peanut plants.

scholarly journals Free Amino Acids Profile and Expression Analysis of Core Genes Involved in Branched-Chain Amino Acids Metabolism during Fruit Development of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) Cultivars with Different Aroma Types

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 807
Author(s):  
Wenshun Hu ◽  
Baiyu Wang ◽  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Xiuping Chen ◽  
Jisen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Fruit Development ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acids ◽  
Malate Synthase ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Amino Acids Profile

Amino acids are important component of fruit nutrition and quality. In this study, three longan cultivars, including non-aroma types ‘Shixia’ (SX), ‘Lidongben’ (LDB), and strong aroma type ‘Xiangcui’ (XC), were selected to analyze free amino acids (FAAs) variations at six distinct growth stages (S1–S6). The genome-wide identification and expression analysis of genes related to the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) synthesis pathway were carried out. Results showed that 36 FAAs were identified, and the total FAAs content ranged from 2601.0 to 9073.5 mg/kg, which increased drastically with fruit development until ripening. L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-alanine (Ala), L-arginine (Arg), γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-aspartic acid (Asp), L-leucine (Leu), hydroxyl-proline (Hypro), and L-serine (Ser) were the predominant FAAs (1619.9–7213.9 mg/kg) in pulp, accounting for 62.28–92.05% of the total amino acids. During the period of rapid fruit expansion (S2–S4), the aroma of XC changed from light to strong, and the contents of L-alanine (Ala) and L-leucine (Leu) were significantly higher than those of SX and LDB. Furthermore, a total of two 2-isopropyl malate synthase (IPMS), two 3-isopropyl malate dehydrogenase (IPMD), and 16 BCAA transferase (BCAT) genes were identified. The expression levels of DilBCAT1, -6, and -9 genes in XC were significantly higher than those in SX and LDB, while DilBCAT16 in XC was lower. The content of Leu was negatively correlated with the expression of DilBCAT1, -6, and -9 in three varieties, but positively correlated with DilBCAT16, indicating that these four genes may be responsible for the different synthesis and degradation of Leu among cultivars.

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